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PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 1269 - 1278, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1368927

Abstract

Sırlı porselen karolar yüksek teknik özellikleri ile yapı malzemeleri için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu teknik özellikleri üretim süreci ve kullanılan hammaddelere bağlıdır. Hammadde seçimi dışında özellikleri en belirleyici üretim süreç aşamaları şekillendirme ve pişirmedir. Yapılan çalışmada presleme basıncına bağlı olarak fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin değişiminin yanında imaj analizi ile por yapıları ve dağılımları incelenmiş ve özellikler üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada 350, 400, 450 ve 500 bar basınç uygulanarak 60X60cm ebatlarında porselen karo şekillendirilmiş ve işletme fırınında 39dak. 1200oC’de pişirilmiştir. Karoların pişme çekmesi, su emme, yoğunluk, sertlik ve mukavemet testleri ile fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. XRD ve SEM ile karakterizasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapının albit, kuvars, müllit ve amorf fazlardan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. 350 bar’dan 450 bar’a kadar uygulanan presleme basınçlarındaki artış ile birlikte fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerde iyileşme gözlenmiş, 450 bar ‘dan 500 bar’a değişimde ise kayda değer bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Porozite miktarı, ortalama por boyutları ve por aspect oranlarında artan basınç ile birlikte azalma tespit edilmiştir. 400 bar’a kadar uygulanan basınçlarda porların düzensiz şekilli ve birbirine bağlı gözeneklerden oluştuğu görülmektedir. 450 bar ve üzerinde ise porozite ve por boyutlarının azaldığı, daha küresel şekillerden oluştuğu ve birbiri ile olan bağlantılarının azaldığı görülmektedir. Por boyut dağılımlarındaki ve aspect oranlarındaki azalma mukavemet ve bulk yoğunluktaki artışı desteklemiştir. Presleme basıncının 450 bar ve üzerinde gerçekleştirilmesi daha üstün özelliklere sahip porselen karo üretimini mümkün kılar. Yapılan çalışma por boyut dağılımları ve aspect oranlarının imaj analizi kullanılarak hesaplanması yönteminin farklı çalışmalarda üretim süreç değişkenlerinin daha etkin bir şekilde belirlenmesinde başarılı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Ethical Statement

Yazarlar tarafından herhangi bir çıkar çatışması beyan edilmemiştir.

Thanks

Yazar çalışmaya sağladığı destek için Bien Yapı Ürünleri San. Turz. ve Tic A.Ş (Bozüyük)’ye ve karakterizasyonlar için Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Mazlzeme Bilimi ve Mühendisliği bölümüne teşekkür eder.

References

  • Al-Shantir, O., Csáki, Š., Veverka, J. ve Trník, A. (2019). The influence of compression pressure on thermal expansion, bulk density, and Young’s modulus of electroporcelain mixture up to 1100 °C. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 138(3), 2035–2042. doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08490-4
  • Al-Shantir, O. ve Trník, A. (2017). Influence of compression pressure on Young’s modulus of ceramic samples. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1866(July). doi:10.1063/1.4994481
  • Alves, H. J., Freitas, M. R., Melchiades, F. G. ve Boschi, A. O. (2011). Dependence of surface porosity on the polishing depth of porcelain stoneware tiles. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31(5), 665–671. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.11.028
  • Chin, C. L., Ahmad, Z. A., Jamaludin, A. R. ve Sow, S. S. (2018). Role of moisturising and pressing pressure on ceramic tile properties. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 54(1), 81–89. doi:10.1007/s41779-017-0129-4
  • Chitwaree, S., Tiansuwan, J., Thavarungkul, N. ve Punsukumtana, L. (2018). Energy saving in sintering of porcelain stoneware tile manufacturing by using recycled glass and pottery stone as substitute materials. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 11(December 2017), 81–88. doi:10.1016/j.csite.2018.01.002
  • De Noni, A., Hotza, D., Cantavella Soler, V. ve Sánchez Vilches, E. (2011). Influence of composition on mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile. Part III: Effect of the cooling rate of the firing cycle. Materials Science and Engineering A, 528(9), 3330–3336. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.086
  • De Noni, A., Hotza, D., Soler, V. C. ve Vilches, E. S. (2010). Influence of composition on mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile. Part II: Mechanical properties and microscopic residual stress. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(7–8), 1736–1743. doi:10.1016/J.MSEA.2009.10.060
  • De Noni Junior, A., Hotza, D., Cantavella Soler, V. ve Sanchez Vilches, E. (2008). INFLUENCE OF PORCELAIN TILE STARTING COMPOSITION ON TILE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. CASTELLÓN, 61–73. https://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0823063e.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Eren, E., Ozturk, Z. B. ve Kurama, S. (2014). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Image Analyses for Porosity Characterization of Porcelain Tiles with Different Thickness Farklı Kalınlıklardaki Porselen Karoların Gözenek Karakterizasyonu için Görüntü Analizi Programlarını, 14, 147–151.
  • Gültekin, E. E., Topateş, G. ve Kurama, S. (2017). The effects of sintering temperature on phase and pore evolution in porcelain tiles. Ceramics International, 43(14), 11511–11515. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.024
  • Ke, S., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Q. ve Pan, Z. (2013). Effect of microstructure on cutting processability of porcelain tile subjected to different fi ring cycles. Ceramics International, 39(7), 7943–7949. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.03.058
  • Leonelli, C., Bondioli, F., Veronesi, P., Romagnoli, M., Manfredini, T., Pellacani, G. C. ve Cannillo, V. (2001). Enhancing the mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware tiles: A microstructural approach. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 21(6), 785–793. doi:10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00266-1
  • López, S. Y. R., Rodríguez, J. S. ve Sueyoshi, S. S. (2011). Determination of the activation energy for densification of porcelain stoneware. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 12(3), 228–232. doi:10.36410/JCPR.2011.12.3.228
  • Martín-márquez, J., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2010). Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware, 30, 3063–3069. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.07.015
  • Martín-Márquez, J., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2008). Effect of firing temperature on sintering of porcelain stoneware tiles. Ceramics International, 34(8), 1867–1873. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.06.006
  • Martín-Márquez, Jorge, De La Torre, A. G., Aranda, M. A. G., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2009). Evolution with temperature of crystalline and amorphous phases in porcelain stoneware. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 92(1), 229–234. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02862.x
  • Martín-Márquez, Jorge, Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2010). Mullite development on firing in porcelain stoneware bodies. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 30(7), 1599–1607. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.01.002
  • Noni, A. De, Hotza, D., Cantavella, V. ve Sanchez, E. (2009). Effect of quartz particle size on the mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile subjected to different cooling rates ଝ , ଝଝ, 29, 1039–1046. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.052
  • Oruru, B. (2019). Microstructure and Residual Stress Effect on the Flexural Strength of Porcelain Tiles Formulated from Locally Available Materials in Uganda, 1(1), 1–10.
  • Ozturk, Z. B. ve Ay, N. (2014). Investigation of porosity of ceramic tiles by means of image analysis method. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 15(6), 393–397.
  • Pérez, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2014). Microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware tiles moulded at different pressures and thicknesses. Ceramics International, 40(1 PART B), 1365–1377. doi:10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2013.07.018
  • Pérez, Juan M., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2012). Effect of moulding pressure on microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware. Ceramics International, 38(1), 317–325. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.07.009
  • Romero, M. ve Pérez, J. M. (2015). Relation between the microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware. A review. Materiales de Construccion, 65(320). doi:10.3989/mc.2015.05915
  • Sánchez, E., García-Ten, J., Sanz, V. ve Moreno, A. (2010). Porcelain tile: Almost 30 years of steady scientific-technological evolution. Ceramics International, 36(3), 831–845. https://www.academia.edu/23297956/Porcelain_tile_Almost_30_years_of_steady_scientific_technological_evolution adresinden erişildi.
  • Sánchez, E., Ibáñez, M. J., García-Ten, J., Quereda, M. F., Hutchings, I. M. ve Xu, Y. M. (2006). Porcelain tile microstructure: Implications for polished tile properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26(13), 2533–2540. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.06.002
  • Subota, І., Spasonova, L. ve Sholom, А. (2021). Influence of forming pressure on frost resistance of ceramics. Technology audit and production reserves, 2(1(58)), 15–20. doi:10.15587/2706-5448.2021.229172
  • Zanelli, C., Raimondo, M., Guarini, G. ve Dondi, M. (2011). The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357(16–17), 3251–3260. doi:10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2011.05.020

EFFECT OF PRESSING PRESSURE ON THE PORE STRUCTURE OF GLAZED PORCELAIN TILE

Year 2024, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 1269 - 1278, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1368927

Abstract

Glazed porcelain tiles are important building materials with their superior technical properties. These technical properties depend on the manufacturing process and raw materials used. The most decisive manufacturing process stages are shaping and firing. In this study, the change in physical and mechanical properties depended on pressing pressure, in addition to pore structures and distributions were examined by image analysis and their effects on properties were determined. Porcelain tiles measuring 60x60cm were molded using pressures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 bars and fired at 1200°C for 39 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties of the tiles were determined by firing shrinkage, water absorption, density, hardness and bending strength tests. XRD and SEM characterizations were performed. It was determined that the structure consists of albite, quartz, mullite and amorphous phases. When the pressing pressure was increased from 350 bar to 450 bar, an improvement in physical and mechanical properties was observed, but no significant change was detected from 450 bar to 500 bar. At pressures up to 400 bar, it is observed that the pores are composed of irregularly shaped and interconnected pores. The porosity and pore sizes decrease with increasing pressure, they are more spherical in shape and have fewer interconnections with each other. The pressing pressure of 450 bar and above enables the production of porcelain tiles with superior properties. The study shows that the method of calculating pore size distributions and aspect ratios using image analysis can be used successfully to different studies to determine process variables.

References

  • Al-Shantir, O., Csáki, Š., Veverka, J. ve Trník, A. (2019). The influence of compression pressure on thermal expansion, bulk density, and Young’s modulus of electroporcelain mixture up to 1100 °C. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 138(3), 2035–2042. doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08490-4
  • Al-Shantir, O. ve Trník, A. (2017). Influence of compression pressure on Young’s modulus of ceramic samples. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1866(July). doi:10.1063/1.4994481
  • Alves, H. J., Freitas, M. R., Melchiades, F. G. ve Boschi, A. O. (2011). Dependence of surface porosity on the polishing depth of porcelain stoneware tiles. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31(5), 665–671. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.11.028
  • Chin, C. L., Ahmad, Z. A., Jamaludin, A. R. ve Sow, S. S. (2018). Role of moisturising and pressing pressure on ceramic tile properties. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 54(1), 81–89. doi:10.1007/s41779-017-0129-4
  • Chitwaree, S., Tiansuwan, J., Thavarungkul, N. ve Punsukumtana, L. (2018). Energy saving in sintering of porcelain stoneware tile manufacturing by using recycled glass and pottery stone as substitute materials. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 11(December 2017), 81–88. doi:10.1016/j.csite.2018.01.002
  • De Noni, A., Hotza, D., Cantavella Soler, V. ve Sánchez Vilches, E. (2011). Influence of composition on mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile. Part III: Effect of the cooling rate of the firing cycle. Materials Science and Engineering A, 528(9), 3330–3336. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.086
  • De Noni, A., Hotza, D., Soler, V. C. ve Vilches, E. S. (2010). Influence of composition on mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile. Part II: Mechanical properties and microscopic residual stress. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(7–8), 1736–1743. doi:10.1016/J.MSEA.2009.10.060
  • De Noni Junior, A., Hotza, D., Cantavella Soler, V. ve Sanchez Vilches, E. (2008). INFLUENCE OF PORCELAIN TILE STARTING COMPOSITION ON TILE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. CASTELLÓN, 61–73. https://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0823063e.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Eren, E., Ozturk, Z. B. ve Kurama, S. (2014). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Image Analyses for Porosity Characterization of Porcelain Tiles with Different Thickness Farklı Kalınlıklardaki Porselen Karoların Gözenek Karakterizasyonu için Görüntü Analizi Programlarını, 14, 147–151.
  • Gültekin, E. E., Topateş, G. ve Kurama, S. (2017). The effects of sintering temperature on phase and pore evolution in porcelain tiles. Ceramics International, 43(14), 11511–11515. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.024
  • Ke, S., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Q. ve Pan, Z. (2013). Effect of microstructure on cutting processability of porcelain tile subjected to different fi ring cycles. Ceramics International, 39(7), 7943–7949. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.03.058
  • Leonelli, C., Bondioli, F., Veronesi, P., Romagnoli, M., Manfredini, T., Pellacani, G. C. ve Cannillo, V. (2001). Enhancing the mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware tiles: A microstructural approach. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 21(6), 785–793. doi:10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00266-1
  • López, S. Y. R., Rodríguez, J. S. ve Sueyoshi, S. S. (2011). Determination of the activation energy for densification of porcelain stoneware. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 12(3), 228–232. doi:10.36410/JCPR.2011.12.3.228
  • Martín-márquez, J., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2010). Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware, 30, 3063–3069. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.07.015
  • Martín-Márquez, J., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2008). Effect of firing temperature on sintering of porcelain stoneware tiles. Ceramics International, 34(8), 1867–1873. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.06.006
  • Martín-Márquez, Jorge, De La Torre, A. G., Aranda, M. A. G., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2009). Evolution with temperature of crystalline and amorphous phases in porcelain stoneware. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 92(1), 229–234. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02862.x
  • Martín-Márquez, Jorge, Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2010). Mullite development on firing in porcelain stoneware bodies. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 30(7), 1599–1607. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.01.002
  • Noni, A. De, Hotza, D., Cantavella, V. ve Sanchez, E. (2009). Effect of quartz particle size on the mechanical behaviour of porcelain tile subjected to different cooling rates ଝ , ଝଝ, 29, 1039–1046. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.052
  • Oruru, B. (2019). Microstructure and Residual Stress Effect on the Flexural Strength of Porcelain Tiles Formulated from Locally Available Materials in Uganda, 1(1), 1–10.
  • Ozturk, Z. B. ve Ay, N. (2014). Investigation of porosity of ceramic tiles by means of image analysis method. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 15(6), 393–397.
  • Pérez, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2014). Microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware tiles moulded at different pressures and thicknesses. Ceramics International, 40(1 PART B), 1365–1377. doi:10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2013.07.018
  • Pérez, Juan M., Rincón, J. M. ve Romero, M. (2012). Effect of moulding pressure on microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware. Ceramics International, 38(1), 317–325. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.07.009
  • Romero, M. ve Pérez, J. M. (2015). Relation between the microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware. A review. Materiales de Construccion, 65(320). doi:10.3989/mc.2015.05915
  • Sánchez, E., García-Ten, J., Sanz, V. ve Moreno, A. (2010). Porcelain tile: Almost 30 years of steady scientific-technological evolution. Ceramics International, 36(3), 831–845. https://www.academia.edu/23297956/Porcelain_tile_Almost_30_years_of_steady_scientific_technological_evolution adresinden erişildi.
  • Sánchez, E., Ibáñez, M. J., García-Ten, J., Quereda, M. F., Hutchings, I. M. ve Xu, Y. M. (2006). Porcelain tile microstructure: Implications for polished tile properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26(13), 2533–2540. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.06.002
  • Subota, І., Spasonova, L. ve Sholom, А. (2021). Influence of forming pressure on frost resistance of ceramics. Technology audit and production reserves, 2(1(58)), 15–20. doi:10.15587/2706-5448.2021.229172
  • Zanelli, C., Raimondo, M., Guarini, G. ve Dondi, M. (2011). The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357(16–17), 3251–3260. doi:10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2011.05.020
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Material Production Technologies, Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zuhal Yılmaz 0000-0002-2280-6326

Early Pub Date August 6, 2024
Publication Date August 12, 2024
Acceptance Date May 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz, Z. (2024). PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 1269-1278. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1368927
AMA Yılmaz Z. PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. August 2024;32(2):1269-1278. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1368927
Chicago Yılmaz, Zuhal. “PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32, no. 2 (August 2024): 1269-78. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1368927.
EndNote Yılmaz Z (August 1, 2024) PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32 2 1269–1278.
IEEE Z. Yılmaz, “PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1269–1278, 2024, doi: 10.31796/ogummf.1368927.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Zuhal. “PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32/2 (August 2024), 1269-1278. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1368927.
JAMA Yılmaz Z. PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32:1269–1278.
MLA Yılmaz, Zuhal. “PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 2, 2024, pp. 1269-78, doi:10.31796/ogummf.1368927.
Vancouver Yılmaz Z. PRESLEME BASINCININ SIRLI PORSELEN KARO GÖZENEK YAPISINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32(2):1269-78.

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