Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Adolescents’ Social and Moral Reasoning of Family Loyalty Violations

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 760 - 775, 04.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1351074

Abstract

This study examined adolescents’ perspectives on family loyalty and their social and moral reasoning about family loyalty violations. The research included 62 adolescents aged 13 to 17 (Mage = 14.89, SD = 1.08) residing in Ankara. Participants attended structured one-on-one interviews, and answered questions about three stories in which family loyalty was violated. These stories involved the distribution of family resources and opportunities, emotional and psychological support, and family privacy. Participants’ acceptability evaluations for each story were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, indicating that adolescents were more likely to accept a situation where family privacy was not maintained compared to other situations. Responses provided to each story were analyzed separately through thematic analysis to understand the justifications behind participants' evaluations. The findings revealed that participants provided diverse justifications based on context, sometimes prioritizing their own interests, while in other cases, giving priority to moral and social concerns to protect the well-being of the family group.

References

  • Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., ve Spark, G. M. (1984). Invisible loyalties. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., Grunebaum, J., ve Ulrich, D. (1991). Contextual therapy. A. S. Gurman ve D. P. Kniskern (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of family therapy: Vol. II (ss. 200–238). Bristol: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brenick, A. ve Killen, M. (2014). Moral judgments about Jewish-Arab intergroup exclusion: The role of cultural identity and contact. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034702
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Burkholder, A. R., Glidden, J., Yee, K. M., Cooley, S., ve Killen, M. (2021). Peer and parental sources of influence regarding interracial and same-race peer encounters. Journal of Social Issues, 77(4), 1063–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12494
  • Carter, P. L. ve Reardon, S. F. (2014). Inequality matters. William T. Grant Foundation.
  • Crist, J. D., Garcia-Smith, D., ve Phillips, L. R. (2006). Accommodating the stranger en casa: How Mexican American elders and caregivers decide to use formal care. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 20, 109–126. doi:10.1891/088971806780641791
  • Dahl, A., Gingo, M., Uttich, K., ve Turiel, E. (2018). Introduction. A. Dahl, M. Gingo, K. Uttich, and E. Triel (Eds.) içinde, Moral reasoning about human welfare in adolescents and adults: Judging conflicts involving sacrificing and saving lives. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12374
  • Dankoski, M. E. ve Deacon, S. A. (2000). Using a feminist lens in contextual therapy. Family Process, 39(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2000.39107.x
  • Degner, J. ve Dalege, J. (2013). The apple does not fall far from the tree, or does it? A meta-analysis of parent-child similarity in intergroup attitudes. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1270–1304. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031436
  • Dunn, J. (2014). Moral development in early childhood, and social interaction in the family. M. K. ve J. G. Smetana (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 135–159). Psychology Press.
  • Durkin, K. (2003). Developmental social psychology: From infancy to old age. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Edmonds, C. ve Killen, M. (2009). Do adolescents’ perceptions of parental racial attitudes relate to their intergroup contact and cross-race relationships? Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430208098773
  • Elenbaas, L., Rizzo, M. T., ve Killen, M. (2020). A developmental-science perspective on social inequality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(6), 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420964147
  • Flanagan, C. A., Kim, T., Pykett, A., Finlay, A., Gallay, E. E., ve Pancer, M. (2014). Adolescents’ theories about economic inequality: Why are some people poor while others are rich? Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2512–2525. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037934
  • Gönül, B., Işık, H., ve Güneş, S. (2022). A multigroup analysis of family climate and volunteering: The mediating role of parental conversations in emerging adulthood. Applied Developmental Science, 26(2), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2020.1796666
  • Gönül, B., Sahin-Acar, B., ve Killen, M. (2023a). Adolescents view social exclusion based on social class as more wrong than do children. Developmental Psychology, 59(9), 1703–1715. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001564
  • Gönül, B., Sahin-Acar, B. ve Killen, M. (2023b). Perceived contact with friends from lower socioeconomic status reduces exclusion based on social class. Developmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13440
  • Grusec, J., Chaparro, M. P., Johnston, M., ve Sherman, A. (2014). The development of moral behavior from a socialization perspective. M. K. ve J. G. Smetana (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 113–134). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Helwig, C. C., Ruck, M. D., ve Peterson-Badali, M. (2014). Rights, civil liberties, and democracy. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 46–69). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Hitti, A., Mulvey, K. L., Rutland, A., Abrams, D., ve Killen, M. (2014). When is it okay to exclude a member of the ingroup? Children’s and adolescents’ social reasoning. Social Development, 23(3), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12047
  • Kao, H. F. S., ve An, K. (2012). Effect of acculturation and mutuality on family loyalty among Mexican American caregivers of elders. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1547-5069.2012.01442.X
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji. Koç Üniversitesi.
  • Killen, M. ve Smetana, J. G. (2015). Origins and development of morality. M. E. Lamb (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: 3. Sayı (7. baskı, ss. 701–749). NY: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Killen, M., ve Dahl, A. (2021). Moral reasoning enables developmental and societal change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1209–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620964076
  • Killen, M., Mulvey, K. L., ve Hitti, A. (2013). Social exclusion in childhood: A developmental intergroup perspective. Child Development, 84(3), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12012
  • Killen, M., ve Rutland, A. (2011). Children and social exclusion: Morality, prejudice, and group identity. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444396317
  • Li, L., Rizzo, M. T., Burkholder, A. R., ve Killen, M. (2017). Theory of mind and resource allocation in the context of hidden inequality. Cognitive Development, 43, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.001
  • Malti, T., Ongley, S. F., Dys, S. P., ve Colasante, T. (2012). Adolescents' emotions and reasoning in contexts of moral conflict and social exclusion. New Directions for Youth Development, 136, 27-40.
  • Møller, S. J., ve Tenenbaum, H. R. (2011). Danish majority children’s reasoning about exclusion based on gender and ethnicity. Child Development, 82(2), 520–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01568.x
  • Nesdale, D. (2004). Social identity processes and children’s ethnic prejudice. M. Bennett. ve F. Sani (Eds.) içinde, The development of the social self (ss. 219–245). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Nucci, L. (2001). Education in the moral domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Park, Y., Lee-Kim, J., Killen, M., Park, K., ve Kim, J. (2012). Korean children’s evaluation of parental restrictions regarding gender-stereotypic peer activities. Social Development, 21(3), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00643.x
  • Raabe, T., ve Beelmann, A. (2011). Development of ethnic, racial, and national prejudice in childhood and adolescence: a multinational meta-analysis of age differences. Child Development, 82(6), 1715–1737. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01668.x
  • Recchia, H. E., Wainryb, C., Bourne, S., ve Pasupathi, M. (2014). The construction of moral agency in mother-child conversations about helping and hurting across childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033492
  • Rutland, A., Killen, M., ve Abrams, D. (2010). A new social-cognitive developmental perspective on prejudice: The interplay between morality and group identity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369468
  • Sims, R. N., Burkholder, A. R., ve Killen, M. (2022). Science resource inequalities viewed as less wrong when girls are disadvantaged. Social Development, 32(1), 387–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12629
  • Smetana, J. G. (1999). The role of parents in moral development: A social domain analysis. Journal of Moral Education, 28(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/030572499103106
  • Smetana, J. G. (2006). Social-cognitive domain theory: Consistencies and variations in children’s moral and social judgments. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (ss. 119–154). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Smetana, J. G., Jambon, M., ve Ball, C. (2014). The social domain approach to children’s moral and social judgments. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, The handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 23–45). Taylor and Francis.
  • Smith, I. H., Aquino, K., Koleva, S., ve Graham, J. (2014). The moral ties that bind... even to out-groups: The interactive effect of moral identity and the binding moral foundations. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1554-1562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614534450
  • Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin ve S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (ss. 33–47). Brooks-Cole.
  • Turiel, E. (2006). The development of morality. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon ve R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6. baskı). Social, emotional, and personality development, Vol. 3 (ss. 863–932). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Turiel, E., ve Nucci, L. P. (2017). Moral development in context. A. S. Dick ve U. Müller (Eds.) içinde, Advancing developmental science: Philosophy, theory, and method (ss. 95–109). Routledge.

Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 760 - 775, 04.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1351074

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ergenlik döneminde çocukların aile sadakatine bakış açılarını ve aile sadakatinin ihlal edildiği durumlarda ergenlerin sosyal ve ahlaki muhakemelerini incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya, Ankara’da yaşayan 13-17 yaşları (Ort. yaş = 14.69, SS = 1.08) arasındaki 62 ergen katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, yapılandırılmış birebir görüşmelere katılarak aile sadakatinin ihlal edildiği üç hikayedeki sorulara yanıt vermişlerdir. Bu hikayeler; aile kaynaklarının ve fırsatların dağılımı, duygusal ve psikolojik destek ile aile gizliliğini içermiştir. Katılımcıların her bir hikâye için yaptıkları değerlendirmeler tekrar faktörlü ANOVA analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar katılımcıların aile gizliliğini korumadığı bir durumu diğer durumlara oranla daha fazla kabul ettikleri göstermiştir. Katılımcıların değerlendirmeleri ardındaki gerekçelendirmelerini anlamak üzere her hikâyeye verilen yanıtlar ayrı tema analizleri ile ele alınmıştır. İçerikler, katılımcıların bağlama göre çeşitlenen gerekçelendirmeler yaptığını, bazen kendi çıkarlarını koruma motivasyonunda olurken, bazı durumlarda aile grubunun iyiliğine ahlaki ve sosyal kaygılarla öncelik vermişlerdir.

References

  • Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., ve Spark, G. M. (1984). Invisible loyalties. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., Grunebaum, J., ve Ulrich, D. (1991). Contextual therapy. A. S. Gurman ve D. P. Kniskern (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of family therapy: Vol. II (ss. 200–238). Bristol: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brenick, A. ve Killen, M. (2014). Moral judgments about Jewish-Arab intergroup exclusion: The role of cultural identity and contact. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034702
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Burkholder, A. R., Glidden, J., Yee, K. M., Cooley, S., ve Killen, M. (2021). Peer and parental sources of influence regarding interracial and same-race peer encounters. Journal of Social Issues, 77(4), 1063–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12494
  • Carter, P. L. ve Reardon, S. F. (2014). Inequality matters. William T. Grant Foundation.
  • Crist, J. D., Garcia-Smith, D., ve Phillips, L. R. (2006). Accommodating the stranger en casa: How Mexican American elders and caregivers decide to use formal care. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 20, 109–126. doi:10.1891/088971806780641791
  • Dahl, A., Gingo, M., Uttich, K., ve Turiel, E. (2018). Introduction. A. Dahl, M. Gingo, K. Uttich, and E. Triel (Eds.) içinde, Moral reasoning about human welfare in adolescents and adults: Judging conflicts involving sacrificing and saving lives. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12374
  • Dankoski, M. E. ve Deacon, S. A. (2000). Using a feminist lens in contextual therapy. Family Process, 39(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2000.39107.x
  • Degner, J. ve Dalege, J. (2013). The apple does not fall far from the tree, or does it? A meta-analysis of parent-child similarity in intergroup attitudes. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1270–1304. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031436
  • Dunn, J. (2014). Moral development in early childhood, and social interaction in the family. M. K. ve J. G. Smetana (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 135–159). Psychology Press.
  • Durkin, K. (2003). Developmental social psychology: From infancy to old age. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Edmonds, C. ve Killen, M. (2009). Do adolescents’ perceptions of parental racial attitudes relate to their intergroup contact and cross-race relationships? Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430208098773
  • Elenbaas, L., Rizzo, M. T., ve Killen, M. (2020). A developmental-science perspective on social inequality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(6), 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420964147
  • Flanagan, C. A., Kim, T., Pykett, A., Finlay, A., Gallay, E. E., ve Pancer, M. (2014). Adolescents’ theories about economic inequality: Why are some people poor while others are rich? Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2512–2525. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037934
  • Gönül, B., Işık, H., ve Güneş, S. (2022). A multigroup analysis of family climate and volunteering: The mediating role of parental conversations in emerging adulthood. Applied Developmental Science, 26(2), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2020.1796666
  • Gönül, B., Sahin-Acar, B., ve Killen, M. (2023a). Adolescents view social exclusion based on social class as more wrong than do children. Developmental Psychology, 59(9), 1703–1715. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001564
  • Gönül, B., Sahin-Acar, B. ve Killen, M. (2023b). Perceived contact with friends from lower socioeconomic status reduces exclusion based on social class. Developmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13440
  • Grusec, J., Chaparro, M. P., Johnston, M., ve Sherman, A. (2014). The development of moral behavior from a socialization perspective. M. K. ve J. G. Smetana (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 113–134). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Helwig, C. C., Ruck, M. D., ve Peterson-Badali, M. (2014). Rights, civil liberties, and democracy. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 46–69). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Hitti, A., Mulvey, K. L., Rutland, A., Abrams, D., ve Killen, M. (2014). When is it okay to exclude a member of the ingroup? Children’s and adolescents’ social reasoning. Social Development, 23(3), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12047
  • Kao, H. F. S., ve An, K. (2012). Effect of acculturation and mutuality on family loyalty among Mexican American caregivers of elders. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1547-5069.2012.01442.X
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji. Koç Üniversitesi.
  • Killen, M. ve Smetana, J. G. (2015). Origins and development of morality. M. E. Lamb (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: 3. Sayı (7. baskı, ss. 701–749). NY: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Killen, M., ve Dahl, A. (2021). Moral reasoning enables developmental and societal change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1209–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620964076
  • Killen, M., Mulvey, K. L., ve Hitti, A. (2013). Social exclusion in childhood: A developmental intergroup perspective. Child Development, 84(3), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12012
  • Killen, M., ve Rutland, A. (2011). Children and social exclusion: Morality, prejudice, and group identity. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444396317
  • Li, L., Rizzo, M. T., Burkholder, A. R., ve Killen, M. (2017). Theory of mind and resource allocation in the context of hidden inequality. Cognitive Development, 43, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.001
  • Malti, T., Ongley, S. F., Dys, S. P., ve Colasante, T. (2012). Adolescents' emotions and reasoning in contexts of moral conflict and social exclusion. New Directions for Youth Development, 136, 27-40.
  • Møller, S. J., ve Tenenbaum, H. R. (2011). Danish majority children’s reasoning about exclusion based on gender and ethnicity. Child Development, 82(2), 520–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01568.x
  • Nesdale, D. (2004). Social identity processes and children’s ethnic prejudice. M. Bennett. ve F. Sani (Eds.) içinde, The development of the social self (ss. 219–245). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Nucci, L. (2001). Education in the moral domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Park, Y., Lee-Kim, J., Killen, M., Park, K., ve Kim, J. (2012). Korean children’s evaluation of parental restrictions regarding gender-stereotypic peer activities. Social Development, 21(3), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00643.x
  • Raabe, T., ve Beelmann, A. (2011). Development of ethnic, racial, and national prejudice in childhood and adolescence: a multinational meta-analysis of age differences. Child Development, 82(6), 1715–1737. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01668.x
  • Recchia, H. E., Wainryb, C., Bourne, S., ve Pasupathi, M. (2014). The construction of moral agency in mother-child conversations about helping and hurting across childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033492
  • Rutland, A., Killen, M., ve Abrams, D. (2010). A new social-cognitive developmental perspective on prejudice: The interplay between morality and group identity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369468
  • Sims, R. N., Burkholder, A. R., ve Killen, M. (2022). Science resource inequalities viewed as less wrong when girls are disadvantaged. Social Development, 32(1), 387–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12629
  • Smetana, J. G. (1999). The role of parents in moral development: A social domain analysis. Journal of Moral Education, 28(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/030572499103106
  • Smetana, J. G. (2006). Social-cognitive domain theory: Consistencies and variations in children’s moral and social judgments. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of moral development (ss. 119–154). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Smetana, J. G., Jambon, M., ve Ball, C. (2014). The social domain approach to children’s moral and social judgments. M. Killen ve J. G. Smetana (Eds.) içinde, The handbook of moral development (2. baskı, ss. 23–45). Taylor and Francis.
  • Smith, I. H., Aquino, K., Koleva, S., ve Graham, J. (2014). The moral ties that bind... even to out-groups: The interactive effect of moral identity and the binding moral foundations. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1554-1562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614534450
  • Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin ve S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (ss. 33–47). Brooks-Cole.
  • Turiel, E. (2006). The development of morality. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon ve R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6. baskı). Social, emotional, and personality development, Vol. 3 (ss. 863–932). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Turiel, E., ve Nucci, L. P. (2017). Moral development in context. A. S. Dick ve U. Müller (Eds.) içinde, Advancing developmental science: Philosophy, theory, and method (ss. 95–109). Routledge.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Development
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Buse Gönül 0000-0002-7538-8420

Early Pub Date October 18, 2023
Publication Date December 4, 2023
Submission Date August 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gönül, B. (2023). Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 760-775. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1351074
AMA Gönül B. Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. December 2023;24(3):760-775. doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1351074
Chicago Gönül, Buse. “Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal Ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, no. 3 (December 2023): 760-75. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1351074.
EndNote Gönül B (December 1, 2023) Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 3 760–775.
IEEE B. Gönül, “Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 760–775, 2023, doi: 10.17494/ogusbd.1351074.
ISNAD Gönül, Buse. “Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal Ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/3 (December 2023), 760-775. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1351074.
JAMA Gönül B. Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;24:760–775.
MLA Gönül, Buse. “Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal Ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 3, 2023, pp. 760-75, doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1351074.
Vancouver Gönül B. Aile Sadakatinin İhlal Edildiği Durumlarda Ergenlerin Sosyal ve Ahlaki Muhakemeleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;24(3):760-75.