Deri Endüstrisinde Krom Kullanımı ve Biyolojik Yöntemlerle Krom Giderimi

Abstract

Endüstriyel faaliyetler, zirai ve evsel atıklar sonucu atık sularda bazen eser miktarda bazen de yüksek konsantrasyonda metaller bulunmaktadır. Metaller sularda çözünmüş halde bulunarak ya da su dibinde toplanarak kimyasal kirliliğe ve de çevre kirliliğine neden olmakta ve canlı sağlığı için de tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Deri sanayinde fazla miktarda su kullanılmakta olup, oluşan atık sular yüksek oranda kirletici madde içermektedir. Deri işleme sonucu oluşan atık suyun arıtılmadan alıcı ortama verilmesi durumunda, temiz su kaynakları kirlenmekte ve kullanımı kısıtlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle atık sularının, çevreye deşarj edilmeden önce uygun tekniklerle bertaraf edilip zararlı etkisinin azaltılması ve/veya giderilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Atık sulardan ağır metallerin uzaklaştırılmasında fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemler etkin olarak kullanılırken, özellikle son yıllarda biyolojik yöntemlerle giderim işlemi de yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Kirleticilerin mikroorganizmalar tarafından biyolojik olarak parçalanarak, çevreye daha az zararlı bileşiklere dönüştürülmesi biyolojik yöntemlerle uzaklaştırma işleminin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, endüstrinin birçok dalında etkin olarak kullanılan yüksek toksik özellikteki Cr(VI)’nın mikrobiyal yöntemler ile daha az toksik Cr(III)’e indirgenmesinin önemi vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Deri Endüstrisi
• Krom
• Biyoremediasyon
• Cr(VI) İndirgeme

Chromium Use in Leather Industry and Chromium Removal by Biological Methods

Abstract

As a result of industrial activities, agricultural, and domestic wastes, there are sometimes traces and sometimes high concentrations of metals in wastewater. Metals being dissolved in water or collected at the bottom of the water cause chemical pollution and environmental pollution and pose a threat to the health of living things. A large amount of water is used in the leather industry, and the resulting wastewater contains high levels of pollutants. In case the wastewater generated as a result of leather processing is given to the receiving environment without being treated, clean water resources are polluted and its use is restricted. For this reason, it is very important to eliminate and/or eliminate the harmful effects of wastewater with appropriate techniques before it is discharged into the environment. While physical and chemical methods are used effectively in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, the removal process by biological methods has also become widespread, especially in recent years. The biological decomposition of pollutants by microorganisms and their conversion to compounds that are less harmful to the environment form the basis of the biological removal process. In this review, the importance of reducing the highly toxic Cr(VI), which is used effectively in many branches of industry, to less toxic Cr(III) by microbial methods has been tried to be emphasized.

Keywords

• Leather Industry
• Chromium
• Bioremediation
• Cr(VI) Reduction
• Biosorption

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