YAŞLILARDA OBEZİTE PREVALANSI Ve KRONİK HASTALIK RİSKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2024, , 431 - 445, 31.07.2024

Salih Çam , Seda Sengul

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1403276

Abstract

Obezite, kronik hastalıkların gelişiminde önemli bir faktördür ve genetik yatkınlığın yanı sıra bazı gözlemlenemeyen faktörlerden de etkilenebilir. Obez yaşlıların kronik hastalıklara yakalanma olasılığı daha yüksek olduğundan, aşırı kilo ve kronik hastalıklar arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılması, önlenebilir hastalık ve ölüm oranının azaltılmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, gözlemlenemeyen dışsallık ve olası içsellik için görünüşte ilişkisiz probit (Seemingly Unrelated Probit ) yöntemini kullanarak, yaşlılarda obezite ve kronik hastalıklar arasındaki ampirik bağlantıyı araştırmaktadır. Analiz için Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından 2014, 2016 ve 2019 yıllarında toplanan Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması anketi verileri kullanılmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlar, hem aşırı kilo/obezite hem de kronik hastalıkları etkileyen ölçülemeyen ortak faktörler olduğunu ve aşırı kilo/obezitenin cinsiyet, fiziksel hareketsizlik, sigara, yaş, depresyon gibi bazı sosyoekonomik faktörlerle birlikte kronik hastalıkların önemli bir belirleyicisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, önlenebilir hastalık ve ölüm oranının azaltılmasına yönelik sağlık politikalarının, genetik faktörlerin yanı sıra yaşlılarda hareketsiz yaşam tarzlarını değiştirmek ve depresyon ile değersiz hissetmek gibi duyguları önlemek için psikolojik desteğin de dikkate alması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Kronik hastalıklar, görünürde ilişkisiz probit modeli, yaşlılarda obezite

Prevalence of obesity and risk of chronic diseases in the elderly: The case of Turke

Abstract

Obesity is a major factor in the development of chronic diseases and can be influenced by some unobserved factors as well as genetic predisposition. Since obese older people are more likely to develop chronic diseases, a better understanding of the relationship between overweight/obesity and chronic diseases may help to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Using a Seemingly Unrelated probit approach for unobserved heterogeneity and probable endogeneity, this study investigates the empirical connection between obesity and chronic diseases in the elderly. Data from the Turkish Health Survey collected by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2014, 2016, and 2019 were used for the analysis. The empirical results indicate that there are unmeasurable common factors that influence both overweight/obesity and chronic diseases, with overweight/obesity being an important determinant of chronic diseases along with some socioeconomic factors such as gender, physical inactivity, smoking, age, depression, etc. The findings suggest that health policies to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality should take into account unmeasurable genetic factors as well as psychological support to activate sedentary lifestyles in older people and prevent depression and feelings of worthlessness.

Keywords

Chronic Disease, Seemingly Unrelated Probit Regression Analysis, Elderly Obesity

References

• Aitsi-Selmi, A., Bell, R., Shipley, M. J., & Marmot, M. G. (2014). Education modifies the association of wealth with obesity in women in middle-income but not low-income countries: an interaction study using seven national datasets, 2005-2010. PloS one, 9(3), e90403.
• Akın, B., Ege, E., Koçoğlu, D., Arslan, S. Y., & Bilgili, N. (2010). Reproductive history, socioeconomic status and disability in the women aged 65 years or older in Turkey. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 50(1), 11-15.
• Al-Sumaih, I., Johnston, B., Donnelly, M., and O’Neill, C. (2020). The relationship between obesity, diabetes, hypertension and vitamin D deficiency among Saudi Arabians aged 15 and over: results from the Saudi health interview survey. BMC endocrine disorders, 20, 1—9.
• Ameye, H., & Swinnen, J. (2019). Obesity, income and gender: the changing global relationship. Global food security, 23, 267—281.
• Au, N., Hauck, K., and Hollingsworth, B. (2009). The roles of smoking and ethnicity in obesity: a seemingly unrelated probit approach. Monash university, centre for health economics.
• Au, N., Hauckb, K., and Hollingswortha, B. (2016). The relationship between smoking, quitting smoking and obesity in Australia: a seemingly unrelated probit approach. The Applied economics of weight and obesity, 83—91.
• Ball, G. D., Savu, A., & Kaul, P. (2019). Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity between 2010 and 2017 in preschoolers: A population‐based study. Pediatric obesity, 14(11), e12561.
• Baygutalp, F., Baygutalp, N. K., Urak, F., & Bilgic, A. (2023). Determining the Relationship Between Distinct Obesity Prevalence Groups and Risk Factors By Panel Random-Effect Ordered Probit Model in Turkey. International journal of pharmATA, 3(2), 41-49.
• Bonilla-Sierra, P., Vargas-Martínez, A. M., Davalos-Batallas, V., Leon-Larios, F., & Lomas-Campos, M. D. L. M. (2020). Chronic diseases and associated factors among older adults in Loja, Ecuador. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(11), 4009.
• Bosello, O., & Vanzo, A. (2021). Obesity paradox and aging. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26, 27-35.
• Çakmur, H., & Ardıç, S. (2015). Investıgatıon of Obesıty and Depressıon in A Sample of Turkısh Elderly Adults. Turkish journal of geriatrics, 18(2).
• Chen, Y., Ji, H., Shen, Y., & Liu, D. (2024). Chronic disease and multimorbidity in the Chinese older adults’ population and their impact on daily living ability: a cross-sectional study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Archives of public health, 82(1),
• Chun, H., Park, E. J., Kim, I. H., & Cho, S. I. (2014). Comparisons of obesity indicators for obesity and chronic diseases management among older adults. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, 31(5), 109- 120.
• Clark, J. M., & Brancati, F. L. (2000). The challenge of obesity-related chronic diseases. Journal of general internal medicine, 15(11), 828.
• Costa-Font, J., and Gil, J. (2005). Obesity and the incidence of chronic diseases in Spain: a seemingly unrelated probit approach. Economics & human biology, 3(2), 188-214.
• Demir, O., Demir, N., & Bilgic, A. (2019). Determinants of obesity in Turkey: appetite or disease? Journal of public health, 27(2), 151—161.
• Dietz, W. H., Solomon, L. S., Pronk, N., Ziegenhorn, S. K., Standish, M., Longjohn, M. M., ... & Bradley, D. W. (2015). An integrated framework for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related chronic diseases. Health affairs, 34(9), 1456-1463.
• Dorner, T. E., & Rieder, A. (2012). Obesity paradox in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. International journal of cardiology, 155(1), 56-65.
• Egemen, I. (2019). Türkiye’de obezitenin sosyoekonomik belirleyicileri. Uluslararası iktisadi ve idari incelemeler dergisi, (25), 57—70.
• Elia, M. (2001). Obesity in the elderly. Obesity research, 9(S11), 244S-248S.
• Er, N. T., Doğan, G., Meriç, Ç. S., Yılmaz, H. Ö., Öztürk, M. E., & Ayhan, N. Y. (2021). Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Health Sciences Faculty students. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 46, 466— 470.
• Erem, C. (2015). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Turkey. The international journal of cardiology, metabolic and endocrine, (8), 38—41.
• Erem, C., Yildiz, R., Kavgaci, H., Karahan, C., Deger, O., Çan, G., & Telatar, M. (2001). Prevalence of diabetes, obesity and hypertension in a Turkish population. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 54(3), 203— 208.
• Galanos AN, Pieper CF, Cornoni-Huntley JC, Bales CW,Fillenbaum GG. (1994). Nutrition and function: is there a relationshipbetween body mass index and functional capabilities of commu-nity-dwelling elderly? J Am Geriatr Soc.42:368–73.
• Gil, J. M., & Takourabt, S. (2017). Socio‐economics, food habits and the prevalence of childhood obesity in Spain. Child: care, health and development, 43(2), 250—258.
• Gökler, M. E., Buğrııl, N., Metintaş, S., & Kalyoncu, C. (2015). Adolescent Obesity And Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors Of Rural And Urban Life. Central European journal of public health, 23(1).
• Gupta, N., Goel, K., Shah, P., & Misra, A. (2012). Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocrine reviews, 33(1), 48—70.