Comparative Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment Strategies in Western Balkan Countries

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 534 - 557, 24.07.2025

Emre Saygın

https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1674006

Öz

This paper comparatively analyzes the foreign direct investment promotion strategies of the Western Balkan countries within the OLI paradigm framework. The study used the Policy-Action Research method, a qualitative research approach, to analyze information and documents from official institutions in relevant countries, similar to investment-promotion agencies, within an analytical framework. The findings reveal that although the external investment frameworks of WB-6 countries have been liberalized, the process of starting a business remains intricate, the political security dimension is oriented towards the EU and NATO, geographical positioning and tax incentives are significantly underscored, and the availability of blue-collar labor in low-tech industries is accentuated. It is advisable to manage internal conflicts, enhance efforts against bureaucratic inefficiency and corruption, emphasize sectors involving medium-high technology to facilitate the employment of highly skilled labor, and to advance targeted investment areas such as contemporary public-private partnership models and privatization initiatives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Western Balkan Countries, Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Climate, Policy-Action Research, Institutional Quality

Batı Balkan Ülkelerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımı Stratejilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Batı Balkan ülkelerinin doğrudan yabancı sermaye teşvik stratejileri OLI paradigması çerçevesinde mukayeseli olarak araştırılmıştır. Nitel araştırma metotlarından Politika-Eylem Araştırması yöntemiyle yürütülen çalışma kapsamında ilgili ülkelerinin yatırım-promosyon ajansı niteliğindeki resmî kurumlarının sunduğu bilgi ve belgeler analitik bir çerçevede incelenmiştir. Bulgular; WB-6 ülkelerinin dış yatırım paradigmalarının liberalize edildiği ancak girişim başlatma prosedürlerinin karmaşık olduğu, politik güven unsuru olarak AB ve NATO perspektifine odaklanıldığı, coğrafi konum ve vergi avantajlarının fazlaca vurgulandığı, düşük teknoloji içeren sektörlerdeki mavi yakalı işgücü stokunun öne çıkarıldığını göstermektedir. Buna göre iç çatışmalar kontrol altına alınması, bürokratik kalite ve yolsuzlukla mücadelenin güçlendirilmesi, yüksek nitelikli işgücü istihdamını destekleyecek orta-yüksek teknoloji içerek sektörlerin öne çıkarılması, kamu işbirliği modelleri ve özelleştirme programı benzeri spesifik yatırım alanlarının güncel şekilde tanıtılması tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Batı Balkan Ülkeleri, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları, Yatırım İklimi, Politika-Eylem Araştırması, Kurumsal Kalite

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