Sürücülerin Tünel İşletim ve Güvenliği Algısı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, , 493 - 516, 10.03.2023

Burak Koçhan Emine Çoruh , Metin Mutlu Aydın

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1064987

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Tüneller, sürücülerin karşılaştıkları arazi kaynaklı engelleri konforlu, güvenli ve kısa sürede aşabilmelerine olanak sağlayan karayolu sanat yapılarından birisidir. Özellikle dağlık arazilerin yaygın olarak bulunduğu ülkelerdeki trafiğin kesintisiz bir şekilde hareket etmesini sağlamaktadır. Tüneller, arazi kaynaklı engelleri çok kısa mesafe ve sürede aşarak, araçların olumsuz çevresel etkilerden (çığ, kaya düşmesi vb.) korunmasını sağlamaktadır. Dünya genelinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de gün geçtikçe yollarda yer alan tünellerin sayısında belirgin bir artış görülmektedir. Tünellerin sayısı arttıkça bu tür yol kesimlerinde, efektif tünel işletimi ve güvenliği daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Dağlık arazi koşullarının oldukça yaygın olduğu Türkiye gibi ülkelerde şehiriçi ve şehirler arası yollarda kesintisiz, konforlu ve güvenli ulaşımı sağlamak amacıyla yol güzergâhlarında tünellerin kullanımı sın yıllarda oldukça sık karşımıza çıkmaya başlamıştır. Sayısı gün geçtikçe artan tünellerde, teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak farklı özellikteki tünel uygulamaları ve işletim özellikleri görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’de yıllara göre teknolojik değişimlere ve yatırım bütçelerine bağlı olarak farklı işletim ve yönetim özelliklerine sahip işletmeye alınmıştır. Bu nedenle ülke genlindeki şehiriçi ve şehirler arası yollarda inşa yılına, yatırım bütçesine ve teknolojik altyapı olanaklarına bağlı olarak farklı yapısal ve işletim özelliklerine sahip tüneller görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışma kapsamında tünellerde pilot güzergâh olarak seçilen Gümüşhane-Trabzon arasındaki tünellerin işletim ve güvenlik özellikleri, sürücülerin bakış açısından irdelenmiştir. Yapılan anket çalışması ile Gümüşhane ve Trabzon illeri arasındaki tünelleri kullanan sürücülerin tüneller hakkındaki düşünceleri ve tünellerdeki sürüş davranışları anket çalışması ve farklı olası kaza senaryoları altında incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ankete katılan sürücülerin karakteristik özelliklerinin tünel güvenliğini arttırmada çok önemli katkılar sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle planlama esnasında öngörülemeyen fakat sürücüler açısından önemli olan eksikliklerin tespit edilerek detaylı olarak irdelenebileceği istatistiksel sonuçlar ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucu elde edilen bulgular ile tünel inşa ve işletmesinde iyi bir bilgi birikimine sahip olan ülkemizin, bu konuda Dünya’da daha iyi bir noktada olması hususunda katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Tünel Güvenliği, İşletim Özelliği, Karayolu Tüneli, Sürücü Özellikleri, Tünelcilik

A Study on Drivers' Perception of Tunnel Operation and Safety

Abstract

Tunnels are one of the highway structures that allow drivers to overcome the land-based encountered obstacles comfortably, safely and in a short time. As in the rest of the world, there is a significant increase in the number of tunnels on highways in Turkey, day by day. As the number of tunnels increases, effective tunnel operation and safety become more important in such road sections, and tunnel applications and operating characteristics with different characteristics are seen in tunnels depending on technological developments. Within the scope of this study, 19 tunnels on the Gümüşhane-Trabzon highway, located on the historical Silk Road and located in the Eastern Black Sea Region with the most tunnels in Turkey, were examined. In the study, a face-to-face survey was conducted with the drivers who use the selected tunnels effectively in order to investigate the drivers' perspectives on tunnel operation and safety features. In the survey study, the thoughts of the drivers about the tunnels and their driving behaviors in the tunnels were examined under different accident scenarios with the conducted questionnaire. In the evaluation of the questionnaires, factor analysis, reliability analysis, Chi-Square and Bartlett tests were applied. The relation between independent (gender, occupation, education, age, frequency of route use) and dependent variables (a questionnaire prepared to measure the participants' knowledge, behavior and ability to act in the face of emergencies) were investigated. According to the obtained results, it was determined that with the increase in the frequency of tunnel use, driver familiarity increased and the rate of vehicle speed reduction in tunnel passages decreased. Again, it was determined from the results that there was a significant relationship between gender and the feeling of uneasiness experienced during tunnel passages, that women felt more uneasy than men, and that there was a statistically significant relationship between leaving the vehicle in the face of an emergency and gender (P<0.10). It has been concluded that female drivers tend to leave the tunnel by leaving the vehicle at higher rates and that the type of driver behavior differs according to gender in the face of accidents to be experienced. With the help of obtained findings, it has been tried to contribute to the fact that Turkey, which has a good knowledge in tunnel construction and operation, is in a better place in the world in this subject.

Keywords

Tunnel Safety, Operational Property, Highway Tunnel, Driver Characteristics, Tunnelling

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