Mechanical Properties of Polymer Fiber Reinforced 3D Concrete Printing: A Review

Abstract

3D concrete printing is a method used to construct complex structures that are difficult to construct using traditional construction methods. This process involves depositing concrete layer by layer through extrusion without the use of molds. 3D concrete printing allows for low-cost, efficient, and rapid production. However, reinforced concrete must be used to improve its mechanical properties, particularly its low ductility. Traditional reinforcement materials include steel, carbon, glass, and basalt. Using polymer reinforcements instead of traditional reinforcements significantly reduces costs and improves performance. This review examines the mechanical properties of 3D concrete prints produced by reinforcing the most commonly used polymer fibers: PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), based on literature studies. Research indicates that anisotropy due to fiber type, content, and printing direction significantly affects the performance of 3D concrete prints. Furthermore, compared to 3D concrete prints without fibers, fiber-reinforced 3D concrete prints exhibit higher crack resistance, mechanical strength, and durability. However, the selection of fiber type, materials used in the mixture, and their proportions should be tailored to the application's requirements. Future research is recommended to examine the interaction between optimal fiber content and printing parameters and their impact on fiber orientation. This will allow fiber-reinforced 3D concrete printing to maximize its potential for sustainable infrastructure applications in the construction industry.

Keywords

• 3D printing
• Concrete
• Polymer reinforce
• Mechanical properties

Polimer Elyaf Takviyeli 3D Beton Baskının Mekanik Özellikleri: Bir Derleme

Abstract

3D beton baskı, geleneksel inşaat yöntemleri ile inşa edilmesi zor ve karmaşık biçimli yapıları inşa etmek için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, kalıp kullanılmadan ekstrüzyon yoluyla betonu katman katman biriktiren bir işlemdir. 3D beton baskı yöntemi ile düşük maliyetli, verimli ve hızlı bir şekilde üretim yapılabilmektedir. Ancak baskı betonun mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmek ve özellikle düşük sünekliğini artırmak için takviye edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kullanılan geleneksel takviye malzemeleri çelik, karbon, cam ve bazalttır. Geleneksel takviyeler yerine polimer takviyelerin kullanılması maliyeti önemli ölçüde azaltıp performansı artırmaktadır. Bu derlemede; literatürdeki çalışmalar dikkate alınarak, en çok kullanılan polimer liflerden, PE (polietilen), PP (polipropilen) ve PVA (polivinil alkol) takviye edilerek üretilen 3D beton baskıların mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmalar, lif türü, içeriği ve baskı yönüne bağlı anizotropinin, 3D beton baskının performansını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini belirtmektedir. Ayrıca, lifsiz 3D beton baskıya kıyasla, lifle takviye edilmiş 3D beton baskılar daha yüksek çatlak direnci, mekanik dayanım ve dayanıklılık göstermektedir. Ancak, lif türü ile karışımda kullanılan malzemelerin ve oranlarının seçimi, uygulamanın gereksinimlerine uygun şekilde yapılmalıdır. Gelecekteki araştırmalarda; optimum lif içeriği ile baskı parametreleri arasındaki etkileşimin, lif yönelimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi önerilmektedir. Böylece, lifle güçlendirilmiş 3D beton baskı, inşaat sektöründe sürdürülebilir altyapı uygulamaları için potansiyelini en üst düzeye çıkarabilir duruma gelebilecektir.

Keywords

• 3D baskı
• Beton
• Polimer takviye
• Mekanik özellikler

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