AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ

Bekir Barış Erçelik; Bahadır Doğan

doi:10.31796/ogummf.1388761

Research Article

EFFECT OF USE OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS INSTEAD OF DIESEL IN HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES ON FUEL CONSUMPTION

Year 2024, , 1204 - 1214, 22.04.2024

Bekir Barış Erçelik , Bahadır Doğan

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1388761

Abstract

In this study, the performance of a heavy commercial vehicle has been experimentally investigated in the case of an engine with diesel and liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel. During the tests, a 338-kW motor with Euro VI norms is used in both vehicles. The vehicles with a total weight of 41000 kg were subjected to free deceleration from 85 km/h to 20 km/h and acceleration from take-off to 85 km/h on a straight road without slope. Besides, the average fuel consumption costs of the vehicles used on a total route of 263.4 km consisting of 164.3 km of motorways, 44.4 km of rural roads, and 54.7 km of urban roads were calculated. According to the results, the fuel cost for 100 km of an LNG-fueled vehicle was calculated as 1003.58 TL and for a diesel vehicle as 1359.32 TL. Even if the predicted first sale cost of the LNG-fueled vehicle will be 30% more expensive, it is understood that the 27% fuel saving is a significant result for a long-distance vehicle.

Keywords

Diesel, Liquefied natural gas, LNG, Fuel consumption, Fuel economy

References

Arteconi, A., Brandoni, C., Evangelista, D. ve Polonara, F. (2010). Life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis of LNG as a heavy vehicle fuel in Europe. Applied Energy, 87(6), 2005-2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.012
Atabani, A. E., Badruddin, I. A., Mekhilef, S. ve Silitonga, A. S. (2011). A review on global fuel economy standards, labels, and technologies in the transportation sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(9), 4586-4610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.092
Chen, Z., Zhang, F., Xu, B., Zhang, Q. ve Liu, J. (2017). Influence of methane content on a LNG heavy-duty engine with high compression ratio. Energy, 128, 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.039
Enerdata. (2014). Effect of price reforms on the demand of LNG in transport in China. Erişim adresi: https://www.enerdata.net/publications/executive-briefing/china-lng-price-reforms-effets.html
Engerer, H. ve Horn M. (2010). Natural gas vehicles: An option for Europe. Energy Policy, 38(2), 1017-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.054
Erçelik, B. B. (2021). Ağır Ticari Araçlarda Dizel Yakıt Yerine Sıvılaştırılmış Doğal Gaz (LNG) Kullanımının Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
European Commission. (2013). Clean Power for Transport: A European alternative fuels strategy. European Commission, Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2013:0017:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission. (2016). Review study on the Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 on the labelling of tyres. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/Study%20in%20support%20of%20the%20Review%20of%20the%20Tyre%20Labelling%20Regulation_final.pdf
European Commission. (2020). Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of regions on an EU strategy for liquefied natural gas and gas storage. European Commission, Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ac9cd214-53c6-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
Hao, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, F. ve Li, W. (2016). Natural gas as vehicle fuel in China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 521-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.015
He, F., Li, Y. M., Wu, H. B. ve Li, H. (2013). A Performance Study of Coke Oven Gas Vehicle. Advanced Materials Research, 724-725, 1201-1205. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.724-725.1201
Ligterink, N. E., Mensch, P., Cuelenaere, R. F. A., Hausberger, S., Leitner, D. ve Silberholz, G. (2015). Correction algorithms for WLTP chassis dynamometer and coast-down testing. Erişim adresi:https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/transport/vehicles/docs/wltp_correction_algorithms_en.pdf
Moriarty, P. ve Honnery, D. (2016). Global Transport Energy Consumption. Içinde Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia (1., ss. 651-656). New Jersey, USA: John Wiley ve Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch61
NGV Global. (2019). Current Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics. Erişim adresi: https://www.iangv.org/current-ngv-stats/
Nwafor, O. M. I. (2000). Effect of advanced injection timing on the performance of natural gas in diesel engines. Sadhana, 25(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02703803
Official Journal of the European Union. (2014). Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Official Journal of the European Union. Erişim adresi:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0094vefrom=EN
Osorio-Tejada, J. L., Llera-Sastresa, E. ve Scarpellini, S. (2017). A multi-criteria sustainability assessment for biodiesel and liquefied natural gas as alternative fuels in transport systems. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 42, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.02.046
Smajla, I., Karasalihović Sedlar, D., Drljača, B. ve Jukić, L. (2019). Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic. Energies, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030515
Song, H., Ou, X., Yuan, J., Yu, M. ve Wang, C. (2017). Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of diesel/LNG heavy-duty vehicle fleets in China based on a bottom-up model analysis. Energy, 140, 966-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.011
Tabak, J. (2009). Natural Gas and Hydrogen. New York, USA: Infobase Publishing.
Tang, Q., Fu, J., Liu, J., Zhou, F., Yuan, Z. ve Xu, Z. (2016). Performance improvement of liquefied natural gas (LNG) engine through intake air supply. Applied Thermal Engineering, 103, 1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.031
The International Council on Clean Transportation. (2018). Fuel consumption testing of tractor trailers in the European Union and the United States. European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EU_HDV_Testing_BriefingPaper_20180515a.pdf
Thiruvengadam, A., Carder, D. K., Krishnamurthy, M. ve Gautam, M. (2010). Comparison of Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from a Fleet of Multi-Fuel Solid Resource Collection Vehicles. ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 139-147. San Antonio, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35053
United Nations. (2017). World Population Prospects. United Nations. Erişim adresi: https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_Volume-I_Comprehensive-Tables.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (1999). Using LNG as a Fuel in Heavy-Duty Tractors. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/24146.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (1996). Alternative Fuel Transit Buses. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/transbus.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2000a). Dallas Area Rapid Transits’s LNG Bus Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/28124.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2000b). Raley’s LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/27678.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2001). Waste Management’s LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/29073.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2004). Norcal Prototype LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/35427.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2016). International Energy Outlook 2016. Erişim adresi: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2016).pdf
World Energy Council. (2011). Global Transport Scenarios 2050. World Energy Council. Erişim adresi:https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/downloads/wec_transport_scenarios_2050.pdf
Yan, F., Xu, B., Liu, N. ve Zheng, Z. (2016). Study on the Construction of an Urban Liquefied Natural Gas Bus and Its Cold Energy Recovery. Energy Procedia, 104, 515-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.087
Yeh, S. (2007). An empirical analysis on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: The case of natural gas vehicles. Energy Policy, 35(11), 5865-5875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.06.012
Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Liu, H., Huang, R., Yang, L., Li, Z., Fu, L. ve Hao, J. (2014). Real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of urban public buses in Beijing. Applied Energy, 113, 1645-1655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.017

AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2024, , 1204 - 1214, 22.04.2024

Bekir Barış Erçelik , Bahadır Doğan

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1388761

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ağır ticari araç sınıfında yer alan bir çekicinin performansı dizel ve sıvılaştırılmış doğal gaz (LNG) yakıtlı bir motora sahip olması durumunda deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Testler sırasında her iki çekicide Euro VI normlarına sahip 338 kW gücünde motor kullanılmıştır. Araçlar toplam 41000 kg ağırlıkta eğimsiz düz bir yolda kullanılarak 85 km/h hızdan 20 km/h hıza serbest yavaşlama ve kalkıştan 85 km/h hıza ulaşana kadar hızlanma testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca 164,3 km’si otoyol, 44,4 km’si kırsal yol ve 54,7 km’si şehir içi yol olmak üzere toplam 263,4 km’den oluşan bir güzergâhta kullanılan araçların ortalama yakıt tüketim maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, LNG yakıtlı aracın 100 km için yakıt maliyeti 1003,58 TL dizel aracın ise 1359,32 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. LNG yakıtlı aracın ilk satış maliyetinin %30 daha pahalı olacağı öngörüldüğünde bile elde edilmiş olan %27 oranındaki yakıt tasarrufunun uzun yol kullanılan bir araç için kayda değer bir sonuç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Dizel, Sıvılaştırılmış Doğal Gaz, LNG, Yakıt Tüketimi, Yakıt Ekonomisi

Supporting Institution

BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi

Thanks

Yazarlar bu çalışmaya olan destekleri için BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi’ne teşekkür etmektedir.

References

Arteconi, A., Brandoni, C., Evangelista, D. ve Polonara, F. (2010). Life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis of LNG as a heavy vehicle fuel in Europe. Applied Energy, 87(6), 2005-2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.012
Atabani, A. E., Badruddin, I. A., Mekhilef, S. ve Silitonga, A. S. (2011). A review on global fuel economy standards, labels, and technologies in the transportation sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(9), 4586-4610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.092
Chen, Z., Zhang, F., Xu, B., Zhang, Q. ve Liu, J. (2017). Influence of methane content on a LNG heavy-duty engine with high compression ratio. Energy, 128, 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.039
Enerdata. (2014). Effect of price reforms on the demand of LNG in transport in China. Erişim adresi: https://www.enerdata.net/publications/executive-briefing/china-lng-price-reforms-effets.html
Engerer, H. ve Horn M. (2010). Natural gas vehicles: An option for Europe. Energy Policy, 38(2), 1017-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.054
Erçelik, B. B. (2021). Ağır Ticari Araçlarda Dizel Yakıt Yerine Sıvılaştırılmış Doğal Gaz (LNG) Kullanımının Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
European Commission. (2013). Clean Power for Transport: A European alternative fuels strategy. European Commission, Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2013:0017:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission. (2016). Review study on the Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 on the labelling of tyres. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/Study%20in%20support%20of%20the%20Review%20of%20the%20Tyre%20Labelling%20Regulation_final.pdf
European Commission. (2020). Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of regions on an EU strategy for liquefied natural gas and gas storage. European Commission, Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ac9cd214-53c6-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
Hao, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, F. ve Li, W. (2016). Natural gas as vehicle fuel in China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 521-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.015
He, F., Li, Y. M., Wu, H. B. ve Li, H. (2013). A Performance Study of Coke Oven Gas Vehicle. Advanced Materials Research, 724-725, 1201-1205. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.724-725.1201
Ligterink, N. E., Mensch, P., Cuelenaere, R. F. A., Hausberger, S., Leitner, D. ve Silberholz, G. (2015). Correction algorithms for WLTP chassis dynamometer and coast-down testing. Erişim adresi:https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/transport/vehicles/docs/wltp_correction_algorithms_en.pdf
Moriarty, P. ve Honnery, D. (2016). Global Transport Energy Consumption. Içinde Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia (1., ss. 651-656). New Jersey, USA: John Wiley ve Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch61
NGV Global. (2019). Current Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics. Erişim adresi: https://www.iangv.org/current-ngv-stats/
Nwafor, O. M. I. (2000). Effect of advanced injection timing on the performance of natural gas in diesel engines. Sadhana, 25(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02703803
Official Journal of the European Union. (2014). Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Official Journal of the European Union. Erişim adresi:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0094vefrom=EN
Osorio-Tejada, J. L., Llera-Sastresa, E. ve Scarpellini, S. (2017). A multi-criteria sustainability assessment for biodiesel and liquefied natural gas as alternative fuels in transport systems. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 42, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.02.046
Smajla, I., Karasalihović Sedlar, D., Drljača, B. ve Jukić, L. (2019). Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic. Energies, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030515
Song, H., Ou, X., Yuan, J., Yu, M. ve Wang, C. (2017). Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of diesel/LNG heavy-duty vehicle fleets in China based on a bottom-up model analysis. Energy, 140, 966-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.011
Tabak, J. (2009). Natural Gas and Hydrogen. New York, USA: Infobase Publishing.
Tang, Q., Fu, J., Liu, J., Zhou, F., Yuan, Z. ve Xu, Z. (2016). Performance improvement of liquefied natural gas (LNG) engine through intake air supply. Applied Thermal Engineering, 103, 1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.031
The International Council on Clean Transportation. (2018). Fuel consumption testing of tractor trailers in the European Union and the United States. European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EU_HDV_Testing_BriefingPaper_20180515a.pdf
Thiruvengadam, A., Carder, D. K., Krishnamurthy, M. ve Gautam, M. (2010). Comparison of Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from a Fleet of Multi-Fuel Solid Resource Collection Vehicles. ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 139-147. San Antonio, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35053
United Nations. (2017). World Population Prospects. United Nations. Erişim adresi: https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_Volume-I_Comprehensive-Tables.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (1999). Using LNG as a Fuel in Heavy-Duty Tractors. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/24146.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (1996). Alternative Fuel Transit Buses. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/transbus.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2000a). Dallas Area Rapid Transits’s LNG Bus Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/28124.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2000b). Raley’s LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/27678.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2001). Waste Management’s LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/29073.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2004). Norcal Prototype LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results. Oak Ridge: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Erişim adresi: https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/35427.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2016). International Energy Outlook 2016. Erişim adresi: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2016).pdf
World Energy Council. (2011). Global Transport Scenarios 2050. World Energy Council. Erişim adresi:https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/downloads/wec_transport_scenarios_2050.pdf
Yan, F., Xu, B., Liu, N. ve Zheng, Z. (2016). Study on the Construction of an Urban Liquefied Natural Gas Bus and Its Cold Energy Recovery. Energy Procedia, 104, 515-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.087
Yeh, S. (2007). An empirical analysis on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: The case of natural gas vehicles. Energy Policy, 35(11), 5865-5875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.06.012
Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Liu, H., Huang, R., Yang, L., Li, Z., Fu, L. ve Hao, J. (2014). Real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of urban public buses in Beijing. Applied Energy, 113, 1645-1655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.017

There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Bekir Barış Erçelik 0000-0001-9573-3677 Bahadır Doğan 0000-0003-4648-1375
Early Pub Date	April 22, 2024
Publication Date	April 22, 2024
Submission Date	November 13, 2023
Acceptance Date	February 8, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024

Cite

APA	Erçelik, B. B., & Doğan, B. (2024). AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 1204-1214. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1388761
AMA	Erçelik BB, Doğan B. AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. April 2024;32(1):1204-1214. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1388761
Chicago	Erçelik, Bekir Barış, and Bahadır Doğan. “AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32, no. 1 (April 2024): 1204-14. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1388761.
EndNote	Erçelik BB, Doğan B (April 1, 2024) AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32 1 1204–1214.
IEEE	B. B. Erçelik and B. Doğan, “AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1204–1214, 2024, doi: 10.31796/ogummf.1388761.
ISNAD	Erçelik, Bekir Barış - Doğan, Bahadır. “AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32/1 (April 2024), 1204-1214. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1388761.
JAMA	Erçelik BB, Doğan B. AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32:1204–1214.
MLA	Erçelik, Bekir Barış and Bahadır Doğan. “AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1204-1, doi:10.31796/ogummf.1388761.
Vancouver	Erçelik BB, Doğan B. AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA DİZEL YERİNE SIVILAŞTIRILMIŞ DOĞAL GAZ KULLANIMININ YAKIT TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32(1):1204-1.

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