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Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 960 - 973, 16.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974
https://izlik.org/JA35FX22DX

Abstract

This study presents the first experimental measurement of cosmic ray muon flux in Düziçi, Osmaniye, Turkey, using a portable, low-cost scintillation detector with Time-of-Flight (TOF) capability. Over a measurement period of 950400 seconds, the system recorded 42868 events, from which 36437 genuine muons were identified after statistical filtering. The average muon flux at the site was found to be 0.0099 ± 0.0001 cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ at an altitude of 272 meters above sea level. Atmospheric pressure corrections were applied, and the barometric coefficient (β) was determined via exponential fit. The local magnetic latitude (33.7°) and cutoff rigidity (7.17 GV) were also calculated to characterize the site’s geomagnetic environment. The data were also compared with international neutron monitor data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of portable detector systems for reliable muon flux measurements, and establish a baseline for future cosmic ray studies in the region.

References

  • Al-Qaaod A., Pierrard V., Winant A., Stolzenberg U., Ambrozova I., Sommer M., et al. Correlation patterns of muon flux with vertical atmospheric profiles: insights from Monte Carlo simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 2025; 130(11): 1–13.
  • Denisov D., Evdokimov V., Lukić S. Time and position resolution of the scintillator strips for a muon system at future colliders. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2016; 823(1): 120–125.
  • Dorman L. Cosmic rays in the earth’s atmosphere and underground. New York: Springer; 2004.
  • Franke R., Holler M., Kaminsky B., Karg T., Prokoph H., Schönwald A., Schwerdt C., Stößl A. CosMO a cosmic muon observer experiment for students. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2013, 1-4, Rio De Janeiro.
  • Gaisser TK., Engel R., Resconi E. Cosmic rays and particle physics. 2nd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
  • Grieder PK. Cosmic rays at earth. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2001.
  • Mendonça RRS., Wang C., Braga CR., Echer E., Dal Lago A., Costa JER., Munakata K., Li H., Liu Z., Raulin JP., Kuwabara T., Kozai M., Kato C., Rockenbach M., Schuch NJ., Al Jassar HK., Sharma MM., Tokumaru M., Duldig ML., Humble JE., Evenson P., Sabbah I. Analysis of cosmic rays’ atmospheric effects and their relationships to cutoff rigidity and zenith angle using global muon detector network data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 2019; 124(12): 9791–9813.
  • Michael DG., Adamson P., Alexopoulos T., Allison WWM., Alner GJ., Anderson K., Andrews M., Arms K., Auty D., Ayres DS., Barrett WL., Barrish BC., Bercovitz J., Blair R., Block C., Boardman RJ., Boehnlein D., et al. The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2008; 596(2): 190–228.
  • Poirier J., Catanach T. Atmospheric effects on muon flux at project GRAND. Proceedings of the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2011, 11–18, Beijing.
  • Polatoğlu A., Yeşilyaprak C., Kaya M., Niaei MS., Er H. New the design and measurements of the portable cosmic ray muons detector (CRMD) for an observatory. Universal Journal of Physics and Applications 2023; 17(4): 33–42.
  • Polatoğlu A., Yeşilyaprak C., Niaei MS., Kaya M. Doğu anadolu gözlemevine (DAG) yönelik ilk kozmik ışın dedektörünün kurulması ve test ölçümleri. Turkish Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022; 3(2): 17–21.
  • Rossi B. Cosmic rays. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1964.
  • Sidelnik I., Asorey H., LAGO Collobration. LAGO: The Latin American giant observatory. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2017; 876(1): 173–175.
  • Smart DF., Shea MA. A review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth-orbiting spacecraft. Advances in Space Research 2005; 36(10): 2012–2020.
  • Velinov P., Mishev A. Cosmic ray induced ionization in the upper, middle and lower atmosphere simulated with CORSIKA code. 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2008, 749–752, Mexico.
  • Zhao D., Li P., Li L. Cosmic ray muon navigation for subsurface environments: technologies and challenges. Particles 2025; 8(2): 46.

Sintilatör Tabanlı Müon Dedektörüyle Osmaniye Bölgesinde Müon Akı Yoğunluğu Ölçümü ve Atmosferik Basıncın Etkisi

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 960 - 973, 16.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974
https://izlik.org/JA35FX22DX

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Osmaniye ili Düziçi ilçesinde, taşınabilir ve düşük maliyetli bir sintilasyon dedektörü ile gerçekleştirilen ilk kozmik ışın müon akısı ölçüm sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. 950400 saniyelik ölçüm süresince kaydedilen 42868 olaydan, istatistiksel filtreleme sonrası 36437’si gerçek müon olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm noktasında ortalama müon akısı 0.0099 ± 0.0001 cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ olarak bulunmuştur (deniz seviyesinden 272 m yükseklikte). Ölçüm verileri atmosferik basınç değişimine göre düzeltilmiş ve barometrik katsayı (β) üstel uyumla hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, bölgenin manyetik enlemi (33.7°) ve kesme rijiditesi (7.17 GV) belirlenerek yerel kozmik ışın ortamı karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca veriler uluslararası nötron monitör verileri ile de karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, taşınabilir dedektörlerle güvenilir müon akısı ölçümlerinin mümkün olduğunu ve bu çalışmanın bölge için önemli bir referans niteliği taşıdığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Al-Qaaod A., Pierrard V., Winant A., Stolzenberg U., Ambrozova I., Sommer M., et al. Correlation patterns of muon flux with vertical atmospheric profiles: insights from Monte Carlo simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 2025; 130(11): 1–13.
  • Denisov D., Evdokimov V., Lukić S. Time and position resolution of the scintillator strips for a muon system at future colliders. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2016; 823(1): 120–125.
  • Dorman L. Cosmic rays in the earth’s atmosphere and underground. New York: Springer; 2004.
  • Franke R., Holler M., Kaminsky B., Karg T., Prokoph H., Schönwald A., Schwerdt C., Stößl A. CosMO a cosmic muon observer experiment for students. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2013, 1-4, Rio De Janeiro.
  • Gaisser TK., Engel R., Resconi E. Cosmic rays and particle physics. 2nd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
  • Grieder PK. Cosmic rays at earth. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2001.
  • Mendonça RRS., Wang C., Braga CR., Echer E., Dal Lago A., Costa JER., Munakata K., Li H., Liu Z., Raulin JP., Kuwabara T., Kozai M., Kato C., Rockenbach M., Schuch NJ., Al Jassar HK., Sharma MM., Tokumaru M., Duldig ML., Humble JE., Evenson P., Sabbah I. Analysis of cosmic rays’ atmospheric effects and their relationships to cutoff rigidity and zenith angle using global muon detector network data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 2019; 124(12): 9791–9813.
  • Michael DG., Adamson P., Alexopoulos T., Allison WWM., Alner GJ., Anderson K., Andrews M., Arms K., Auty D., Ayres DS., Barrett WL., Barrish BC., Bercovitz J., Blair R., Block C., Boardman RJ., Boehnlein D., et al. The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2008; 596(2): 190–228.
  • Poirier J., Catanach T. Atmospheric effects on muon flux at project GRAND. Proceedings of the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2011, 11–18, Beijing.
  • Polatoğlu A., Yeşilyaprak C., Kaya M., Niaei MS., Er H. New the design and measurements of the portable cosmic ray muons detector (CRMD) for an observatory. Universal Journal of Physics and Applications 2023; 17(4): 33–42.
  • Polatoğlu A., Yeşilyaprak C., Niaei MS., Kaya M. Doğu anadolu gözlemevine (DAG) yönelik ilk kozmik ışın dedektörünün kurulması ve test ölçümleri. Turkish Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022; 3(2): 17–21.
  • Rossi B. Cosmic rays. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1964.
  • Sidelnik I., Asorey H., LAGO Collobration. LAGO: The Latin American giant observatory. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2017; 876(1): 173–175.
  • Smart DF., Shea MA. A review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth-orbiting spacecraft. Advances in Space Research 2005; 36(10): 2012–2020.
  • Velinov P., Mishev A. Cosmic ray induced ionization in the upper, middle and lower atmosphere simulated with CORSIKA code. 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2008, 749–752, Mexico.
  • Zhao D., Li P., Li L. Cosmic ray muon navigation for subsurface environments: technologies and challenges. Particles 2025; 8(2): 46.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Physics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mahmut Güden 0009-0007-5170-0428

Ahmet Polatoğlu 0000-0002-6562-8566

Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date November 6, 2025
Publication Date March 16, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974
IZ https://izlik.org/JA35FX22DX
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güden, M., & Polatoğlu, A. (2026). Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 960-973. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974
AMA 1.Güden M, Polatoğlu A. Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2026;9(2):960-973. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1702974
Chicago Güden, Mahmut, and Ahmet Polatoğlu. 2026. “Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region With Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9 (2): 960-73. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974.
EndNote Güden M, Polatoğlu A (March 1, 2026) Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9 2 960–973.
IEEE [1]M. Güden and A. Polatoğlu, “Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 960–973, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1702974.
ISNAD Güden, Mahmut - Polatoğlu, Ahmet. “Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region With Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9/2 (March 1, 2026): 960-973. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1702974.
JAMA 1.Güden M, Polatoğlu A. Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2026;9:960–973.
MLA Güden, Mahmut, and Ahmet Polatoğlu. “Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region With Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 960-73, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1702974.
Vancouver 1.Mahmut Güden, Ahmet Polatoğlu. Measurement of Muon Flux Density in Osmaniye Region with Scintillator-Based Muon Detector and Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2026 Mar. 1;9(2):960-73. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1702974

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