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INFLUENCE OF WASTE FACE MASK ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST STRENGTH AND SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY OF LOW PLASTICITY CLAY

Year 2024, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 1297 - 1306, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1407114

Abstract

Use of disposable face masks has increased significantly around the world with the Covid-19 pandemic. While the increase in these used masks poses a great threat to the environment, their disposal has also emerged as a problem. It was thought that the use of face masks in soil improvement would be a method to solve this problem. Therefore, 0.5*3 cm sized face masks were added to low plasticity clay with a ratio of 0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1%. Samples are prepared at different unit weights. Unconfined compression and bender element tests are conducted to determine the effects of face masks to strength and small strain stiffness. Unconfined compression test results showed that the face mask inclusion increased the strength up to a certain extent and then decreased the strength. Shear wave velocity of the samples decreased for high unit weights but, increased initially and then decreased in case of low unit weight samples.

References

  • Ak, Ö. (2020). “COVID-19’un Başka Bir Sonucu: Plastik Salgını”, TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 2020(10), 26-35.
  • Anadolu Agency. (2021). “Dünyada 2020'de bir dakikada 3 milyon maske kullanıldı” https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/info/infografik/25449 Last Accessed: December 12, 2023
  • Anbazhagan, P., Uday, A., Moustafa, S. S., & Al-Arifi, N. S. (2016). Correlation of densities with shear wave velocities and SPT N values. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 13(3), 320-341.
  • ASTM D4318. (2018). “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken-PA, USA.
  • ASTM D854. (2014). “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken-PA, USA.
  • ASTM D8295-19. (2019). “Standard Test Method for Determination of Shear Wave Velocity and Initial Shear Modulus in Soil Specimens Using Bender Elements”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D2166. (2006). “Standard Specification for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil”, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • Cheng, Z., & Leong, E. C. (2018). Determination of damping ratios for soils using bender element tests. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 111, 8-13.
  • Daniel, D. E., & Benson, C. H. (1990). Water content-density criteria for compacted soil liners, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 116(12), 1811-1830.
  • Ghadr, S., Chen, C. S., Liu, C. H., & Hung, C. (2022). Mechanical behavior of sands reinforced with shredded face masks. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81(8), 317.
  • Guney, Y., Koparal, S., & Aydilek, A. H. (2008). Sepiolite as an alternative liner material in municipal solid waste landfills. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 134(8), 1166-1180.
  • Hussien, M. N., & Karray, M. (2015). Shear wave velocity as a geotechnical parameter: an overview. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(2), 252-272.
  • Ingale, R., Patel, A., & Mandal, A. (2020). Numerical modelling of bender element test in soils. Measurement, 152, 107310.
  • Jin, S., Cambois, G., & Vuillermoz, C. (2000). Shear-wave velocity and density estimation from PS-wave AVO analysis: Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea. Geophysics, 65(5), 1446-1454.
  • Khosravi, A., Hashemi, A., Ghadirianniari, S., & Khosravi, M. (2020). Variation of small-strain shear modulus of unsaturated silt under successive cycles of drying and wetting. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146(7), 04020050.
  • Kumar, J., & Shinde, N. S. (2019). Interpretation of bender element test results using sliding Fourier transform method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 56(12), 2004-2014.
  • T.C. Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2021). “2020/12 sayılı Bakanlık Genelgesi” https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/cygm/icerikler/gng2020-16-cov-d-19-20200408101457.pdf Last Accessed: December 12, 2023
  • T.C. Resmî Gazete. “Paris Anlaşması'nın Onaylanmasının Uygun Bulunduğuna Dair Kanun” https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/10/20211007.pdf Last Accessed: December 1, 2023
  • Ullah, I., Khalid, U., Shah, M. M., Khan, I., & Ijaz, N. (2023). Integrated recycling of geopolymerized quarry dust and bagasse ash with facemasks for the balanced amelioration of the fat clay: a multi-waste solution. Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(21), 1-21.
  • Rehman, Z., & Khalid, U. (2021). Reuse of COVID-19 face mask for the amelioration of mechanical properties of fat clay: A novel solution to an emerging waste problem. Science of The Total Environment, 794, 148746.
  • Ural, N. (2011). “Zemin Dinamiği Deneylerinde Bilgisayar Kontrollü Sistemlerin Kullanilmasi”, 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium, Elaziğ-Turkey, 35-39.
  • Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Wei, M., Wang, P., & Li, D. (2023). Mechanical and deformation behavior of clay reinforced by discarded mask fibers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 428, 139485.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). “Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance”. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337199 Last Accessed: December 12, 2023.

ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 1297 - 1306, 12.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1407114

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte dünya genelinde tek kullanımlık yüz maskesi kullanımı büyük artış göstermiştir. Bu kullanılmış maskelerin artışı çevre için büyük tehdit oluşturmakla birlikte, bertaraf edilmesi de problem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu problemin çözümü için yüz maskelerinin zemin iyileştirmede kullanımının bir yöntem olacağı düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle 0,5*3 cm boyutlarındaki yüz maskeleri %0,2-0,4-0,6-0,8-1 oranlarında düşük plastisiteli kil ile karıştırılarak Bender element ve Serbest basınç deneylerine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan serbest basınç deney sonuçlarına göre yüz maskesinin belirli bir orana kadar dayanımı arttırdığı, daha sonra ise dayanımı düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Yapılan bender element testlerine göre maske liflerinin yüksek birim hacim ağırlıkta kayma dalgası hızının azalmasına ancak düşük birim hacim ağırlığındaki numunelerde kayma dalgası hızının öncelikle arttığı, daha sonra azaldığı görülmüştür.

References

  • Ak, Ö. (2020). “COVID-19’un Başka Bir Sonucu: Plastik Salgını”, TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 2020(10), 26-35.
  • Anadolu Agency. (2021). “Dünyada 2020'de bir dakikada 3 milyon maske kullanıldı” https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/info/infografik/25449 Last Accessed: December 12, 2023
  • Anbazhagan, P., Uday, A., Moustafa, S. S., & Al-Arifi, N. S. (2016). Correlation of densities with shear wave velocities and SPT N values. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 13(3), 320-341.
  • ASTM D4318. (2018). “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken-PA, USA.
  • ASTM D854. (2014). “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken-PA, USA.
  • ASTM D8295-19. (2019). “Standard Test Method for Determination of Shear Wave Velocity and Initial Shear Modulus in Soil Specimens Using Bender Elements”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D2166. (2006). “Standard Specification for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil”, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • Cheng, Z., & Leong, E. C. (2018). Determination of damping ratios for soils using bender element tests. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 111, 8-13.
  • Daniel, D. E., & Benson, C. H. (1990). Water content-density criteria for compacted soil liners, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 116(12), 1811-1830.
  • Ghadr, S., Chen, C. S., Liu, C. H., & Hung, C. (2022). Mechanical behavior of sands reinforced with shredded face masks. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81(8), 317.
  • Guney, Y., Koparal, S., & Aydilek, A. H. (2008). Sepiolite as an alternative liner material in municipal solid waste landfills. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 134(8), 1166-1180.
  • Hussien, M. N., & Karray, M. (2015). Shear wave velocity as a geotechnical parameter: an overview. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(2), 252-272.
  • Ingale, R., Patel, A., & Mandal, A. (2020). Numerical modelling of bender element test in soils. Measurement, 152, 107310.
  • Jin, S., Cambois, G., & Vuillermoz, C. (2000). Shear-wave velocity and density estimation from PS-wave AVO analysis: Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea. Geophysics, 65(5), 1446-1454.
  • Khosravi, A., Hashemi, A., Ghadirianniari, S., & Khosravi, M. (2020). Variation of small-strain shear modulus of unsaturated silt under successive cycles of drying and wetting. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146(7), 04020050.
  • Kumar, J., & Shinde, N. S. (2019). Interpretation of bender element test results using sliding Fourier transform method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 56(12), 2004-2014.
  • T.C. Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2021). “2020/12 sayılı Bakanlık Genelgesi” https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/cygm/icerikler/gng2020-16-cov-d-19-20200408101457.pdf Last Accessed: December 12, 2023
  • T.C. Resmî Gazete. “Paris Anlaşması'nın Onaylanmasının Uygun Bulunduğuna Dair Kanun” https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/10/20211007.pdf Last Accessed: December 1, 2023
  • Ullah, I., Khalid, U., Shah, M. M., Khan, I., & Ijaz, N. (2023). Integrated recycling of geopolymerized quarry dust and bagasse ash with facemasks for the balanced amelioration of the fat clay: a multi-waste solution. Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(21), 1-21.
  • Rehman, Z., & Khalid, U. (2021). Reuse of COVID-19 face mask for the amelioration of mechanical properties of fat clay: A novel solution to an emerging waste problem. Science of The Total Environment, 794, 148746.
  • Ural, N. (2011). “Zemin Dinamiği Deneylerinde Bilgisayar Kontrollü Sistemlerin Kullanilmasi”, 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium, Elaziğ-Turkey, 35-39.
  • Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Wei, M., Wang, P., & Li, D. (2023). Mechanical and deformation behavior of clay reinforced by discarded mask fibers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 428, 139485.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). “Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance”. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337199 Last Accessed: December 12, 2023.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Earthquake Engineering, Civil Geotechnical Engineering, Soil Mechanics in Civil Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yağmur Uzunkaya 0009-0008-6561-7577

Eren Balaban 0000-0001-9559-0127

Burak Görgün 0000-0002-7681-863X

Early Pub Date August 6, 2024
Publication Date August 12, 2024
Submission Date December 19, 2023
Acceptance Date April 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uzunkaya, Y., Balaban, E., & Görgün, B. (2024). ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 1297-1306. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1407114
AMA Uzunkaya Y, Balaban E, Görgün B. ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. August 2024;32(2):1297-1306. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1407114
Chicago Uzunkaya, Yağmur, Eren Balaban, and Burak Görgün. “ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32, no. 2 (August 2024): 1297-1306. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1407114.
EndNote Uzunkaya Y, Balaban E, Görgün B (August 1, 2024) ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32 2 1297–1306.
IEEE Y. Uzunkaya, E. Balaban, and B. Görgün, “ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1297–1306, 2024, doi: 10.31796/ogummf.1407114.
ISNAD Uzunkaya, Yağmur et al. “ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 32/2 (August 2024), 1297-1306. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1407114.
JAMA Uzunkaya Y, Balaban E, Görgün B. ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32:1297–1306.
MLA Uzunkaya, Yağmur et al. “ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 2, 2024, pp. 1297-06, doi:10.31796/ogummf.1407114.
Vancouver Uzunkaya Y, Balaban E, Görgün B. ATIK YÜZ MASKESİNİN DÜŞÜK PLASTİSİTELİ KİL ZEMİNİN SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİNE VE KAYMA DALGASI HIZINA ETKİSİ. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2024;32(2):1297-306.

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