Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Mikrobiyal gübre uygulamasının karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) fidanlarının bazı morfolojik özelliklerine etkisi

Year 2017, , 100 - 106, 17.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.337884

Abstract

Ormanlaştırma çalışmaları uzun vadeli ve
maliyetli yatırımlardır. Ekolojik koşulların uygunluğundan sonra, bu
yatırımların başarısı büyük ölçüde dikilen fidanın kalitesine bağlıdır. Fidan
kalite standartlarına uygun olmayan fidanların ağaçlandırma alanlarına
dikilmesi, fidan kayıplarının, dolayısıyla tamamlama giderlerinin artmasına
neden olmaktadır. Fidanlıklarda kaliteli fidan üretimini etkileyen en önemli
faktörler besin, su ve ışık ilişkileridir. Yetersiz veya fazla beslenen
fidanlar standart dışı olduğundan tutma başarıları düşmektedir. Bu nedenle,
özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak alan ağaçlandırmalarında kullanılacak fidanların,
kök/sak oranı dengeli, kök sisteminin çok iyi gelişmiş, suyu ve besini kolayca
alabilen yapıda olması istenmektedir. Fidan kalitesini artırmak için orman
fidanlıklarında toprak analizi yapıldıktan sonra besin maddesi açığına göre,
kimyasal ve organik gübre takviyesi yapılmaktadır. Gübrelerin yarayışlı forma
dönüştürülmeleri ve kolay alınabilmelerinde, toprak mikroorganizmalarının
fonksiyonu büyüktür. Son yıllarda mineral gübrelemeler yerine, toprak
mikroorganizmalarını artırarak besinlerin alınmasını sağlayan biyolojik
gübreler (biyogübre, bio-inokulant) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Özellikle
tarımsal ürünlerde verim artışı, hastalıklara karşı direnç, besin maddelerinden
daha iyi faydalanma gibi hususlarda başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır.
Biyogübrelerin orman fidanlıklarında kullanımı yeni bir uygulama olup, fidan
karakteristiklerine etkileri konusunda Türkiye’de yapılmış bir çalışmaya
rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de ormanlaştırılan alanlarda en fazla
kullanılan türlerden biri olan karaçamda ekim yastıklarına biyogübre uygulaması
yapılarak, bazı fidan morfolojik karakterlerine etkisinin belirlenmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Eskişehir Orman Fidanlığında gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonunda,
2+0 yaşlı karaçam fidanlarına uygulanan biyogübrenin, istatistiki bakımdan
anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı (P>0,05)
ortaya konulmuştur.


References

  • Alori, E.T., Dare, M, O., Babalola, O.O., 2017. Microbial Inoculants for soil quality and plant health. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 22: 281-307.
  • Anonim, 2010. Tarımda kullanılan organik, organomineral gübreler ve toprak düzenleyiciler ile mikrobiyal, enzim içerikli ve diğer ürünlerin üretimi, ithalatı ve piyasaya arzına dair yönetmelik. 4 Haziran 2010 tarih ve 27601 sayılı Resmî Gazete.
  • Anonim, 2017. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2016 yılı idare faaliyet raporu, Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Asif, M., Lone, S., Lone, F.A., Hamid, A., 2013. Fıeld performance of blue pıne (pınus wallıchıana) seedlıngs ınoculated wıth selected specıes of bıo-ınoculants under nursery condıtıons. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(1): (B) 632 – 640.
  • Benitez, T., Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C., Codon, A.C., 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int. Microbiol. 7: 249–260.
  • Berg, G., 2009. Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84, 11–18.
  • Bergottini, V.M., Otegui, M.B., Sosa, D.A., Zapata, P.D., Mulot, M., Rebord, M., Zopfi, J., Wiss, F., Benrey, B., Junier, P., 2015. Bio-inoculation of yerba mate seedlings (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) with native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: a sustainable alternative to improve crop yield. Biology and Fertility of Soils 51(6), 749–755.
  • Borkar, S.G., 2015. Microbes as Biofertilizers and Their Production Technology, Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd., 218 p.
  • Contreras-Cornejo, H.A., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Cortés-Penagos, C., López-Bucio, J., 2009. Trichoderma virens a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 49, 1579–1592.
  • Deshmukh, A.M., Khobragade, R.M., Dixit, P.P.,2007. Handbook of Biofertilizers and Biopesticides. Oxford Book Company 267, 10-B-Scheme, Opp. Narayan Niwas, Gopalpura By Pass Road, Jaipur-302018 ,326 p.
  • Hasrat, A., 2006. Agro Technology of Organic Farming. Published by: Grassroots Instıtute c/o Grassroots India Trust 1st Floor, 134, Street 17, Zakir Nagar, Okhla, Opp. New Friends Colony A-Block, New Delhi – 110 025, 21 p.
  • Karthıkeyan, A., and Suryaprakash, M., 2008. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhızal fungı,Phosphobacterıum and Azospırıllum Sp.on the successful establıshment of Eucalyptus Camaldulensıs Dehn. in bauxıte mıne spoils. Forests and Trees and Livelihoods 18 (2), 183-191.
  • Kuppurajendran, 2012. Effects of bioinoculants on seedling growth, biochemical changes and nutrient uptake of Erythrina ındica L. ın semi arid region of Southern India. Biometrics & Biostatistics 3:2, DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000134.
  • Malusá, E., Sas-Paszt, L., Ciesielska, J., 2012. Technologies for beneficial micro-organisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal, [Online]. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324119/ doi:10.1100/2012/491206 (accessed on 09.09.17).
  • Owen, D., Williams, A.P., Griffith, G.W., Withers, P.J.A., 2015. Use of commercial bio-inoculants to increase agricultural production through improved phosphorus acquisition. Applied Soil Ecology 86: 41–54.
  • Paroha, S., Chandra, K.K., Tiwari, K.P., 2000. Synergistic role of VAM and Azotobacter ınoculation on growth and biomass production in forestry species. Journal of Tropical Forestry 16(1): 13-21.
  • Rajeshkumar, S., Chandran Nisha, M., Chidambaram Prabu P., Wondimu, L., Selvara, T., 2009. Interaction between Glomus geosporum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus coagulans and their Influence on growth and nutrition of Melia azedarach L. Turk J Biol 33, 109-114.
  • Reedy, P.P., 2014. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Horticultural Crop Protection. ISBN 978-81-322-1973-6 (eBook), Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, 313 p.
  • Shishido M., and Chanway C.P., 2000. Colonization and growth promotion of out planted spruce seedlings pre-inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the greenhouse. Can. J. For. Res. 30(6): 845–854.
  • Siddiqui, Z. A. 2006. PGPR: Prospective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. In PGPR: Biocontrol and biofertilization, ed. Z. A. Siddiqui, 111–42. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
  • SPSS v.22.0, 2015. SPSS 22.0 Guide to Data Analysis, published by Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 637 pp.
  • Sreedhar, S.S., and Mohan V., 2016. Effect of different plant growth promoting microbes as bio-Inoculants on the growth improvement of Ailanthus excelsa seedlings in nursery. The İndian Foresters 142 (7),631-641.
  • Sumana, D.A. and Bagyaraj, D.J. 2002. Interaction between VAM fungus and nitrogen fixing bacteria and their influence on growth and nutrition of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Indian J. Microbiol. 42(4): 295-298.

Effect of microbial fertilizer application on some morphological properties of Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) seedlings

Year 2017, , 100 - 106, 17.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.337884

Abstract

Reforestation, afforestation and industrial plantation investments are
long term and costly investments. After suitability of ecological conditions,
the success of these investments largely depends on the quality of seedlings
planted. Planting seedlings that are not in accordance with quality standards
causes planting losses, thus the completion costs increase. The most important
factors affecting quality seedling production in nurseries are nutrient, water
and light relationships. Insufficient or overfed seedlings decline planting
success. For this reason, the seedlings to be used for forestation works in especially
arid and semi-arid areas are required to be stem / root balanced, and well
developed root structures. In order to increase the quality of the seedlings soil
analysis is carried out in forest nurseries, chemical and organic fertilizer
support are made according to the nutrient deficiency. The function of soil
microorganisms is great in converting fertilizers into useful form and easy to
take. In recent years, biological fertilizers (bio-fertilizer, bio-inoculant)
have started to be used instead of mineral fertilizers to increase soil
microorganisms and nutrient available. In particular, successful results have
been obtained on the issues such as increased yields, resistance to diseases
and better utilization of nutrients in agricultural products. The use of
bio-fertilizers in forest nurseries is a new practice and no study has been
done on the effects on seedling characteristics in Turkey. The aim of this
study is to determine the effects of bio-fertilizers on the morphological
characters of some seedlings by applying bio-fertilizer on Crimean pine
seedlings which is one of the most used species in the afforestation or
reforestation areas in Turkey. At the end of the study conducted in Eskişehir
Forest Nursery, it was revealed that the bio-fertilizer applied to 2 + 0 Crimean pine seedlings did not make a meaningful difference (P>0.05).

References

  • Alori, E.T., Dare, M, O., Babalola, O.O., 2017. Microbial Inoculants for soil quality and plant health. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 22: 281-307.
  • Anonim, 2010. Tarımda kullanılan organik, organomineral gübreler ve toprak düzenleyiciler ile mikrobiyal, enzim içerikli ve diğer ürünlerin üretimi, ithalatı ve piyasaya arzına dair yönetmelik. 4 Haziran 2010 tarih ve 27601 sayılı Resmî Gazete.
  • Anonim, 2017. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2016 yılı idare faaliyet raporu, Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Asif, M., Lone, S., Lone, F.A., Hamid, A., 2013. Fıeld performance of blue pıne (pınus wallıchıana) seedlıngs ınoculated wıth selected specıes of bıo-ınoculants under nursery condıtıons. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(1): (B) 632 – 640.
  • Benitez, T., Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C., Codon, A.C., 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int. Microbiol. 7: 249–260.
  • Berg, G., 2009. Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84, 11–18.
  • Bergottini, V.M., Otegui, M.B., Sosa, D.A., Zapata, P.D., Mulot, M., Rebord, M., Zopfi, J., Wiss, F., Benrey, B., Junier, P., 2015. Bio-inoculation of yerba mate seedlings (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) with native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: a sustainable alternative to improve crop yield. Biology and Fertility of Soils 51(6), 749–755.
  • Borkar, S.G., 2015. Microbes as Biofertilizers and Their Production Technology, Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd., 218 p.
  • Contreras-Cornejo, H.A., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Cortés-Penagos, C., López-Bucio, J., 2009. Trichoderma virens a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 49, 1579–1592.
  • Deshmukh, A.M., Khobragade, R.M., Dixit, P.P.,2007. Handbook of Biofertilizers and Biopesticides. Oxford Book Company 267, 10-B-Scheme, Opp. Narayan Niwas, Gopalpura By Pass Road, Jaipur-302018 ,326 p.
  • Hasrat, A., 2006. Agro Technology of Organic Farming. Published by: Grassroots Instıtute c/o Grassroots India Trust 1st Floor, 134, Street 17, Zakir Nagar, Okhla, Opp. New Friends Colony A-Block, New Delhi – 110 025, 21 p.
  • Karthıkeyan, A., and Suryaprakash, M., 2008. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhızal fungı,Phosphobacterıum and Azospırıllum Sp.on the successful establıshment of Eucalyptus Camaldulensıs Dehn. in bauxıte mıne spoils. Forests and Trees and Livelihoods 18 (2), 183-191.
  • Kuppurajendran, 2012. Effects of bioinoculants on seedling growth, biochemical changes and nutrient uptake of Erythrina ındica L. ın semi arid region of Southern India. Biometrics & Biostatistics 3:2, DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000134.
  • Malusá, E., Sas-Paszt, L., Ciesielska, J., 2012. Technologies for beneficial micro-organisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal, [Online]. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324119/ doi:10.1100/2012/491206 (accessed on 09.09.17).
  • Owen, D., Williams, A.P., Griffith, G.W., Withers, P.J.A., 2015. Use of commercial bio-inoculants to increase agricultural production through improved phosphorus acquisition. Applied Soil Ecology 86: 41–54.
  • Paroha, S., Chandra, K.K., Tiwari, K.P., 2000. Synergistic role of VAM and Azotobacter ınoculation on growth and biomass production in forestry species. Journal of Tropical Forestry 16(1): 13-21.
  • Rajeshkumar, S., Chandran Nisha, M., Chidambaram Prabu P., Wondimu, L., Selvara, T., 2009. Interaction between Glomus geosporum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus coagulans and their Influence on growth and nutrition of Melia azedarach L. Turk J Biol 33, 109-114.
  • Reedy, P.P., 2014. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Horticultural Crop Protection. ISBN 978-81-322-1973-6 (eBook), Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, 313 p.
  • Shishido M., and Chanway C.P., 2000. Colonization and growth promotion of out planted spruce seedlings pre-inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the greenhouse. Can. J. For. Res. 30(6): 845–854.
  • Siddiqui, Z. A. 2006. PGPR: Prospective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. In PGPR: Biocontrol and biofertilization, ed. Z. A. Siddiqui, 111–42. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
  • SPSS v.22.0, 2015. SPSS 22.0 Guide to Data Analysis, published by Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 637 pp.
  • Sreedhar, S.S., and Mohan V., 2016. Effect of different plant growth promoting microbes as bio-Inoculants on the growth improvement of Ailanthus excelsa seedlings in nursery. The İndian Foresters 142 (7),631-641.
  • Sumana, D.A. and Bagyaraj, D.J. 2002. Interaction between VAM fungus and nitrogen fixing bacteria and their influence on growth and nutrition of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Indian J. Microbiol. 42(4): 295-298.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Ecology
Authors

Salih Parlak 0000-0003-3808-3297

Dilek Güner 0000-0002-6600-5045

Publication Date November 17, 2017
Submission Date September 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

APA Parlak, S., & Güner, D. (2017). Mikrobiyal gübre uygulamasının karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) fidanlarının bazı morfolojik özelliklerine etkisi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 4(2), 100-106. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.337884