Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde İnovasyonun Belirleyicileri: Ampirik Bir Analiz

Abstract

İnovasyon günümüzde sürekli büyüme ve rekabet avantajı sağlamak için en temel faktör haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı inovasyonun nasıl ortaya çıktığını ve ortaya çıkışında hangi faktörlerin etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu faktörlerin gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde inovasyon sürecine etkisinin farklılaştığı ise bu çalışmanın yüzden gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan ülke örnekleri Dünya Bankası’nın kişi başına gayrisafi yurtiçi sınıflandırdığı ülke gruplarından seçilmiştir. Oluşturulan inovasyon modeli 26 gelişmiş ülke ve 18 gelişmekte olan ülke açısından 1998-2007 dönemi için dinamik EKK yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan teorik ve ampirik çalışmalardan yola çıkılarak belirlenen bağımsız değişkenler kişi başına GSYİH, Ar-Ge harcamaları, beşeri sermaye, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), dışa açıklık ve fikri mülkiyet hakları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olan inovasyonu temsilen ise yerli patent sayıları kullanılmıştır

Keywords

• Anahtar gelişmiş ülkeler, gelişmekte olan ülkeler, panel veri analizi

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