Kastamonu-Taşköprü’deki karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold) meşcerelerinde yangın şiddetinin erken dönem süksesyon dinamiklerine etkisi

Abstract

Çalışmada; Kastamonu’da geniş yayılış gösteren ve orman yangınları tehdidi altında bulunan karaçam (Pinus nigra) meşcerelerinde yangın sonrası vejetasyon gelişimini incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, 2003 ve 2012 yıllarında yangınların meydana geldiği Taşköprü ve Bayam Orman İşletme Müdürlüklerinde 2017 yılında örnekleme yapılmıştır. Yangın şiddetinin etkisini görmek maksadıyla örtü (düşük yangın şiddeti) ve tepe (yüksek yangın şiddeti) yangınına maruz kalmış iki bölgeden en küçük alan yöntemi ile deneme alanları (25×50 m) alınmıştır. Yüksek yangın şiddetinin vejetasyon üzerinde etkisinin zamansal değişimini belirlemek amacıyla 2003 yılında yangın geçiren sahadan alınan örnek alan, diğer örnek alanlarla Shannon çeşitlilik indeksi ve Ki-kare analizi ile karşılaştırılmış; örtme dereceleri hayat formu ve familya bazında incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucu en yüksek farklılığa sahip olan familya Pinaceae olurken hayat formu kriptofit olmuştur. Örtü yangını geçiren alanda tepe kapalılığına sahip bölgelerde örtüş derecesi açısından hakim tür karaçam olmasına rağmen biyoçeşitlilik açısından tek ve iki yıllık Rosaceae ve bazı Fabaceae familyasına ait taksonlar tespit edilmiştir. Tepe kapalılığının kırıldığı yerlerde Cistus laurifolius, C. creticus ve Rubus sp.’ye rastlanmıştır. Tepe yangını sahası deneme alanında rastlanan türler ise örtü yangını geçirmiş, ancak tepe kapalılığı olmayan kısımlar ile tür kompozisyonu bakımından büyük miktarda benzerlik göstermiştir. Tepe yangını alanında hakim tür Cistus laurifolius’tur. En fazla çeşitlilik ise 2003 tepe yangını sahasında olmuştur.

Keywords

• Orman yangını
• yangın ekolojisi
• yangın sonrası vejetasyon
• karaçam

Effect of fire intensity on the earlier post-fire succession in Pinus nigra Arnold stands of Taşköprü, Kastamonu

Abstract

This study investigates the post-fire vegetation development in black pine (Pinus nigra) stands, which are widely distributed in Kastamonu and are under threat from forest fires. To this end, sampling was conducted in 2017 in the Taşköprü and Bayam Forest Management Directorates, where fires occurred in 2003 and 2012. Sample plots (25 × 50 m) were established using the minimum area method in two regions affected by surface fires (low intensity) and crown fires (high intensity). To observe the temporal effects of high-intensity fire, a sample area from a 2003 fire site was also analyzed and compared using the Shannon diversity index and the Chi-square test. Results showed significant differences in the family Pinaceae and the life form cryptophyte. Although black pine was observed to remain the dominant species after the surface fire, one- and two-year-old species belonging to the Rosaceae and Fabaceae families were recorded during the early stage of vegetation. In areas with reduced canopy closure, species such as Cistus laurifolius, C. creticus, and Rubus sp. were observed. Species composition in the crown fire site closely resembled that of surface fire areas with broken canopy. Cistus laurifolius was the dominant species in crown fire areas, and the highest species diversity was found in the 2003 crown fire site.

Keywords

• Forest fire
• fire ecology
• post fire vegetation
• blackpine

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