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Assessing Musca domestica larvae as an alternative nutrient source for the mass rearing of Calosoma sycophanta in biocontrol

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 221 - 227, 15.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1780823

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the potential use of housefly Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae as an alternative feed for mass-rearing Calosoma sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a species utilized in biological control against forest pests. Our research focused on the egg production efficiency of Calosoma adults when fed housefly larvae and the growth and development of first-instar Calosoma larvae under laboratory conditions. We compared these groups with Calosoma individuals fed on pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). The results indicated a significant increase in weight for first-instar C. sycophanta larvae after 16 days: a 52.9-fold increase when fed PPM and a 16-fold increase when fed housefly larvae. In terms of length growth, PPM-fed larvae demonstrated a 4.52-fold increase, whereas housefly-fed larvae showed a 3.06-fold increase. Although the larvae consumed M. domestica larvae, the adult Calosoma did not produce eggs, and the larvae did not pupate. In contrast, Calosoma adults fed with T. wilkinsoni produced eggs, with their larvae successfully maturing to adulthood. Fifty percent of larvae fed with PPM and eighty percent fed with houseflies survived to 16 days. The findings suggest that while Calosoma larvae raised on houseflies are smaller and lighter than those fed with PPM, feeding them houseflies for a minimum of two weeks and subsequently releasing them in their larval stage could aid in the biological control of PPM.

Supporting Institution

This research was funded by the Republic of Türkiye, General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara

Project Number

19.4703/2019-2020

References

  • Buck, M., Woodley, N.E., Borkent, A., Pape, T., Vockeroth, J.R., Marshall, S. A. 2009. Key to Diptera Families (Adults, p95-144). In: Manual of Central American Diptera (Eds. B. V. Brown, A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley, M. A. Zumbado). National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada
  • Bonamonte, D, Foti, C., Vestita, M., Angelini, G., 2013. Skin reactions to pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. The Scientific World Journal, 2013(3): 867431. Doi:10.1155/2013/867431
  • Burgess, A. F., 1911. Calosoma sycophanta: its life history, behavior and successful colonization in New England. US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin 101: 1-91
  • Ceylan, S., Argun, N., Cengiz, N., 2012. Avcı Böcek Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae)’nın Yetiştirilmesinde Spodoptera littoralis’in Kullanım Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi. İç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü. Teknik Bülten No: 294. Ankara
  • Evans, A.V., 2009. The forest caterpillar hunter, Calosoma sycophanta an old-world species confirmed as part of the Virginia beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Banisteria, 34: 33-37
  • Kanat, M., Özbolat, M., 2006. Mass production and release of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) used against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) in biological control. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30 (2): 181-185GDF, 2016. General Directorate of Forestry Strategic Plan 2017-2021, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • GDF, 2023. General Directorate of Forestry Strategic Plan 2024-2028, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Pureswaran, D. S., Roques, A., Battisti, A., 2018. Forest insects and climate change. Current Forestry Reports, 4: 35-50
  • Semiz, G., Cetin, H., Işık, K., Yanikoglu, A., 2006. Effectiveness of a naturally derived insecticide, spinosad, against the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) under laboratory conditions. Pest Management Science, 62 (5): 452-455
  • Serttas, A., Cetin, H., 2013. Effect of Brood stock sex ratio on ovipositional performance of the predator, Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) under laboratory conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 23 (2): 315-318
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1985. Predation by Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae): evidence for a large impact on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae. The Canadian Entomologist, 117 (9): 1117-1126
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1988. Prey preferences of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) larvae and relationship of prey consumption to predator size. The Canadian Entomologist, 120 (10): 873-880
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1990. Experimental forest releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) gainst the gypsy moth. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (6): 2229-2234
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1993. Adult feeding affects fecundity of the predator, Calosoma sycophanta (Col.: Carabidae). Entomophaga, 38 (4): 435-439
  • Weseloh, R., Bernon, G., Butler, L., Fuester, R., McCullough, D., Stehr, F., 1995. Releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) near the edge of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) distribution. Environmental Entomology, 24 (6): 1713-1717

Biyolojik mücadelede Calosoma sycophanta’nın kitlesel üretimi için alternatif besin kaynağı olarak Musca domestica larvalarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 221 - 227, 15.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1780823

Abstract

Çalışmada, orman zararlılarına karşı biyolojik mücadelede kullanılan Calosoma sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)’nın kitlesel üretimi için alternatif besin kaynağı olarak ev sineği Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) larvalarının potansiyel kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, ev sineği larvalarıyla beslenen Calosoma erginlerinin yumurta üretim verimliliği ile birinci dönem Calosoma larvalarının laboratuvar koşullarındaki büyüme ve gelişimine odaklanmıştır. Bu gruplar, çam kese böceği (ÇKB) (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams, 1926)) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) ile beslenen Calosoma bireyleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, 16 gün sonunda birinci dönem C. sycophanta larvalarında anlamlı bir ağırlık artışı olduğunu göstermiştir: ÇKB ile beslenenlerde 52,9 kat, ev sineği larvalarıyla beslenenlerde ise 16 kat artış kaydedilmiştir. Boy uzunluğundaki büyüme açısından ise ÇKB ile beslenen larvalarda 4,52 kat ev sineği larvalarıyla beslenenlerde ise 3,06 kat artış gözlenmiştir. Larvalar M. domestica larvalarını tüketmiş olsalar da Calosoma erginleri yumurta üretmemiş ve larvalar pupaya geçememiştir. Buna karşılık, T. wilkinsoni ile beslenen Calosoma erginleri yumurta üretmiş ve bu yumurtalardan çıkan larvalar başarıyla ergin evreye ulaşmıştır. ÇKB ile beslenen larvaların %50’si, ev sineği larvalarıyla beslenenlerin ise %80’i 16. güne kadar yaşamıştır. Bulgular, ev sineği larvalarıyla beslenen Calosoma larvalarının ÇKB ile beslenenlere kıyasla daha küçük ve hafif olduğunu, ancak en az iki hafta ev sineği larvalarıyla beslendikten sonra larva döneminde doğaya salınmalarının ÇKB’ye karşı biyolojik mücadelede fayda sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma Orman Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

19.4703/2019-2020

References

  • Buck, M., Woodley, N.E., Borkent, A., Pape, T., Vockeroth, J.R., Marshall, S. A. 2009. Key to Diptera Families (Adults, p95-144). In: Manual of Central American Diptera (Eds. B. V. Brown, A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley, M. A. Zumbado). National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada
  • Bonamonte, D, Foti, C., Vestita, M., Angelini, G., 2013. Skin reactions to pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. The Scientific World Journal, 2013(3): 867431. Doi:10.1155/2013/867431
  • Burgess, A. F., 1911. Calosoma sycophanta: its life history, behavior and successful colonization in New England. US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin 101: 1-91
  • Ceylan, S., Argun, N., Cengiz, N., 2012. Avcı Böcek Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae)’nın Yetiştirilmesinde Spodoptera littoralis’in Kullanım Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi. İç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü. Teknik Bülten No: 294. Ankara
  • Evans, A.V., 2009. The forest caterpillar hunter, Calosoma sycophanta an old-world species confirmed as part of the Virginia beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Banisteria, 34: 33-37
  • Kanat, M., Özbolat, M., 2006. Mass production and release of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) used against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) in biological control. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30 (2): 181-185GDF, 2016. General Directorate of Forestry Strategic Plan 2017-2021, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • GDF, 2023. General Directorate of Forestry Strategic Plan 2024-2028, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Pureswaran, D. S., Roques, A., Battisti, A., 2018. Forest insects and climate change. Current Forestry Reports, 4: 35-50
  • Semiz, G., Cetin, H., Işık, K., Yanikoglu, A., 2006. Effectiveness of a naturally derived insecticide, spinosad, against the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) under laboratory conditions. Pest Management Science, 62 (5): 452-455
  • Serttas, A., Cetin, H., 2013. Effect of Brood stock sex ratio on ovipositional performance of the predator, Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) under laboratory conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 23 (2): 315-318
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1985. Predation by Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae): evidence for a large impact on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae. The Canadian Entomologist, 117 (9): 1117-1126
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1988. Prey preferences of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) larvae and relationship of prey consumption to predator size. The Canadian Entomologist, 120 (10): 873-880
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1990. Experimental forest releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) gainst the gypsy moth. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (6): 2229-2234
  • Weseloh, R. M., 1993. Adult feeding affects fecundity of the predator, Calosoma sycophanta (Col.: Carabidae). Entomophaga, 38 (4): 435-439
  • Weseloh, R., Bernon, G., Butler, L., Fuester, R., McCullough, D., Stehr, F., 1995. Releases of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae) near the edge of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) distribution. Environmental Entomology, 24 (6): 1713-1717
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Entomology and Forest Protection
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayhan Serttaş 0000-0002-5645-5392

Ümmühan Aslan Bıçkı 0000-0001-9944-7352

Hüseyin Çetin 0000-0002-9758-6356

Halil İbrahim Yolcu 0000-0002-9038-7485

Mitat Uyan 0000-0001-6219-4232

Project Number 19.4703/2019-2020
Early Pub Date November 21, 2025
Publication Date December 15, 2025
Submission Date September 10, 2025
Acceptance Date November 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Serttaş, A., Aslan Bıçkı, Ü., Çetin, H., … Yolcu, H. İ. (2025). Assessing Musca domestica larvae as an alternative nutrient source for the mass rearing of Calosoma sycophanta in biocontrol. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1780823
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