Modern Dönem Yahudilikte Süleyman Mabedi'ni Yeniden İnşa Girişimi: III. Mabet Hareketi'nin Doğuşu

Year 2020, , 221 - 257, 31.12.2020

Hatice Kübra Baktemur

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4394492

Abstract

Yahudi geleneği içerisinde, M.S. 70 yılında Süleyman Mabedi'nin yıkılmasının ardından III. Mabet’in mesihî kurtuluş döneminde Tanrı tarafından gönderilecek bir Mesih öncülüğünde mucizevi bir biçimde yeniden inşa edileceği inancı kabul edilmiştir. Yahudiler bu inanç doğrultusunda XX. yüzyıla kadar pasif bir bekleyiş süreci içerisine girmişlerdir. XX. yüzyılda yaşanan gelişmeler, Dini Siyonizm’in İsrail Devleti’nin mesihî kurtuluşun bir aracı olduğu kabulüne dayanan doktrininin geniş kitleler tarafından benimsenmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak bu dönemde İsrail Devleti tarafından yürütülen politikaların dindar Siyonistler tarafından hayal kırıklığıyla karşılanması, III. Mabet Hareketi olarak adlandırılan fundamentalist bir hareketin doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu hareket Kudüs’te bulunan Mabet Tepesi’ndeki İslami mirası yok ederek yerine III. Mabet’i inşa etmeyi hedeflemektedir. III. Mabet Hareketi'ne mensup aktivistlerin nihai amacı ise bölgede teokratik düzene dayalı bir krallık kurmaktır. Geleneksel Yahudi inancında Mesih geldikten sonra gerçekleşmesi beklenen bu hadise, III. Mabet aktivistleri tarafından, Tanrı’nın tarihe mucizevi bir biçimde müdahalesi reddedilip kurtuluşun insan eliyle gerçekleşeceği kabulü esas alınarak tamamlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, günümüzde Kudüs'te ortaya çıkan siyasi krizlerde önemli bir pay sahibi olan III. Mabet Hareketi’nin doğuşuna zemin hazırlayan tarihsel sürecin ve hareketin genel özelliklerinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi, Kudüs, Yahudilik, Süleyman Mabedi, Mabet, Tapınak, Mabet Tepesi, Üçüncü Mabet Hareketi, Yahudi Fundamentalizmi

An Attempt to Rebuild the Temple of Solomon in the Contemporary Judaism: the Emergence of the Third Temple Movement

Abstract

In the Jewish tradition, after the destruction of the Temple of Solomon in 70 CE, it is accepted that the Third Temple will be miraculously rebuilt under the leadership of a Messiah who will be sent by God during the messianic salvation period. In this belief, Jews have entered a passive waiting period until the 20th century. That being said, developments in the 20th century led to the doctrine of Religious Zionism, which is based on the acceptance of the State of Israel being the instrument of the messianic salvation period, being widely adopted. However, the disillusionment of religious Zionists for the policies of the Israeli State has led to the emergence of a fundamentalist movement called the Third Temple Movement. This movement aims to destroy the Islamic heritage and build the Third Temple in its place on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The most important aim of the Third Temple activists is to establish a theocratic kingdom in the region. This event, which is expected to take place after the arrival of the Messiah according to the traditional Jewish belief, is trying to be realized by the activists of the Third Temple Movement. In this effort, they reject God's miraculous intervention in history, affirming instead that salvation will be realized by human hands. In this study, the emergence of the Third Temple Movement which continues to play a critical role in the current political crises being experienced in the region and the characteristics of the Third Temple Movement, have been put forth.

Keywords

History of Religions, Jerusalem, Judaism, Solomon's Temple, Temple, Temple Mount, Third Temple Movement, Jewish Fundamentalism

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