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Nesnelerin İnterneti Uç Bilişimde Otomatik Kodlayıcı Sinir Ağının Rolüne İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2022, , 1383 - 1392, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1037534

Abstract

İnternete bağlı IoT cihazların sayısındaki hızlı artış ile çok büyük miktarda veri üretilip, depolanmak ve analiz edilmek üzere Bulut Bilişim düğümlerine gönderilir. IoT cihazlar enerji, hesaplama gücü ve depolama açısından kısıtlı makineler olmasından dolayı, Bulut Bilişim depolama ve veri analizi için etkili bir paradigmadır. Bulut Bilişimin avantajlarına rağmen, genellikle uzun mesafelerde konumlandığı için trafik sıkışıklığı ve gecikmelere neden olur. Bunun yanında, güvenlik ve gizlilik meseleleri de Bulut Bilişimin dezavantajlarındandır. Uç bilişim hesaplama gücünü veri kaynağına yaklaştırarak Bulut Bilişimin kusurlarını bertaraf edecek umut verici bir sistemdir. Uç Bilişim, IoT cihazdan daha fazla; Bulut Bilişimden ise daha az hesaplama gücüne sahip. Uç Bilişim ile, Bulut Bilişimin olumsuzlukları azalmasına rağmen, tamamen ortadan kalkmaz. Çünkü, yoğun hesaplamalı görevlerin hala uçtan bulut kaynaklarına gönderilmesi gerekir. Autoencoder, girdi verisini etkili bir şekilde kodlar/sıkıştırır ve orijinal girdi verisine daha yakın olacak şekilde kodu çözmeyi öğrenen denetimsiz sinir ağı tekniğidir. Uç bilişim ve Bulut Bilişimdeki veri trafiği ve gecikmeyi azaltmak için ideal bir aday. Bütün veriyi buluta göndermek yerine, girdi verilerinin kodlandığı yer olan darboğaz gizli katman verileri uçtan buluta gönderilir. Sıkıştırılmış veri öğrenilmesi ve analiz edilmesi amacıyla orijinal inputa döndürmek için bulutta çözülür. Bu çalışmada, ağ trafiği ve gecikme açısından Autoencoder’ın uç bilişimde kullanan çalışmaları ve performans etkilerini araştırdık. Uç ve bulut katman arasında Autoencoder kullanan çalışmaların performans sonuçları büyük veri, ağ trafiği ve doğruluk açısından değerlendirildi.

References

  • AbdulsalamYa’u G., Job GK., Waziri SM., Jaafar B. SabonGari NA; Yakubu IZ, Deep learning for detecting ransomware in edge computing devices based on autoencoder classifier. 2019 4th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT), 13-14 December 2019, 240–243, India.
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  • Al-Fuqaha A., Guizani M; Mohammadi M., Aledhari M., Ayyash M. Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials 2015; 17(4): 2347–2376.
  • Feng Y., Liu Z., Chen J., Lv H., Wang J., Yuan J. Make the rocket intelligent at iot edge: Stepwise gan for anomaly detection of lre with multi-source fusion. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2021.
  • Ge M., Bangui H., Buhnova B. Big data for internet of things: a survey. Future generation computer systems 2018; 87: 601–614.
  • Ghosh AM., Grolinger K. Deep learning: Edgecloud data analytics for iot. 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 5-8 May 2019, 1-7, Canada.
  • Ghosh AM., Grolinger K. Edge-cloud computing for internet of things data analytics: Embedding intelligence in the edge with deep learning. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2020; 17(3): 2191–2200.
  • Goodfellow I., Bengio Y., Courville A. Deep learning. MIT press; 2016.
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  • Khan WZ., Ahmed E., Hakak S., Yaqoob I., Ahmed A. Edge computing: A survey, Future Generation Computer Systems. 2019; 97: 219–235.
  • Kim S., Park S., Lee SH., Yang T. Smart parking with learningaided user activity sensing based on edge computing. 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), 9-12 January 2021, 1–2, Virtual Conference.
  • Li R., Li Q., Zhou J., Jiang Y. Adriot: An edge-assisted anomaly detection framework against iot-based network attacks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2021.
  • L’heureux A., Grolinger K., Elyamany HF., Capretz MA. Machine learning with big data: Challenges and approaches. IEEE Access 2017; 5: 7776–7797.
  • Mach P., Becvar Z. Mobile edge computing: A survey on architecture and computation offloading. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2017; 19(3): 1628–1656.
  • Pan J., McElhannon J. Future edge cloud and edge computing for internet of things applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2017; 5(1): 439–449.
  • Satyanarayanan M., Bahl P., Caceres R., Davies N. The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE pervasive Computing 2009; 8(4): 14–23.
  • Savic M., Lukic M., Danilovic D., Bodroski Z., Bajovi´c D., Mezei I., Vukobratovic D., Skrbic S., Jakoveti´c D. Deep learning anomaly detection for cellular iot with applications in smart logistics. IEEE Access 2021; 9: 59406–59419.
  • Shi W., Dustdar S. The promise of edge computing. Computer 2016; 49(5): 78–81.
  • Tzagkarakis C., Petroulakis N., Ioannidis S. Botnet attack detection at the iot edge based on sparse representation. 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS), 17-21 June 2019, 1–6, Denmark.
  • Ullah R., Ahmed SH., Kim BS. Information-centric networking with edge computing for iot: Research challenges and future directions. IEEE Access 2018; 6: 73465–73488.
  • Wang F., Zhang M., Wang X., Ma X., Liu J. Deep learning for edge computing applications: A state-of-the-art survey. IEEE Access 2020; 8: 58322–58336.
  • Zanella A., Bui N., Castellani A., Vangelista L., Zorzi M. Internetof things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal 2014; 1(1): 22–32.
  • Challenges in real-world edge computing architecture, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/internet-of-things/iot-edge-computing-architecture.html. Cisco, Accessed:2021-08-15.

An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing

Year 2022, , 1383 - 1392, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1037534

Abstract

With rapid increase in numbers of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices, huge amount of data is generated and sent to Cloud Computing nodes to be stored and analysed. Cloud computing is an effective paradigm for storage and data analysis since IoT devices are restricted machines in terms of energy, computation power and storage. Despite the advantages of cloud computing, it causes network congestion and latency due to generally located at long distances. Besides, security and privacy issues are also drawbacks of the cloud. Edge Computing is a promising system to eliminate the flaws of cloud computing by getting computational power closer to data sources. Edge Computing has more computation power than IoTD but lower than cloud computing. Although the deficiencies of cloud computing decrease with edge computing, they are not completely eliminated because computation intensive tasks still should be sent from edge to cloud resources. Since Autoencoder is an unsupervised neural network technique that learns to efficiently encode/compress input data and learns to efficiently decode it as closer to the original input, it is an ideal candidate for reducing data traffic and latency in edge computing and cloud computing. Instead of sending all data to the cloud, the data of bottleneck hidden layers in which input data is encoded are sent from edge to cloud. The compressed data is decoded on the cloud to reconstruct the original input to be analysed and learnt. In this paper, we investigate the studies using AE in edge computing and their performance implications with respect to network traffic and delay. The performance results of the proposals that have used autoencoder between edge and cloud layer are evaluated in terms of eliminating big data, network traffic and accuracy.

References

  • AbdulsalamYa’u G., Job GK., Waziri SM., Jaafar B. SabonGari NA; Yakubu IZ, Deep learning for detecting ransomware in edge computing devices based on autoencoder classifier. 2019 4th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT), 13-14 December 2019, 240–243, India.
  • Akyildiz IF., Vuran MC. Wireless sensor networks. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
  • Alpaydın E. Introduction to machine learning. 3rd ed. London:MIT Press; 2014.
  • Al-Fuqaha A., Guizani M; Mohammadi M., Aledhari M., Ayyash M. Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials 2015; 17(4): 2347–2376.
  • Feng Y., Liu Z., Chen J., Lv H., Wang J., Yuan J. Make the rocket intelligent at iot edge: Stepwise gan for anomaly detection of lre with multi-source fusion. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2021.
  • Ge M., Bangui H., Buhnova B. Big data for internet of things: a survey. Future generation computer systems 2018; 87: 601–614.
  • Ghosh AM., Grolinger K. Deep learning: Edgecloud data analytics for iot. 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 5-8 May 2019, 1-7, Canada.
  • Ghosh AM., Grolinger K. Edge-cloud computing for internet of things data analytics: Embedding intelligence in the edge with deep learning. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2020; 17(3): 2191–2200.
  • Goodfellow I., Bengio Y., Courville A. Deep learning. MIT press; 2016.
  • Jiang F., Wang K., Dong L., Pan C., Yang K. Stacked autoencoder-based deep reinforcement learning for online resource scheduling in large-scale mec networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2020; 7(10): 9278–9290.
  • Khan WZ., Ahmed E., Hakak S., Yaqoob I., Ahmed A. Edge computing: A survey, Future Generation Computer Systems. 2019; 97: 219–235.
  • Kim S., Park S., Lee SH., Yang T. Smart parking with learningaided user activity sensing based on edge computing. 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), 9-12 January 2021, 1–2, Virtual Conference.
  • Li R., Li Q., Zhou J., Jiang Y. Adriot: An edge-assisted anomaly detection framework against iot-based network attacks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2021.
  • L’heureux A., Grolinger K., Elyamany HF., Capretz MA. Machine learning with big data: Challenges and approaches. IEEE Access 2017; 5: 7776–7797.
  • Mach P., Becvar Z. Mobile edge computing: A survey on architecture and computation offloading. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2017; 19(3): 1628–1656.
  • Pan J., McElhannon J. Future edge cloud and edge computing for internet of things applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2017; 5(1): 439–449.
  • Satyanarayanan M., Bahl P., Caceres R., Davies N. The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE pervasive Computing 2009; 8(4): 14–23.
  • Savic M., Lukic M., Danilovic D., Bodroski Z., Bajovi´c D., Mezei I., Vukobratovic D., Skrbic S., Jakoveti´c D. Deep learning anomaly detection for cellular iot with applications in smart logistics. IEEE Access 2021; 9: 59406–59419.
  • Shi W., Dustdar S. The promise of edge computing. Computer 2016; 49(5): 78–81.
  • Tzagkarakis C., Petroulakis N., Ioannidis S. Botnet attack detection at the iot edge based on sparse representation. 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS), 17-21 June 2019, 1–6, Denmark.
  • Ullah R., Ahmed SH., Kim BS. Information-centric networking with edge computing for iot: Research challenges and future directions. IEEE Access 2018; 6: 73465–73488.
  • Wang F., Zhang M., Wang X., Ma X., Liu J. Deep learning for edge computing applications: A state-of-the-art survey. IEEE Access 2020; 8: 58322–58336.
  • Zanella A., Bui N., Castellani A., Vangelista L., Zorzi M. Internetof things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal 2014; 1(1): 22–32.
  • Challenges in real-world edge computing architecture, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/internet-of-things/iot-edge-computing-architecture.html. Cisco, Accessed:2021-08-15.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Software
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Aygül Tekin Kakız This is me 0000-0001-7372-0664

Ar. Gör. Muhammet Talha Kakız 0000-0003-4928-6559

Ramazan Coban

Publication Date December 12, 2022
Submission Date December 16, 2021
Acceptance Date May 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Tekin Kakız, A., Talha Kakız, A. G. M., & Coban, R. (2022). An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1383-1392. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1037534
AMA Tekin Kakız A, Talha Kakız AGM, Coban R. An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. December 2022;5(3):1383-1392. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1037534
Chicago Tekin Kakız, Aygül, Ar. Gör. Muhammet Talha Kakız, and Ramazan Coban. “An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, no. 3 (December 2022): 1383-92. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1037534.
EndNote Tekin Kakız A, Talha Kakız AGM, Coban R (December 1, 2022) An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1383–1392.
IEEE A. Tekin Kakız, A. G. M. Talha Kakız, and R. Coban, “An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1383–1392, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1037534.
ISNAD Tekin Kakız, Aygül et al. “An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (December 2022), 1383-1392. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1037534.
JAMA Tekin Kakız A, Talha Kakız AGM, Coban R. An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5:1383–1392.
MLA Tekin Kakız, Aygül et al. “An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1383-92, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1037534.
Vancouver Tekin Kakız A, Talha Kakız AGM, Coban R. An Evaluation of Autoencoder Neural Network Role in Iot Edge Computing. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5(3):1383-92.

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