Bitkilerde Düşük Sıcaklık Stresi ve Soğuğa Uyum

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 45 - 52, 30.12.2019

Ali Doğru

Abstract

Düşük
sıcaklıklar tüm dünyada bitki türlerinin coğrafi dağılımını ve ekonomik
bitkilerin verimini büyük ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Bazı bitkiler düşük sıcaklığa
duyarlıdır ve soğuk stresi koşullarında dehidrasyona uğrayabilir. Ayrıca soğuk
stresi duyarlı bitkilerde oksidatif strese, yüksek protoplazmik viskositeye ve
katabolizmaya ve fotosentez hızının azalmasına neden olur. Bazı bitkiler de
düşük sıcaklığa toleranslıdır ve eğer uygun bir süre düşük fakat dondurucu
olmayan sıcaklıklara maruz bırakılırsa soğuğa uyum sağlayabilirler. Soğuğa uyum
boyunca antioksidant enzimlerin aktivasyonu, çözünür şeker, absisik asit ve
prolin birikimi, büyümenin durması, rozet gövde oluşumu, membran
kompozisyonunda değişimler ve su kaybı gibi metabolik değişimler gözlenir. Bu
derlemede soğuğa toleranslı bitkilerde soğuk uyumu boyunca meydana gelen
morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişimler tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

Soğuk uyumu, soğuk toleransı, donma toleransı, düşük sıcaklık duyarlılığı

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