ABD-Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti ilişkileri: Sistemik düzeyde bir etki analizi

Year 2023, , 531 - 542, 30.04.2023

Ozdemir Akbal

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1160351

Abstract

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ile Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (ÇHC) ilişkileri kaçınılmaz olarak bir savaya mı gitmektedir? ABD-ÇHC ilişkileri uluslararası politika incelemeleri açısından en ilgi çekici konulardan birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ABD-ÇHC arasındaki politik ilişkilerin incelenmesi uluslararası politika çalışmalarının sistemik seviyesi için büyük bir önemi haizdir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sistemik uluslararası politika seviyesinde etkin bir şekilde eyleme kapasitesine sahip ABD ve ÇHC ilişkilerinin rekabetçi bir iş birliğine sahip olduğunu göstermektir. Bu çalışmada ikili ilişkilerin ortaya koyduğu siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel veriler bağlamında Popperian bir yanlışlama metodu tercih edilmiştir. ABD-ÇHC’nin kaçınılmaz olarak bir savaşa sürüklenmesinin tarihsici bir bakış açısı ile tanımlanması da uluslararası politika çalışmaları açısından önemli bir sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nokta aynı zamanda uluslararası politika teorilerinin açıklama kapasitesinin tartışılması için de önemli bir fırsatı yaratmaktadır. ABD-ÇHC özelinde Yapısal Realist teoriden konu ele alındığında askeri, ekonomik ve sosyal ilişkilerin yapının oluşumu kadar yapıya etki etme açısından önemli olduğu da görülmektedir. Buna ek olarak ABD-ÇHC ilişkileri bağlamında savaşa giden bir süreçten ziyade yarışmacı bir iş birliği yapısının oluştuğu da görülmektedir.

Keywords

Uluslararası İlişkiler, Uluslararası Politika Teorileri, Yapısal Realizm, ABD, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti

The United States-The People's Republic of China relations: A systemic level impact analysis

Abstract

Are the United States (the US)- the People's Republic of China (the PRC) relations inevitably headed for war? The US-the PRC relations constitute one of the most interesting topics in terms of international political studies. Precisely for this reason, the study of political relations between the US and the PRC is of the great importance in terms systemic level of the international political studies. The main purpose of this study is to show that the relations of the US and the PRC, as two influential acting units at the level of systemic international politics, are of competitive cooperation. In this study, Popperian falsification method was used in the context of political, economic and cultural data revealed by bilateral relations. The definition of the inevitably dragged into a war by the US-the PRC with a historicist perspective also brings with it an important problem in terms of international political studies. This point also creates an important opportunity to discuss the explanatory capacity of international political theories. Considering the Structural Realist Theory in the US-the PRC case, it is seen that military, economic and social relations are important in terms of influencing the structure as much as the formation of the structure. The US-the PRC relations, it is seen that a competitive cooperation structure has emerged rather than a process leading to war.

Keywords

International relations, Theory of international politics, Structural realism, the US

References

• Allison, G. T. (2017). Destined for war: Can America and China escape Thucydides's Trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Carr, E. H. (1946). The twenty years's crisis: 1919-1939. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Chen, J. (2010). Mao’s China and the cold war. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.
• Erickson, A. S. (2019). U.S.-China military-to-military relations: Policy considerations in a changing environment. Asia Policy, 14(3), 123-144.
• Foreign Trade U.S. international trade data. (2022, June 27). United States Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html#1991
• Gilpin, R. (1981). War and change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Jianren, Z. (2019). Power transition and paradigm shift in diplomacy: Why China and the Us march towards strategic competition? The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 12(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poy019.
• Kallgren, J. K. (1965). Nationalist China: Problems of a modernizing Taiwan. Asian Survey, 5(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642176
• Kirshner, J. (2010). The tragedy of offensive realism: Classical realism and the rice of China . European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110373949.
• Kissinger, H. (1982). Years of upheaval. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
• Lattimore, O. (1949). The situation in Asia. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
• Lorraine, E., & Miller, S. R. (2009). Revisiting liability of foreignness: Socio-political costs facing Chinese multinationals in the United States. K. P. Sauvant ed., Investing in the United States. Is the US Ready for FDI from China? (s. 122-41). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Maxwell, N. (2007). How the Sino-Russian boundary conflict was finally settled: From Nerchinsk 1689 to Vladivostok 2005 via Zhenbao island 1969. Critical Asian Studies, 39(2), 229-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672710701340079.
• Morgenthau, H. J. (1951). In defense of the national interest. New York: Knopf.
• Morgenthau, H. J. (1954). Politics among nations . New York: Knopf.
• Nanto, D. K., & Manyin, M. E. (2011). China-North Korea relations. North Korean Review, 7(2), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.3172/NKR.7.2.94.
• Number of college and university students from China in te United States from academic year 2010/11 to 2020/21. (2022, July 04). Statitsta: https://www.statista.com/statistics/372900/number-of-chinese-students-that-study-in-the-us/
• Peck, K. (2014). The impact of academic exchange between China and the U.S., 1979-2010. PSI Sigma Siren, 18(1), 30-42.
• Ross, R. S. (2001). Introduction. R. S. Ross, & J. Changbin eds., Re-exemining the Cold War: US-China diplomacy, 1954-1973 (s. 1-23). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Shen, Z. (2010). China and the dispatch of the Soviet air force: The formation of the Chinese–Soviet–Korean alliance in the early stage of the Korean War. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 33(2), 211-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402391003590291.
• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (2012). Evolving towards 2015: ASEAN Annual Report 2011-2012. ASEAN Secreteriat: Jakarta. U.S. Department of Defense. (2012). Sustaining U.S. global leadership: Priorities 21st century defense . Washington: U.S. Department of Defense.
• Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics . Boston: Addison Wesley Publishing Co.
• Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, the state and war: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Wang, Y. (1993). The politics of U.S.-China economic relations: MFN, Constructive Engagement, and the Trade Issue Proper. Asian Survey, 33(5), 44162. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645312.
• Woon, E. Y. (1989). Chinese arm sales and U.S.-China military relations. Asian Survey, 29(6), 601-618. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644755.