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Stratejik Performans Yönetiminin Unsuru Olarak Örgüt Kültürünü Ölçümleme Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalışma

Year 2010, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 219 - 235, 01.10.2010

Abstract

Bir örgüt için doğru stratejiyi tespit ederek örgütsel kültürün desteği ile uygulamaya geçire‐ bilmek uzun dönemli başarı için gerekli ve zorun‐ lu bir adımdır. Uzun vadede mevcut insan kay‐ naklarını, örgütsel amaçlar doğrultusunda moti‐ ve edebilmek için örgütsel bağlılığın geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. İşgörenlerin uzun vadede strate‐ jik hedeflere ulaşmada yaptıkları katkıyı açıkla‐ yabilmek için örgüt kültürünün gelişimini takip ederek bu sürecin yönetilmesine ihtiyaç duyul‐ maktadır. Böylelikle stratejik amaçlara ulaşmada nasıl bir örgüt kültürü oluşturulmak istendiği de işgörenlere açıklanabilecektir. Bu süreci bilinçli olarak yönetmek örgütte oluşabilecek kültürel boşlukları stratejik amaçlar doğrultusunda doldurmaya da katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, stratejik performans yönetiminin yaygın kulla‐ nım araçlarından biri olan Balanced Scorecard’ın boyutlarının altında örgüt kültürünün ölçüm‐ lenmesi önerilmektedir. Örgüt kültürünün, içsel süreçlerin verimliliğini doğrudan etkilemesinden dolayı Balanced Scorecard altında öğrenme ve gelişim boyutu altında değerlendirilmesinin daha uygun bir seçenek olacağı fikri edinilmiştir

References

  • Allen, R.F. ve F. J. Dyer (1980), “A Tool for Tapping the Organisational Unconscious”, Personnel Journal, March: 57‐63.
  • Amaratunga, D. ve D. Baldry (2002), “Moving From Performance Measurement to Performance Management”, Facilities Vol. 20 (5/6), 217‐223.
  • Athos A. (1968), Behevior In Organizations: Multidimensional View, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs.
  • Aycan, Z. (2000), “Impact of Culture on Human Resorce Management Practices: A 10‐ Contry Comparison”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49 (1), 192‐221.
  • Aycan, Z. ve R. Kanungo, (2000), “Toplumsal Kültürün Kurumsal Kültür ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları Üzerine Etkileri”, Aycan, Z. (Der.) Türkiye’de Yönetim, Liderlik ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları içinde, Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, 25‐53.
  • Berson, Y., S. Oreg ve T. Dvır (2008), “CEO Values, Organizational Culture And Firm Outcomes”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 615–633.
  • Bettinger, C. (1989), “Use Corporate Culture to Trigger High Performance”, Journal of Business Strategy, March‐April: 38‐42.
  • Christensen, E. W. ve G. G. Gordon (1999), “An Exploration of Industry, Culture and Revenue Growth”, Organization Studies, 20(3), 397‐422.
  • Davis, T. R. V. (1996), “Developing an Employee Balanced Screcard: Linking Frontline Performance to Corporate Objectives”, Management Decision, 34(4), 14‐18.
  • Deal T. E. ve A. A. Kennedy (1982), Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley.
  • Denisi, A. S. ve R. W. Griffin (2001), Human Resource Management, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Denison, D. R. (1990), Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Denison, D. ve A. K. Mishra (1995), “Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectivesness”, Organization Science, 6(2), 204‐223.
  • Denison, D. R. (1984). “Bringing Corporate Culture to the Bottom Line”, Organizational Dynamics, 13, 5‐22.
  • Dess, G. G., R. D. Ireland, S. A. Zahra ve S. W. Floyd (2003), “Emerging Issues in Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Management, 29, 351–378.
  • Dessler, G. (2000), Human Resource Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Fang, T. (2003), “A Critique of Hofstede’s Fifth National Culture Dimension”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management ,3(3), 347–368.
  • Fletcher, B. ve F. Jones (1992), “Measuring Organizational Culture: The Cultural Audit”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 7 (6), 30–6.
  • French, W.L. ve C.H. Bell (1984), Organization Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organization Improvement, (3rd. Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.
  • Geertz, C. (1973), The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, New York: Basic Books.
  • Gordon, G. G. ve W. M. Cummins (1979), Managing Management Climate, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
  • Gordon, G. G. (1988), The Relationship of Corporate Culture to İndustry Sector and Corporate Performance.
  • Harper, S. C. (2001), The Forward‐Focused Organization: Visionary Thinking and Breakthrough Leadership to Create Your Company’s Future, New York: AMACOM. Hibbard, J. (1998). “Cultural Breakthrough”, Informationweek, 701 (21 September), 44–55.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw‐Hill.
  • Hofstede, G., B. Neuijen, D. Daval Ohayv ve G. Sanders (1990), “Measuring Organizational Cultures: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Across Twenty Cases”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(2), 286‐316.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001), Culture Consequences; Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Accross Nations (2nd. Ed.), New York: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Ittner, C. D. ve D. F. Larcker (1998), “Innovations in Performance Measurement: Trends and Research Implications”, Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (1992), “The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that Drive Performance”, Harvard Business Review, January‐February.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (1996), Translating Strategy into Action: The Balanced Scorecard, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Kaplan R. ve D. Norton, (2003), Balanced Scorecard‐Şirket Stratejisini Eylem Dö‐ nüştürmek, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (2004), Strategy Maps, Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Outcomes, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
  • Kilmann, R. H., T. J. Covin (1988). Corporate Transformation. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass.
  • Kotter, J. P., J. L. Heskett (1992), Corporate Culture and Performance, New York: The Free Press.
  • Lok, P. ve J. Crawford (2004), “The Effect of Organisational Culture And Leadership Style On Job Satisfaction And Organisational Commitment A Cross‐ National Comparison”, Journal of Management Development, 23(4), 321–338.
  • Murat G. ve B. Açıkgöz (2007). “Yöneticilerin Örgüt Kültürü Algılamalarına İlişkin Bir Analiz: Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Örneği” , ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 1–20.
  • Nair, M. (2004), Essentials of Balance Scorecard, New Jersey: John & Wiley Sons. Inc.
  • Niven, P. R. (2002), Balanced Scorecard, Step‐By‐Step, Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results, London: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • O’Reilly, C. (1989), “Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Control in Organizations”, California Management Review, 31(4), 9‐25.
  • O’Reilly, C. (1991), “People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparisons Approach to Assessing Person‐Organization Fit”, Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487‐516.
  • Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985), Competitive Advantage, New York: The Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1996), “What is Strategy?”, Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61‐78.
  • Rashid, Z. A., M. Sambasivan ve J. Johari (2003), “The İnfuence Of Corporate Culture And Organisational Commitment On Performance, Journal of Management Development , 22 (8), 708 ‐ 728
  • Ritter, M. (2003), “The Use of Balanced Scorecard in the Strategic Management of Corporate Communication”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8(1), 44 – 59.
  • Robbins, S. P. (1990), Organisation Theory: Structure Design and Applications, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Rossiter, M. (1989), “Using Corporate Culture to Build Winning Organisations, Institute of Personnel Management Journal”, April, 14‐15.
  • Schein, E. H. (1990), ``Organizational Culture'', American Psychologist, 45, 109‐19.
  • Schein, E. H. (1992), Organisational Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: Jossey‐ Bass.
  • Trompenears, F. ve C. Hampden‐Turner (1998), Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business, New York: McGraw‐Hill.
  • Van Den Berg, P. T. ve C. P. M. Wilderom (2004), “Defining, Measuring, and Comparing Organisational Cultures Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53(4), 570–582.
  • Van Muijen, J. (1999), “Organizational Culture: The Focus Questionnaire”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 551‐568.
  • Wallach, E. J. (1983), “Individuals and Organizations: The Cultural Match”, Training and Development Journal, 37, 28‐36.
  • White, J. (1998), “Portrait of a Winning Corporate Culture”, Benefits Canada, 22(11), 13.
  • Yurdakul, A., F. Ülengin, Ö.Akgüç, H. Erkut, G. Pamuk, B. Ülengin ve H. Kosma, (1997), Stratejik Yönetim ve Senaryo Tekniği, İstanbul: İrfan Yayımcılık.

A Study on Measurement of Organizational Culture as an Element of Strategic Performance Management

Year 2010, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 219 - 235, 01.10.2010

Abstract

Determining correct strategy for an organization and applying it with the help of organizational culture is a necessary and compulsory step to be taken in order to achieve long term success. It is necessary to develop organizational commit‐ ment in order to motivate current human re‐ sources for the sake of organizational aims in long term. It is vital to observe the development of organizational culture and manage that process in order to interpret contributions of employees to long term strategic aims. As a result of that kind of a situation, what kind of an organization culture is desired for achieving strategic aims can be explained to employees. Managing that process consciously will also add contributions for repairing gaps at organizational culture in accordance with the strategic aims. In this study, measuring organizational culture via Balanced Scorecard, which is one of the widely used tools of strategic performance manage‐ ment, is proposed. Because of the fact that organizational culture affects efficiency of inter‐ nal processes directly, it is argued that it is more appropriate to evaluate under learning and growth dimensions of Balanced Scorecard.

References

  • Allen, R.F. ve F. J. Dyer (1980), “A Tool for Tapping the Organisational Unconscious”, Personnel Journal, March: 57‐63.
  • Amaratunga, D. ve D. Baldry (2002), “Moving From Performance Measurement to Performance Management”, Facilities Vol. 20 (5/6), 217‐223.
  • Athos A. (1968), Behevior In Organizations: Multidimensional View, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs.
  • Aycan, Z. (2000), “Impact of Culture on Human Resorce Management Practices: A 10‐ Contry Comparison”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49 (1), 192‐221.
  • Aycan, Z. ve R. Kanungo, (2000), “Toplumsal Kültürün Kurumsal Kültür ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları Üzerine Etkileri”, Aycan, Z. (Der.) Türkiye’de Yönetim, Liderlik ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları içinde, Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, 25‐53.
  • Berson, Y., S. Oreg ve T. Dvır (2008), “CEO Values, Organizational Culture And Firm Outcomes”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 615–633.
  • Bettinger, C. (1989), “Use Corporate Culture to Trigger High Performance”, Journal of Business Strategy, March‐April: 38‐42.
  • Christensen, E. W. ve G. G. Gordon (1999), “An Exploration of Industry, Culture and Revenue Growth”, Organization Studies, 20(3), 397‐422.
  • Davis, T. R. V. (1996), “Developing an Employee Balanced Screcard: Linking Frontline Performance to Corporate Objectives”, Management Decision, 34(4), 14‐18.
  • Deal T. E. ve A. A. Kennedy (1982), Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley.
  • Denisi, A. S. ve R. W. Griffin (2001), Human Resource Management, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Denison, D. R. (1990), Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Denison, D. ve A. K. Mishra (1995), “Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectivesness”, Organization Science, 6(2), 204‐223.
  • Denison, D. R. (1984). “Bringing Corporate Culture to the Bottom Line”, Organizational Dynamics, 13, 5‐22.
  • Dess, G. G., R. D. Ireland, S. A. Zahra ve S. W. Floyd (2003), “Emerging Issues in Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Management, 29, 351–378.
  • Dessler, G. (2000), Human Resource Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Fang, T. (2003), “A Critique of Hofstede’s Fifth National Culture Dimension”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management ,3(3), 347–368.
  • Fletcher, B. ve F. Jones (1992), “Measuring Organizational Culture: The Cultural Audit”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 7 (6), 30–6.
  • French, W.L. ve C.H. Bell (1984), Organization Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organization Improvement, (3rd. Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.
  • Geertz, C. (1973), The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, New York: Basic Books.
  • Gordon, G. G. ve W. M. Cummins (1979), Managing Management Climate, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
  • Gordon, G. G. (1988), The Relationship of Corporate Culture to İndustry Sector and Corporate Performance.
  • Harper, S. C. (2001), The Forward‐Focused Organization: Visionary Thinking and Breakthrough Leadership to Create Your Company’s Future, New York: AMACOM. Hibbard, J. (1998). “Cultural Breakthrough”, Informationweek, 701 (21 September), 44–55.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw‐Hill.
  • Hofstede, G., B. Neuijen, D. Daval Ohayv ve G. Sanders (1990), “Measuring Organizational Cultures: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Across Twenty Cases”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(2), 286‐316.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001), Culture Consequences; Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Accross Nations (2nd. Ed.), New York: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Ittner, C. D. ve D. F. Larcker (1998), “Innovations in Performance Measurement: Trends and Research Implications”, Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (1992), “The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that Drive Performance”, Harvard Business Review, January‐February.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (1996), Translating Strategy into Action: The Balanced Scorecard, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Kaplan R. ve D. Norton, (2003), Balanced Scorecard‐Şirket Stratejisini Eylem Dö‐ nüştürmek, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Kaplan, R. ve D. Norton (2004), Strategy Maps, Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Outcomes, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
  • Kilmann, R. H., T. J. Covin (1988). Corporate Transformation. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass.
  • Kotter, J. P., J. L. Heskett (1992), Corporate Culture and Performance, New York: The Free Press.
  • Lok, P. ve J. Crawford (2004), “The Effect of Organisational Culture And Leadership Style On Job Satisfaction And Organisational Commitment A Cross‐ National Comparison”, Journal of Management Development, 23(4), 321–338.
  • Murat G. ve B. Açıkgöz (2007). “Yöneticilerin Örgüt Kültürü Algılamalarına İlişkin Bir Analiz: Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Örneği” , ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 1–20.
  • Nair, M. (2004), Essentials of Balance Scorecard, New Jersey: John & Wiley Sons. Inc.
  • Niven, P. R. (2002), Balanced Scorecard, Step‐By‐Step, Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results, London: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • O’Reilly, C. (1989), “Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Control in Organizations”, California Management Review, 31(4), 9‐25.
  • O’Reilly, C. (1991), “People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparisons Approach to Assessing Person‐Organization Fit”, Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487‐516.
  • Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985), Competitive Advantage, New York: The Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1996), “What is Strategy?”, Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61‐78.
  • Rashid, Z. A., M. Sambasivan ve J. Johari (2003), “The İnfuence Of Corporate Culture And Organisational Commitment On Performance, Journal of Management Development , 22 (8), 708 ‐ 728
  • Ritter, M. (2003), “The Use of Balanced Scorecard in the Strategic Management of Corporate Communication”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8(1), 44 – 59.
  • Robbins, S. P. (1990), Organisation Theory: Structure Design and Applications, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Rossiter, M. (1989), “Using Corporate Culture to Build Winning Organisations, Institute of Personnel Management Journal”, April, 14‐15.
  • Schein, E. H. (1990), ``Organizational Culture'', American Psychologist, 45, 109‐19.
  • Schein, E. H. (1992), Organisational Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: Jossey‐ Bass.
  • Trompenears, F. ve C. Hampden‐Turner (1998), Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business, New York: McGraw‐Hill.
  • Van Den Berg, P. T. ve C. P. M. Wilderom (2004), “Defining, Measuring, and Comparing Organisational Cultures Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53(4), 570–582.
  • Van Muijen, J. (1999), “Organizational Culture: The Focus Questionnaire”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 551‐568.
  • Wallach, E. J. (1983), “Individuals and Organizations: The Cultural Match”, Training and Development Journal, 37, 28‐36.
  • White, J. (1998), “Portrait of a Winning Corporate Culture”, Benefits Canada, 22(11), 13.
  • Yurdakul, A., F. Ülengin, Ö.Akgüç, H. Erkut, G. Pamuk, B. Ülengin ve H. Kosma, (1997), Stratejik Yönetim ve Senaryo Tekniği, İstanbul: İrfan Yayımcılık.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Köksal Büyük This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Büyük, K. (2010). Stratejik Performans Yönetiminin Unsuru Olarak Örgüt Kültürünü Ölçümleme Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(2), 219-235.