Evaluation of cork oak (Quescus suber L.) plantations in Türkiye

Abstract

Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) bark is used in many different fields such as industry, food, automotive and insulation. The seedlings produced with the seeds taken from the plantation established with 2 origin and 286 saplings in Torbalı Forest Nursery in 1975 were used in the afforestation studies carried out in İzmir Regional Directorate of Forestry. The ability of the tree to form a quality bark depends on the conditions of the place where it grows and largely on the climate. The first afforestations in Türkiye at different altitudes, aspects and soil types are over 20 years old and some of them have been able to produce bark. Revealing the current status of these studies will provide valuable information for the cultivation of this valuable forest product that our country needs and its use in afforestation. For this purpose, the effects of altitude and aspect on the height, diameter and bark development of trees were examined. In each trial area, diameter-height measurements in 30 trees, bark thicknesses in 10 trees were measured and their developmental status was revealed. It has been statistically revealed that height growth at lower altitudes, and trunk diameter and shell thickness at higher altitudes develop better. It was determined that sunny slops did not have a significant effect on height and bark thickness compared to shaded slops, but was an effective factor in increasing diameter. In the soil samples taken from the study areas, the texture of clayey loam, salt-free (EC- 0.04), average pH 7, CaCO3 0.3% and organic matter 1.8% were determined. It is predicted that cork oaks will develop better if the maintenance is done on time.

Keywords

• Quercus suber
• cork oak
• afforestation
• growing.

Türkiye’deki mantar meşesi (Quercus suber L.) ağaçlandırmalarının değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Mantar meşesi (Quercus suber L.) kabuğu, sanayi, gıda, otomotiv, izolasyon gibi çok farklı alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. 1975 yılında Torbalı Orman Fidanlığında 2 orijin ve 286 adet fidanla kurulan plantasyondan alınan tohumlardan üretilen fidanlar İzmir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nde yapılan ağaçlandırma çalışmalarında kullanılmıştır. Ağacın kaliteli kabuk oluşturabilmesi yetişme yeri koşullarına, büyük ölçüde iklime bağlıdır. Türkiye’de farklı yükselti, bakı ve toprak tiplerinde yapılan ilk ağaçlandırmalar 20 yaşını aşmış ve bazıları kabuk üretimi yapılabilecek duruma gelmiştir. Bu çalışmaların mevcut durumlarının ortaya konulması, ülkemizin ihtiyacı olan bu değerli orman ürününün yetiştirilmesi ve ağaçlandırmalarda kullanılması için kıymetli bilgiler sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla, yükselti ve bakının ağaçların boy, çap ve kabuk gelişimine etkisi incelenmiştir. Her deneme alanında 30’ar ağaçta çap-boy ölçümleri, 10’ar ağaçta kabuk kalınlıkları ölçülmüş ve gelişim durumları ortaya konulmuştur. Alt rakımlarda boy büyümesi, üst rakımlarda ise gövde çapı ve kabuk kalınlığının daha iyi geliştiği istatistiki olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Güneşli bakıların, gölgeli bakılara göre boy ve kabuk kalınlığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı, çap artımında ise etkili bir faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde tekstür killi balçık, tuzsuz (EC- 0,04), ortalama pH 7, CaCO3 %0,3 ve organik madde %1,8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mantar meşelerinin bakımları zamanında yapıldığı taktirde gelişimlerinin daha iyi olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

• Mantar meşesi
• ağaçlandırma
• büyüme

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