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BORSA İSTANBUL ENDEKSLERİNE BAĞLI SEKTÖRLERDE AĞIRLIKLI ORTALAMA SERMAYE MALİYETİ

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 32 - 46, 30.01.2025

Abstract

Borsa İstanbul'da çok farklı endeksler oluşturularak piyasaların yönelimi takip edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda işletmelerin faaliyette bulunduğu sektörlere göre endeksler de mevcuttur. Bu çalışma kapsamında Borsa İstanbul endeksleriyle oluşturulmuş sektörler için 2010 - 2023 dönemi arası yıllık frekanstaki ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplamalarda kaldıraçsız betalar kullanılarak sermaye varlıkları fiyatlama modeli üzerinden özkaynak maliyetleri hesaplanmış, ticari kredilere uygulanan yıllık ortalama faiz oranları ile borçlanma maliyetleri belirlenmiştir. Her bir sektörün özkaynak ve kaldıraç oranları, kurumlar vergisi oranı ile hesaplanan özkaynak maliyeti ile borçlanma maliyetleri dikkate alınarak her bir yıl için her bir sektörün ayrı ayrı ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetine ulaşılmıştır. Pazar getirisinin negatif olması sebebiyle anlamlı sonuçlara ulaşılamayan 2011, 2013, 2015 ve 2018 yılları kapsam dışı bırakıldığında ve her bir sektörün ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyeti ortalaması değerlendirildiğinde sınai sektörünün ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetinin 0,166 olduğu, mali sektörün 0,184 olduğu ve hizmet sektörünün 0,160 olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca en yüksek ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetinin örneklem dönemi ortalamasında sırasıyla menkul kıymet yatırım ortaklığı, gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklığı ve turizm sektöründe olduğu en düşük ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetinin ise finansal kiralama, faktöring, banka ve sigorta sektöründe olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. & Marcus, A. J. (2007). Fundamentals of corporate finance. 6th ed., Newyork: McGraw-Hill. Ceylan, A. (1995). Finansal teknikler. Bursa: Ekin Kitapevi Yayınları.
  • Copeland, T., Coller, T. & Murrin, J. (2010).Valuation: measuring and managing the value of the companies. 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Copeland, T.E., Weston, J.F. & Shastri, K. (2005). Financial theory and corporate policy. 4th edition, Addison- Wesley, Boston.
  • Damodaran, A. (2002). Investment valuation. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Damodaran, A. (2011). The little book of valuation - how to value a company, pick a stock and profit. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Echterling, F. & Eierle, B. & Ketterer, S. (2015). A review of the literature on methods of computing the implied cost of capital. International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 42(C), 235-252.
  • Ehrhardt, M. & Brigham E. (2006), Corporate finance - a focused approach. China: Thomson South-Western.
  • https://datastore.borsaistanbul.com
  • https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr
  • https://www.gib.gov.tr
  • https://www.kap.org.tr
  • https://www.tcmb.gov.tr
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası, (2017). 1000 Büyük sanayi kuruluşunun sermaye maliyeti analizi, tematik raporlar-II. İSO Yayın No: 2017/3
  • Kandır, S.Y., Karadeniz E. & Önal, Y. B. (2007). Türkiye’de büyük sanayi işletmelerinde sermaye yapısını etkileyen faktörlerin analizi. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı:2, 145-165.
  • Lintner, J. (1965a). The valuation of risk assets and the selection of risky ınvestments in stock portfolios and capital budgets. Review of Economics and Statistics, February, 47, 13-37.
  • Lintner, J. (1965b). Security prices, risk and maximal gains from diversification. Journal of Finance, December, 20, 587-615.
  • Meyer, T. & Mathonet, P. (2005). Beyond the j-curve managing a portfolio of venture capital and private equity funds. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Modigliani F. & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, C:48, S:3, 261-297.
  • Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a capital asset market. Econometrica, October, 35, 768-83.
  • Moyer, C., McGuigan, J. & Rao, R. (2007). Fundamentals of contemporary financial management. USA: Thomson South-Western.
  • Myers, S.C. & Majluf, N.S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, C:13, S:2. 187-221.
  • Myers, S. C., (2003). The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592.
  • Rehman, R. & Raoof, A. (2010). Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) traditional vs new approach for calculating the value of firm. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 45, 7-9. 44
  • Ross, S.A., Westerfield, R. W. & Jordan, B. D. (2016). Fundamentals of corporate finance. 11th ed, The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Sharpe, W.F. (1964). Capital asset prices: a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19, 425-442.
  • Üreten, A. & Ercan, M. K. (2000). Firma değerinin tespiti ve yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.

THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL IN SECTORS INCLUDED IN BIST SECTOR INDICES

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 32 - 46, 30.01.2025

Abstract

In Borsa Istanbul, various indices are created to track the direction of the markets. Within this scope, indices are also available for sectors in which companies operate. In this study, the weighted average cost of capital for sectors created with Borsa Istanbul indices was calculated for the period between 2010 and 2023. In the calculations, the cost of equity was calculated using unlevered betas through the capital asset pricing model, and the borrowing costs were determined using the average annual interest rates applied to commercial loans. Taking into account the equity and leverage ratios of each sector, as well as the corporate tax rate, the cost of equity and borrowing costs were considered to reach the weighted average cost of capital for each sector for each year. When excluding the years 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 due to the negative market returns, and evaluating the average of the weighted average cost of capital for each sector, it was found that the industrial sector's weighted average cost of capital was 0.166, the financial sector's was 0.184, and the service sector's was 0.160. Additionally, it was concluded that the highest weighted average cost of capital belonged to the investment trusts, real estate investment trusts, and tourism sectors on average during the sample period, while the lowest belonged to the financial leasing, factoring, banking, and insurance sectors.

References

  • Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. & Marcus, A. J. (2007). Fundamentals of corporate finance. 6th ed., Newyork: McGraw-Hill. Ceylan, A. (1995). Finansal teknikler. Bursa: Ekin Kitapevi Yayınları.
  • Copeland, T., Coller, T. & Murrin, J. (2010).Valuation: measuring and managing the value of the companies. 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Copeland, T.E., Weston, J.F. & Shastri, K. (2005). Financial theory and corporate policy. 4th edition, Addison- Wesley, Boston.
  • Damodaran, A. (2002). Investment valuation. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Damodaran, A. (2011). The little book of valuation - how to value a company, pick a stock and profit. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Echterling, F. & Eierle, B. & Ketterer, S. (2015). A review of the literature on methods of computing the implied cost of capital. International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 42(C), 235-252.
  • Ehrhardt, M. & Brigham E. (2006), Corporate finance - a focused approach. China: Thomson South-Western.
  • https://datastore.borsaistanbul.com
  • https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr
  • https://www.gib.gov.tr
  • https://www.kap.org.tr
  • https://www.tcmb.gov.tr
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası, (2017). 1000 Büyük sanayi kuruluşunun sermaye maliyeti analizi, tematik raporlar-II. İSO Yayın No: 2017/3
  • Kandır, S.Y., Karadeniz E. & Önal, Y. B. (2007). Türkiye’de büyük sanayi işletmelerinde sermaye yapısını etkileyen faktörlerin analizi. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı:2, 145-165.
  • Lintner, J. (1965a). The valuation of risk assets and the selection of risky ınvestments in stock portfolios and capital budgets. Review of Economics and Statistics, February, 47, 13-37.
  • Lintner, J. (1965b). Security prices, risk and maximal gains from diversification. Journal of Finance, December, 20, 587-615.
  • Meyer, T. & Mathonet, P. (2005). Beyond the j-curve managing a portfolio of venture capital and private equity funds. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Modigliani F. & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, C:48, S:3, 261-297.
  • Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a capital asset market. Econometrica, October, 35, 768-83.
  • Moyer, C., McGuigan, J. & Rao, R. (2007). Fundamentals of contemporary financial management. USA: Thomson South-Western.
  • Myers, S.C. & Majluf, N.S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, C:13, S:2. 187-221.
  • Myers, S. C., (2003). The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592.
  • Rehman, R. & Raoof, A. (2010). Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) traditional vs new approach for calculating the value of firm. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 45, 7-9. 44
  • Ross, S.A., Westerfield, R. W. & Jordan, B. D. (2016). Fundamentals of corporate finance. 11th ed, The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Sharpe, W.F. (1964). Capital asset prices: a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19, 425-442.
  • Üreten, A. & Ercan, M. K. (2000). Firma değerinin tespiti ve yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance and Investment (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdinç Karadeniz 0000-0003-2658-8490

Ömer İskenderoğlu 0000-0002-3407-1259

Publication Date January 30, 2025
Submission Date March 30, 2024
Acceptance Date October 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karadeniz, E., & İskenderoğlu, Ö. (2025). BORSA İSTANBUL ENDEKSLERİNE BAĞLI SEKTÖRLERDE AĞIRLIKLI ORTALAMA SERMAYE MALİYETİ. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 32-46.

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