Yahudi Geleneğinde Aile: Tobit Kitabı Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 257 - 271, 31.12.2024

Kübra Karaköz

https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1567230

Abstract

Yahudilikte aile, bireyin manevi gelişiminde ve toplumsal kimliğin korunmasında temel rol oynar. Aile, dinî öğretilerin, kültürel değerlerin şekillendiği ve geleceğe aktarıldığı yapıdır. Yahudilik, ebeveynlerin çocuklarına dinî ve ahlaki sorumlulukları öğretmesini, toplumsal devamlılık için vazgeçilmez bir görev olarak kabul eder. Tanrı ile merkezi bir ilişkisi olan aile, diaspora dönemlerinde dahi kimlik ve inancın en sağlam koruyucusu olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu, bireyin kimlik ve aidiyet duygusunu pekiştirirken, Yahudi toplumu için bir kültürel direniş mekânı haline gelir. Yahudi geleneğinde sıkça karşılaşılan bu tema Tobit Kitabı’nda da yer almaktadır. Dönemin diaspora Yahudileri için kültürün ve geleneğin devamlılığı konusunda öneme sahip Tobit Kitabı, ailenin rolünü vurgulayan bir anlatıdır. İlahi rehberlik, gelenek, Yahudilik, ölüm-erginleme, vatan, yol, sürgün, aile, toplum, kültür, inanış, sadaka, iyilik ve duanın ön planda olduğu kitap, Yahudi kimliğinin sürekliliği açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, eserin edebî dili ve içeriğini temel alarak tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamda eseri incelemeyi ve Tobit Kitabı’ndaki aile kavramını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi, Yahudilik, Diaspora, Aile, Tobit, Tobiyah

Family in Jewish Tradition: The Case of the Book of Tobit

Abstract

In Judaism, the family plays a fundamental role in the spiritual development of the individual and the preservation of social identity. The family is the structure where religious teachings and cultural values are shaped and passed on to future generations. Judaism considers the teaching of religious and moral responsibilities by parents to their children as an indispensable duty for social continuity. The family, which has a central relationship with God, has been regarded as the strongest protector of identity and faith even during the diaspora periods. This reinforces the individual’s sense of identity and belonging, while also becoming a site of cultural resistance for the Jewish community. This theme, frequently encountered in Jewish tradition, is also present in the Book of Tobit. The Book of Tobit, significant for the continuity of culture and tradition for the diaspora Jews of the time, is a narrative that emphasizes the role of the family. With divine guidance, tradition, Judaism, death-rites, homeland, journey, exile, family, society, culture, belief, charity, goodness, and prayer at the forefront, the book is important for the continuity of Jewish identity. This study aims to examine the work within its historical and cultural context based on its literary language and content and to explain the concept of family in the Book of Tobit.

Keywords

History of Religions, Judaism, Diaspora, Family, Tobit, Tobiyah

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