Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nde Enterdi Uygulamaları

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 83 - 104, 31.12.2021

Emine Meydan Ahmet Güç

https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1000564

Abstract

Enterdi, papa veya papanın yetki verdiği ruhbanların kişileri, toplulukları veya bir ülkeyi kiliseden, kilisenin sağladığı vaftiz, nikâh, dinî usullere göre gömülme gibi hizmetlerden mahrum etmesidir. Bu yasaklar belli bir süre için olabileceği gibi uzun yıllar da devam edebilir. Önceleri bir ıslah çabası olarak görülen enterdi zamanla otoriter güç uygulamasına dönüşmüştür. Aforoz cezasının bir nevi hafifletilmiş hali gibi görülen enterdi X. yüzyıldan itibaren tarih sahnesine çıkmıştır. Uygulamanın bu isimle anılması XII. yüzyılda yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Orta Çağ -özellikle XII. ve XIII. yüzyıllar- enterdinin kademeli şekilde papalar tarafından geliştirildiği ve yoğun olarak kullanıldığı çağdır. 1198’de İngiltere ve Leon, 1199’da Normandiya ve Fransa, 1200’de Fransa ve 1208’de İngiltere Krallıklarına verilen enterdi cezaları tarih kitaplarında yer almıştır. Bu makale, Türkiye’de Dinler Tarihi alanında nispeten ihmal edilmiş olan enterdi konusunda bilgi vermek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Bu açıdan enterdinin tanımı, etkileri, aforozdan ayrılması, papalar tarafından geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması konu edilmiştir.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi, Enterdi, Aforoz, Orta Çağ, Kilise

Interdict Practices in the Roman Catholic Church

Abstract

Interdict is the deprivation of people, communities, or a country from the church or the services provided by the church, such as baptism, marriage, and burial according to religious procedures, by the pope or the clergy authorized by the pope. These prohibitions may remain for a certain period or continue for many years. The interdict was initially seen as a reforming effort and was later used as an authoritarian power. The practice of interdict, seen as a kind of mitigation of the punishment of excommunication, started in the 10th century. It is seen that the practice became established with this name in the XII century. Medieval -especially the 12th and 13th centuries- is when the interdict was developed and used extensively by popes. The interdiction punishments to England and Leon in 1198, Normandy and France in 1199, France in 1200, and England in 1208 took place in the history books. This article gives information about interdict, a relatively neglected subject in the History of Religions in Turkey. Thus, it deals with the definition of the interdict, its distinction from excommunication, its development, and its use by popes.

Keywords

History of Religions, Interdict, excommunication, Medieval, church

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