Sosyal Medya Bozukluğu ile İlgili Yaşam Doyumu ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkta Arabulucu Faktörler Olarak Kişilik Özelliklerinin Yol Analiz Modeli

Abstract

Psikolojik ve davranışsal sorunlara yol açan sosyal medya platformlarının artan kullanımı, sosyal medya bozukluğunun diğer psikolojik yapılarla arasındaki nomolojik ağın arttırılmasına yönelik çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesini önermektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, sağlamlık ve yaşam doyumunun sosyal medya bozukluğu üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve nevrotiklik, olumsuz değerlilik ve deneyime açıklığın aracı rolünü belirlemektir Bu araştırma için seçilen değişkenler son çalışmaların kuramsal açıklamalarına dayanmaktadır. Üniversite öğrencileri için sosyal medya kullanım bozukluğunu ölçecek bir ölçek bulunmamasından dolayı, İngilizce dilinde mevcut bir ölçeğin güvenilirliği ve geçerlilik çalışması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, bir yol analiz modeli oluşturularak bu model test edilmiştir. Modelin test edilmesinde kullanılan veri 9 fakültede öğrenim gören 638 öğrencinin görüşlerine başvurularak toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre nevrotiklik, olumsuz değerlilik, dayanıklılık ve yaşam doyumunun üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medya bozukluğunu doğrudan etkilediğine dair kanıtlar oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Ek olarak, sonuçlar, nevrotikliğin ve negatif değerliliğin bazı durumlar için aracı bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar araştırmacılara ve sağlık çalışanları tarafından sosyal medya bozukluklarının daha iyi anlaşılması sağlamıştır ve sosyal medya bozukluğunun olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek için müdahaleler geliştirirken kişilik özelliklerinin önemini dikkate almayı vurgulamaktadır.

Path Analytic Model of Social Media Disorder Related to Life Satisfaction and Resilience with Personality Traits as Mediating Factors

Abstract

Increased use of social media platforms that result in psychological and behavioral problems suggest an effort to increase nomological network of social media disorder with psychological constructs. The main purpose of this research was to test the effect of resilience and satisfaction with life on social media disorder and mediating role of the neuroticism, negative valence and openness to experience. The variables selected for this research are based on theoretical explanations of recent studies. Due to the lack of a scale to measure social media use disorder for university students, reliability and validy study of an existing scale available in English was performed primarily. Later, a path analytic model was constructed and tested. The model was tested with a sample of 638 students from 9 different faculties. The conclusions drawn from this study are substantial, in sum, this study generated evidence that neuroticism, negative valence, resilience and life satisfaction have direct influence on social media disorder among university students. In addition, the results indicated that neuroticism and negative valence plays a mediating role for some circumstances. These conclusions offer researchers and health professionals’ better understanding of social media disorders and stresses on the importance of personality traits when developing interventions to minimize the negative effects of social media disorder. 

Keywords

• Social media disorder,personality,resilience,life satisfaction

References

1. Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289-1295.
2. Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175-184. doi: 10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9.
3. Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501-517.
4. Awang, Z. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling Using Amos Graphic. UITM Press.
5. Barker, V. (2009). Older adolescents’ motivations for social network site use: The influence of gender, group identity, and collective self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 209-213.
6. Błachnio, A., & Przepiorka, A. (2015). Dysfunction of Self-Regulation and Self-Control in Facebook Addiction. The Psychiatric quarterly, 87(3), 493-500.
7. Burrow, A. L., & Rainone, N. (2017). How many likes did I get?: Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 232-236.
8. Campbell-Sills, L., Cohan, S.L., & Stein, M.B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behaviour research and therapy, 44 4, 585-99.

9. Caplan, S. E. (2007). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior: the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality On Behavior and Society, 10(2), pp. 234-42.
10. Čukić, I., & Bates, T.C. (2014). Openness to experience and aesthetic chills : Links to heart rate sympathetic activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 64(0): 152-156.
11. Curun, F. (2001). The effects of sexism and sex role orientation on romantic relationship satisfaction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
12. Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive–behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187-195.
13. Derbyshire, K. L., Lust, K. A., Schreiber, L. R., Odlaug, B. L., Christenson, G. A., Golden, D. J., & Grant, J. E. (2013). Problematic Internet use and associated risks in a college sample. Comprehensive psychiatry, 54(5), 415-422.
14. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
15. Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E. & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99, 413-429.
16. Elphinston, R.A., & Noller, P. (2011). Time to Face It! Facebook Intrusion and the Implications for Romantic Jealousy and Relationship Satisfaction. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 14 11, 631-5.
17. Gençöz, T., & Öncül, Ö. (2012). Examination of personality characteristics in a Turkish sample: development of Basic Personality Traits Inventory. The Journal of general psychology, 139 3, 194-216.
18. Griffiths, M. (2005). A 'components' model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197.
19. Griffiths, M.D., Hussain, Z., Grüsser, S., Thalemann, R., Cole, H. Davies, M.N.O. & Chappell, D. (2013). Social interactions in online gaming. In P. Felicia (Ed.), Developments in Current Game-Based Learning Design and Deployment (pp.74-90). Pennsylvania: IGI Global.
20. Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social Networking Addiction: An Overview of Preliminary Findings. In Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment (pp. 119-141). Elsevier Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00006-9
21. Global Digital Reports (2019). Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019 in Januart 21, 2019.
22. Guadagno, R.E., Okdie, B.M. and Eno, C.A. (2008). Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging. Computers in Human Behavior. 24(5): 1993-2004.
23. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition). NJ: Prentice Hall.
24. Hambleton, R. (2001). The next generation of the ITC Test translation and adaptation guidelines. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 17, 164–172.
25. Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576–586.
26. Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 93-98.
27. Herringer, L. G. (1998). Facets of extraversion related to life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(5), 731-733.
28. Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. & Taher, M. (2013). The Relationship between Personality Traits with Life Satisfaction. Sociology Mind, 3, 99-105. doi: 10.4236/sm.2013.31015.
29. Hou, X.-L., Wang, H.-Z., Guo, C., Gaskin, J., Rost, D. H., & Wang, J.-L. (2017). Psychological resilience can help combat the effect of stress on problematic social networking site usage. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 61-66.
30. Kostic, O. J., Pedović, I. & Panić, T.. (2018). Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I-POE). Temida. 21. 207-227.
31. Kross E, Verduyn P, Demiralp E, et al. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PloS One 2013; 8:e69841.
32. Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013a). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966.
33. Kuss, D.J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2011). Addiction to social networks on the internet: A literature review of empirical research. International Journal of Environment and Public Health, 8, 3528-3552.
34. Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D., Karila, L. & Billieux, J. (2014). Internet addiction: A systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20, 4026-4052.
35. Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E. &Karpinski, A.C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students, Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014) 343–350
36. Lounsbury, J.W. (2004). An Investigation of Personality Traits in Relation to Intention to Withdraw From College. Journal of College Student Development, 45, 517-534.
37. Makaya, M., Oshio, A., & Kaneko, H. (2006). Correlations for adolescent resilience scale with big five personality traits. Psychological Reports, 98(3), 927-930.
38. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus User’s Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
39. Narayanan, A. (2008). The Resilient Individual: A Personality Analysis. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. (Vol. 34, pp. 110-118).
40. Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), 652-657.
41. Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (2004). Personality and Life Satisfaction: A Facet-Level Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), 1062-1075.
42. Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200.
43. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
44. SPSS: IBM Corp. Released (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
45. Tang, J. M. Chen, C. Yang, T. Chung, L. et al., (2016). Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction, Telematics and Informatics, 33(1): 102-108.
46. Tokunaga, R. S., & Rains, S. A. (2010). An evaluation of two characterizations of the relationships between problematic Internet use, time spent using the Internet, and psychosocial problems. Human Communication Research, 36, 512–545. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01386.x
47. Valenzuela, S., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is There Social Capital in a Social Network Site?: Facebook Use and College Students' Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 14(4), 875-901. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
48. Van den Eijnden, R.J.J.M., Lemmens, J.S. ve Valkenburg, P.M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computer in Human Behavior, 61, 478-487.
49. Van Rooij AJ, Prause N (2014). A critical review of “Internet addiction” criteria with suggestions for the future. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 3, 4, 203-213.
50. Wang P, Wang X, Wu Y, et al. (2018) Social networking sites addiction and adolescent depression: A moderated mediation model of rumination and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences 127: 162–167.
51. Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., & Su, Z. Q. (2012). The relationships among the Big Five Personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese University students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2313-2319.
52. Aftab, R., Celik, İ., & Sarıçam, H. (2015). Facebook addiction and social emotional learning skills. Ozean Journal of Social Science, 8(2), 108-120.
53. Andreassen, C.S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M.D. (2017). The relationship between excessive online social networking, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.
54. Best, J.W. & Kahn, J.V. (2006). Research in Education. 10th Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Cape Town.
55. Bozoglan, B., Demirer, V. & Sahin, I. (2013) Loneliness, self-esteem, and life satisfaction as predictors of Internet addiction: A cross-sectional study among Turkish university students. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54, 313-319.
56. Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
57. Ekşi, H. & Çftçi, M. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanım durumlarının dinî inanç ve ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerine göre yordanması. ADDICTA: The Turkish Journal On Addictions, 4(2), 181‒206.
58. Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J. H. & Hjemdal, O. (2005), Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14: 29-42.
59. Gloria, C. T., & Steinhardt, M. A. ( 2016) Relationships Among Positive Emotions, Coping, Resilience and Mental Health. Stress Health, 32: 145– 156.
60. Grant F, Guille C, & Sen S (2013) Well-Being and the Risk of Depression under Stress. PLoS ONE, 8(7): e67395. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067395
61. Hong FY, Huang DH, Lin HY, & Chiu SL (2014) Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage, and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese university students. Telematics and Informatics 31(4): 597-606.
62. Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A. (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 561-569.
63. Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş.B., & Griffiths, M.D. (2018). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the big five of personality, social media platforms and social media use motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6
64. Kraut, R., Mukhopadhyay, T., Szczypula, J., Kiesler, S., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Communication and information: Alternative uses of the Internet in households. In Proceedings of the CHI 98 (pp. 368-383). New York: ACM.
65. Kuss, D.J. , Van Rooıj, A.J., Shorter, G.W., Griffiths, M.D. & Van de Mheen, D., (2013b). Internet addiction in adolescents: prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5): 1987-1996.
66. Lavin M.J, Yuen C.N, Weinman M & Kozak K (2004). Internet dependence in the collegiate population: the role of shyness. Cyberpsychol Behav., 7(4):379–383.
67. Savci M, & Aysan F. (2017). Social-emotional model of internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 27:349–358.
68. Şahin, C, & Yağcı, M. (2017), Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 18(1): 523-538.
69. Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality, 70(3), 345-384.
70. Whiting, A. & Williams, D. (2013) "Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach", Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol. 16 Issue: 4, pp.362-369, https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-06-2013-0041.
71. Wu, X., Chen, X., Han, J., Meng, H., Luo, J., Nydegger, L., et al. (2013). Prevalence and factors of addictive internet use among adolescents in Wuhan, China: Interactions of parental relationship with age and hyperactivity-impulsivity. PloS One, 8(4), 61782.