Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kuveykırlar ve İsrail-Filistin Çatışması

Year 2024, , 83 - 98, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1440858

Abstract

7 Ekim 2023’te Hamas’ın saldırılarıyla başlayan, İsrail’in orantısız güç kullanımıyla süren Gazze’deki savaş ürkütücü seviyelere ulaşmıştır. Birçok Batılı kentte ağırlıklı olarak göçmenlerin katılımıyla protesto eylemleri vuku bulsa da genel olarak Batı kamuoyunun İsrail’in Gazze’de yarattığı vahşete ilgisiz kaldığı söylenebilir. Bu makale, istisnai bir duruş sergileyen bir dinî grup olarak Kuveykırların özel olarak İsrail-Filistin Savaşı, genel olarak da ‘savaş-şiddet’ karşısındaki tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamakta ve anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Buna uygun olarak, önce Kuveykırlık ve kurucu ismi olan George Fox hakkında genel bir giriş yapacak, sonra Kuveykırların “İçsel Işık” anlayışları ve “Barış Şahitliği” prensiplerini analiz edecektir. Son olarak da Kuveykırların sözkonusu savaşla ilgili yaklaşık yüz yıllık faaliyetlerine odaklanarak Batı uygarlığı içinde Kuveykırlığın, konuya dair istisnaîliği argümanını temellendirmeye çalışacaktır.

References

  • Anderson, Paul. N. “Quakers and the Nobel Peace Prize—Antecedents and Continuing Peace Work”, (2022). Erişim: 26.01.2024, https://www.academia.edu/67563228/_Quakers_and_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_Antecedents_and_Continuing_Peace_Work.
  • Cantor, Geoffrey. “The Bible, the Creation, and the Inward Light: Tensions within Quaker Science”, University of Leeds, (2006): 1-18. Erişim: 25.10.2023, https://fundacionorotava.org/media/web/files/page147__10_ing_Cantor_QuakerScience.pdf.
  • Collins, Peter Jeffrey. “On Resistance: The Case of 17th Century Quakers”. Durham Anthropology Journal 16/2 (2009): 8-22.
  • Dandelion, Pink. The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Davies, Adrian. The Quakers in English Society 1655–1725. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • DiMenichi, Sharlee. “Quakers React to Israel Defense Forces–Hamas War”. Erişim: 30.11.2023, https://www.friendsjournal.org/quakers-react-to-israel-defense-forces-hamas-war/.
  • Ellis, George. The Quakers: A Brief Introduction. Cape Town, South Africa: 1980.
  • Religious Society of Friends. “Faith and Practice”. The Book of Discipline of the New York Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, 2001.
  • Religious Society of Friends. “Faith and Practice”. The Book of Discipline of the New York Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. 2012.
  • Farrow, Jo. “Discernment in Quaker Tradition” The Way 64 (1989): 51-62. Erişim: 25.10.2023, https://www.theway.org.uk/back/s064Farrow.pdf .
  • Grubb, Edward M. A. Authority and The Light Within, 2. bs., Londra: Clarke, 1909.
  • Hamm, D. Thomas. The Quakers in America. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Murray-Rust, David M. “Quakers in Brief” or “Quakerism Made Easy” (An over-view of the Quaker movement from 1650 to 1990). Merseyside, UK: Birkenhead Meeting, 1995.
  • Palmer, Thompson. Vail. “Religiously-Based Pacifism”, Shrewsbury Lecture, published by Manasquan and Shrewsbury Monthly Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends (1968), erişim: 25.10.2023, https://shrewsburyquakers.org/article/shrewsbury-lectures.
  • Sibley, Mulford Quickert. “What Canst Thou Say? – Quakerism And Religious Authority”. Authority and Mysticism in Quaker and Buddhist Thought, ed. Mulford Q. Sibley & Rhoda R. Gilman (2007), Quaker Universalist Fellowship (QUF) June 1998, republished electronically ©2007 by QUF. Erişim: 25.10.2023, www.quakeruniversalist.org.
  • Smith, Monika. “The History & Origin of Quakers”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quakersaustralia.info/sites/aym-members/files/pages/files/The%20History%20%26%20Origin%20of%20Quakers.pdf.
  • Steinbock, Daniel. Making Silence Together: Collaboration in The Silent Gatherings of Quakers. Doktora Tezi, Stanford: Unpublished Dissertation Submitted to the School of Education and the Committee on Graduate Studies of Stanford University, 2012.
  • Van Der Sprenkel, Otto Berkelbach. Friends and Other Faiths. Canberra: The Ninth James Backhouse Lecture, 1973.
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • Canadian Friends Service Committee. Erişim: 15.12.2023, https://quakerservice.ca/news/joint-letter-calls-for-a-ceasefire-in-gaza/
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quaker.org.uk/news-and-events/news/statement-on-israel-palestine
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, www.quaker.org.uk (Settlements-boycott-press-release-April-2011), https://www.quaker.org.uk/documents/settlements-boycott-minute-february-2011.
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, www.quaker.org.uk (Yearly Meeting Gathering August 2014 Gaza statement), https://www.quaker.org.uk/documents/yearly-meeting-gathering-august-2014-gaza-statement.
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quaker.org.uk/news-and-events/news/quakers-will-not-profit-from-the-occupation-of-palestine.
  • “Quaker organisations share vision for peace in Palestine and Israel”. Erişim: 11.05.2024, https://www.qcea.org/a-different-future-is-possible-quaker-organisations-share-vision-for-peace-in-palestine-and-israel/
  • Quakers in Ireland, “The Religious Society of Friends, IQFA Street Collection For Gaza – Galway”, March 9 (March 8, 2024). Erişim: 11.05.2024, https://quakers-in-ireland.ie/2024/03/08/iqfa-street-collection-for-gaza-galway-march-9/.
  • Quno. “Quaker United Nations Office”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://quno.org/timeline/2023/10/quaker-organisations-call-ceasefire-and-humanitarian-protections-gaza.
  • “AFRC responds to latest Israeli/Palestinian killings (28 Mart 2002)”. Erişim: 14.05.2024, https://reliefweb.int/report/israel/afrc-responds-latest-israelipalestinian-killings.
  • “AFSC’s Gaza Emergency Relief, 28 Oct 2023)”. Erişim: 30.12.2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/afscs-gaza-emergency-relief.

Quakers and the Israel-Palestine War

Year 2024, , 83 - 98, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1440858

Abstract

The war in Gaza, which started with the attacks of Hamas on October 7, 2023, and continued with the disproportionate use of force by Israel, has reached frightening levels. Although protests took place in many Western cities, mainly with the participation of immigrants, it can be said that the Western public generally remained indifferent to the brutality caused by Israel in Gaza. This article aims to examine and try to understand the attitudes of the Quakers, as a religious group with an exceptional stance, towards the Israel-Palestine War in particular and ‘war-violence’ in general. In accordance with this purpose, the article will first give a general introduction about the Quakers and its founder, George Fox, and then analyze the Quakers’ understanding of “Inner Light” and “Peace Testimony” principles. Finally, the article will try to ground the argument of the exceptionality of the Quakers within Western civilization by focusing on the actual attitudes and activities of the Quakers regarding the war in question for nearly a century.

References

  • Anderson, Paul. N. “Quakers and the Nobel Peace Prize—Antecedents and Continuing Peace Work”, (2022). Erişim: 26.01.2024, https://www.academia.edu/67563228/_Quakers_and_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_Antecedents_and_Continuing_Peace_Work.
  • Cantor, Geoffrey. “The Bible, the Creation, and the Inward Light: Tensions within Quaker Science”, University of Leeds, (2006): 1-18. Erişim: 25.10.2023, https://fundacionorotava.org/media/web/files/page147__10_ing_Cantor_QuakerScience.pdf.
  • Collins, Peter Jeffrey. “On Resistance: The Case of 17th Century Quakers”. Durham Anthropology Journal 16/2 (2009): 8-22.
  • Dandelion, Pink. The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Davies, Adrian. The Quakers in English Society 1655–1725. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • DiMenichi, Sharlee. “Quakers React to Israel Defense Forces–Hamas War”. Erişim: 30.11.2023, https://www.friendsjournal.org/quakers-react-to-israel-defense-forces-hamas-war/.
  • Ellis, George. The Quakers: A Brief Introduction. Cape Town, South Africa: 1980.
  • Religious Society of Friends. “Faith and Practice”. The Book of Discipline of the New York Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, 2001.
  • Religious Society of Friends. “Faith and Practice”. The Book of Discipline of the New York Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. 2012.
  • Farrow, Jo. “Discernment in Quaker Tradition” The Way 64 (1989): 51-62. Erişim: 25.10.2023, https://www.theway.org.uk/back/s064Farrow.pdf .
  • Grubb, Edward M. A. Authority and The Light Within, 2. bs., Londra: Clarke, 1909.
  • Hamm, D. Thomas. The Quakers in America. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Murray-Rust, David M. “Quakers in Brief” or “Quakerism Made Easy” (An over-view of the Quaker movement from 1650 to 1990). Merseyside, UK: Birkenhead Meeting, 1995.
  • Palmer, Thompson. Vail. “Religiously-Based Pacifism”, Shrewsbury Lecture, published by Manasquan and Shrewsbury Monthly Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends (1968), erişim: 25.10.2023, https://shrewsburyquakers.org/article/shrewsbury-lectures.
  • Sibley, Mulford Quickert. “What Canst Thou Say? – Quakerism And Religious Authority”. Authority and Mysticism in Quaker and Buddhist Thought, ed. Mulford Q. Sibley & Rhoda R. Gilman (2007), Quaker Universalist Fellowship (QUF) June 1998, republished electronically ©2007 by QUF. Erişim: 25.10.2023, www.quakeruniversalist.org.
  • Smith, Monika. “The History & Origin of Quakers”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quakersaustralia.info/sites/aym-members/files/pages/files/The%20History%20%26%20Origin%20of%20Quakers.pdf.
  • Steinbock, Daniel. Making Silence Together: Collaboration in The Silent Gatherings of Quakers. Doktora Tezi, Stanford: Unpublished Dissertation Submitted to the School of Education and the Committee on Graduate Studies of Stanford University, 2012.
  • Van Der Sprenkel, Otto Berkelbach. Friends and Other Faiths. Canberra: The Ninth James Backhouse Lecture, 1973.
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • Canadian Friends Service Committee. Erişim: 15.12.2023, https://quakerservice.ca/news/joint-letter-calls-for-a-ceasefire-in-gaza/
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quaker.org.uk/news-and-events/news/statement-on-israel-palestine
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, www.quaker.org.uk (Settlements-boycott-press-release-April-2011), https://www.quaker.org.uk/documents/settlements-boycott-minute-february-2011.
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, www.quaker.org.uk (Yearly Meeting Gathering August 2014 Gaza statement), https://www.quaker.org.uk/documents/yearly-meeting-gathering-august-2014-gaza-statement.
  • “Quakers in Britain”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://www.quaker.org.uk/news-and-events/news/quakers-will-not-profit-from-the-occupation-of-palestine.
  • “Quaker organisations share vision for peace in Palestine and Israel”. Erişim: 11.05.2024, https://www.qcea.org/a-different-future-is-possible-quaker-organisations-share-vision-for-peace-in-palestine-and-israel/
  • Quakers in Ireland, “The Religious Society of Friends, IQFA Street Collection For Gaza – Galway”, March 9 (March 8, 2024). Erişim: 11.05.2024, https://quakers-in-ireland.ie/2024/03/08/iqfa-street-collection-for-gaza-galway-march-9/.
  • Quno. “Quaker United Nations Office”. Erişim: 25.11.2023, https://quno.org/timeline/2023/10/quaker-organisations-call-ceasefire-and-humanitarian-protections-gaza.
  • “AFRC responds to latest Israeli/Palestinian killings (28 Mart 2002)”. Erişim: 14.05.2024, https://reliefweb.int/report/israel/afrc-responds-latest-israelipalestinian-killings.
  • “AFSC’s Gaza Emergency Relief, 28 Oct 2023)”. Erişim: 30.12.2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/afscs-gaza-emergency-relief.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Christian Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Özbaş 0000-0001-8428-1193

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 21, 2024
Acceptance Date May 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

ISNAD Özbaş, Mustafa. “Kuveykırlar Ve İsrail-Filistin Çatışması”. Oksident 6/1 (June 2024), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1440858.