Covid-19 salgınının işletmelere olan etkisinin maliyet girdi odaklı veri zarflama analiz modeli ile ölçümü: BİST gıda ve içecek endeksinde bir uygulama

Covid-19 salgını Dünya Sağlık Teşkilatı (WHO-World Healty Organization) tarafından ‘‘pandemi’’ olarak 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde ilan edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ilk vaka aynı tarihte görülmüştür. Küresel bir salgın haline dönüşen Covid-19, ekonomik hayatın yanında tüm alanlarda olumsuz etkileri görülmüştür. Tüm sektörler salgından az veya çok olumsuz etkilenmişlerdir. Halen etkisi görülen Covid-19 salgınının, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören gıda ve içecek işletmelerinin maliyet yönetim performanslarının ölçülmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. BİST Gıda ve İçecek Endeksinde yer alan 23 işletmenin beş yıllık mali tablolarında yer alan verilerden faydalanılarak işletmelerin maliyet yönetim etkinlikleri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Etkinliklerin tespitinde Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) kullanılmıştır. VZA’da girdi odaklı BCC modeli kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca işletmelerin zamana dayalı olarak etkinliklerindeki değişimi görmek için VZA tabanlı Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği (MTFV) Endeksi yaklaşımı da kullanılmıştır.

The Covid-19 outbreak was declared as a "pandemic" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The first case in Turkey was seen on the same date. Covid-19, which has turned into a global epidemic, has negative effects in all areas besides economic life. All sectors were more or less negatively affected by the epidemic. The purpose of this study is to easure the cost management efficiency of the food and beverage the companies traded in Borsa İstanbul (BIST) of the Covid-19 epidemic, which is still in effect. By using the data in the five-year financial statements of 23 the companies in the BIST Food and Beverage Index, the cost management efficiency of the companies was tried to be measured. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to determine the efficiency. Input-oriented BCC model is used in DEA. In addition, the EA-based Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (MTFP) Index approach was also used to see the change in the efficiency of the companies based on time. Variable returns to scale (BCC) model are used in DEA According to the results of the analysis, the Change in Technical Efficiency, which is the components of the MTFV index, is 11.8%; 12.7% in Scale Efficiency Change; A 17.6% decrease was detected in Technology Change. In the period of 2017-2021, the companies have wasted 11.8% of resources. The decrease in scale efficiency means that the companies cannot use their assets efficiently. In the 2017-2021 period, the annual average productivity loss of enterprises was calculated as 27.4 The period with the highest loss of productivity (49.5%) was the 2019-2020 period, when the global impact of covid-19 was experienced. Considering the five-year averages of the improvements that must be made in the cost input and output variables in order for the relatively inefficient the companies to gain efficiency, it is seen that the most important input variables are financing (36.1%) and general administrative expenses (23.4%).