Plant, tuber and seed properties of Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge and Orchis italica Poiret

Abstract

Although orchids are the most rich family of the plant kingdom, they make up the most destroyed group. Due to human impact, environmental factors, tourism and settlement, ornamental plants or food collection, the spread areas are getting narrower and endangered every day. Two of these endangered species due to their use in the food industry are Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge and Orchis italica Poiret. Both of these sahlep orchids taxa are preferred by collectors in terms of their tuber size and the glucomannan contains and are heavily destroyed. Excessive destruction brings some pollination and fertilization problems. Orchid seeds do not have an endosperm and need a symbiotic relationship to germinate. To germinate in an asymbiotic environment, it is necessary to apply the seeds that break dormancy and keep them in a special medium and environment. The structure of the seed coat is important in eliminating the germination barrier in asymbiotic production. In this study tuber and seed morphological and physiological properties of both species were determined. Morphological features such as plant height, tuber weight and dimensions, seed sizes, seed weight, the number of seeds in 1 g, and physiological features such as seed moisture, shell structure and fullness of seeds were determined. The causes of empty seed formation are interpreted in light of the literature.

Keywords

• Himantoglossum robertianum
• Orchis italica
• tuber, seed caracteristics

Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge (Patpatanak) ve Orchis italica Poiret’in (Tavşan topuğu) bitki, yumru ve tohum özellikleri

Abstract

Orkideler, bitkiler aleminin en zengin ailesi olmasına rağmen en çok tahrip edilen grubu oluşturur. İnsan etkisi, çevresel faktörler, turizm ve yerleşim, süs bitkisi veya yiyecek olarak kullanım nedeniyle yayılış alanları her geçen gün daralmakta ve tehlike altına girmektedir. Gıda endüstrisinde kullanımı ve aşırı toplama nedeniyle nesli tükenmekte olan bu türlerden ikisi Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge ve Orchis italica Poiret’tir. Her iki sahlep orkidesi de yumru iriliği ve glukomannan içeriği bakımından toplayıcılar tarafından tercih edilmekte ve ağır şekilde tahribata uğramaktadır. Aşırı tahribat bazı tozlaşma ve döllenme sorunlarını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Orkide tohumlarında endosperm olmadığından çimlendikten sonra su ve besin alabilmek için mikorizalar ile simbiyotik ilişkiye ihtiyaç duyarlar. Asimbiyotik ortamda çimlendirebilmek için tohumlarda dormansinin (çimlenme engelinin) kırılması, özel beslenme ortamı ve çevre şartlarının sağlanması gerekir. Asimbiyotik ortamda tohumun çimlendirilmesinde embriyoyu saran kabuk yapısının da etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada her iki türün yumru ve tohumlarının morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bitki boyu, yumru ağırlığı ve boyutları, tohum boyutları, tohum ağırlığı, 1 g’daki tohum sayısı gibi morfolojik özellikler ile tohum nemi, kabuk yapısı ve tohum doluluğu gibi fizyolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Boş tohum oluşumları literatür bilgileri ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Himantoglossum robertianum
• Orchis italica
• yumru, tohum özellikleri

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