Siyah Alacalarda Beyaz Çürükçül Funguslar Kullanılarak Buğday Samanın İn-Situ Parçalanabilirliğinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 355 - 371, 08.03.2022

Fatma Yüksel Adem Kaya

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.986151

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) ve Pleurotus eryngii (PE) mantar türlerinin, buğday samanının in-situ parçalanabilirliği sonucunda kuru madde (KM) ve ham protein (HP) değerleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Buğday samanı örnekleri, PC ve PE fungus türleri ile (%10 ağırlık/hacim) ile inokule edilip, in-situ parçalanabilirlikleri ve kimyasal bileşimleri belirlenmek üzere katı hal fermentasyon koşulları altında 30 °C'de 30 gün inkübe edilmiştir. Kanül takılı 4 baş Siyah Alaca boğa (yaklaşık 400 kg canlı ağırlığa sahip) 45:55 oranında (KM esasına dayalı) konsantre / kaba yem ile beslenmiştir. Yem örnekleri rumende naylon torbalarda 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat süreyle inkübe edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, PC ve PE'nin inokulasyonunun, kontrol grubuna göre KM ve HP'nin in-situ ruminal parçalanabilirliğini yükselttiğini göstermiştir (P < 0.01). PC ile inkübe edilen buğday samanı, 24 saat inkübasyondan sonra en yüksek in-situ KM parçalanabilirliğine sahip olmuştur (P < 0.01). PC ve PE'nin inokulasyonu, diğer muamelelere göre in-situ rumen ham protein (HP) parçalanabilirliğini (P < 0.01) artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fungus inokulayonu ve üre muamelesinin, buğday samanındaki KM ve HP’in parçalanabilirliğini yükselttiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Buğday samanı,, Siyah Alaca, Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Supporting Institution

Doğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü

Project Number

TAGEM/HAYSUD/15/02/03/01

Determining the In Situ Ruminal Degradability of Some Nutrients of Wheat Straw Using Some White Rot Fungi Species

Abstract

The Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) and Pleurotus eryngii (PE) were observed for their potential to increase the in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of wheat straw. The wheat straw samples were inoculated with the PC and PE fungi (10% weight/volum) and incubated under solid state fermentation conditions at 30 ◦C for 30 days to determine their in-situ degradability and chemical composition. In situ ruminal degradability was determined by using four ruminal cannulated Holstein bulls (approximately 400 kg BW) fed on a diet a concentrate-to-roughage ratio of 45:55 (dry matter (DM) basis). The samples were incubated in nylon bags for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the rumen. The results showed that increased in situ ruminal degradation of DM and CP in PC and PE groups in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01). The wheat straw incubated with PC had the greatest in situ DM degradability after incubation for 24 h (P < 0.01). The inoculation of PC and PE increased in situ ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation (P < 0.01) in comparison to the other treatments. As a result, the fungal inoculants and urea treatment increased the degradability of DM and CP in wheat straw.

Keywords

Wheat straw, Holstein bulls, Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Project Number

TAGEM/HAYSUD/15/02/03/01

References

• Adomovic M, Grubic G, Ivanka M, Jovanovic R, Protic R, Sretenovic L, (1998): The biodegradation of wheat straw by Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and its use in-situcattle feding. Animal Feed Science Technology, 71, 357-362.
• Alçiçek A, Kılıç A, Ayhan V, Özdoğan M, (2010): Türkiyede kaba yem üretimi ve sorunları. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası, VII. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı -1, 11-15 Ocak 2010 Milli Kütüphane Kongre Salonu, Ankara.
• AOAC, (1990): Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official AnalyticalChemists, Arlington, Virginia.
• Brand AA, Clcete SWP, Franck F, (1991): The effect of supplementing untreated, urea-supplemented and urea-ammoniated wheat-straw with maize-meal and/or fish-meal in sheep. S.Afr. Tydskr.Veek, 21(1):48-54.
• Burdsall HH, Jr H, Eslyn W, (1974): A new Phanerochaete with Chrysosporium imperfect state. Mycotaxon 1:124
• Chaturvedi V, Verme P, (2013): An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products. 3 Biotech, 3, 415-431.
• Chegeni A, Li YL, Deng KD, Jiang CG, Diao QY, (2013): Effect of dietarypolymer-coated urea and sodium bentonite on digestibility rumenfermentation, and microbial protein yield in sheep fed high levels of corn stalk. Livestock Science, 157, 141–150.
• Demeyer DI, Meulenmeester M, de Graeve K, Gupta GW, (1988): Effect of fungal treatment of nutritive value of straw. Med. Fac. Landbouww Rijksuniv. Gent, 53, 1811-1819. Denek H, Deniz S, (2004): Ruminant beslemede yaygın olarak kullanılan kimi kaba yemlerin sindirilebilirlik ve metabolik enerji düzeylerinin in-vitro metotlarla belirlenmesi. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 28;115-122.
• Eriksson KEL, Blanchette RA, Ander P, (1990): Microbial and EnzymaticDegradation of Wood and Wood Components. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Fahmy STM, Klopfenstein TJ, (1994): Treatment with different chemicals andtheir effects on the digestibility of maize stalks: 2. Intake and in vivodigestibility as affected by chemical treatment and monensinsupplementation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 45, 309–316.
• Fazaeli H, Mahmodzadeh H, Azizi A, Jelan ZA, Liang JB, Rouzbehan Y, Osman A, (2004): Nutritive value of wheat straw treated with pleurotus fungi, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., Vol 17, No. 12 : 1681-1688.
• Hadibarata T, Khudhair AB, Salim MR, (2012): Breakdown products in the metabolic pathway of anthracene degradation by a ligninolytic fungus Polyporus sp. S133. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:2201–2208.
• Jalc D, Siroka P, Ceresnakova Z, (1997): Effect of six species of white-rot basidiomycetes on the chemical composition and rumen degradability of wheat straw. Journal General Applied Micobiology, 43, 133-137.
• Karimi AH, Acda SP, Capitan SS, Laurena AC, Tambalo FZ, Angeles AA, Loresco MM, Aychocho IO, Sevilla CC, (2014): In-situ cattle rumen degradability of urea-molasses and cellulase treated rice straw. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(22): 3420-3428.
• Kalkan H (2008): Fibrolitik enzimlerin buğday samanının besleme değeri üzerine etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Zootekni Anabilim Dalı. Doktora tezi.
• Karabulut A, Canbolat Ö, (2005): Yem Değerlendirme ve Analiz Yöntemleri Kitabı. Uludağ Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No:2.05.048.0424.
• Kutlu HR, Görgülü M, Baykal L, Özcan N, Büyükalaca S, (2000): Effect of Pleurotus Florida Inoculationorureatreatment on feeding value of wheatstraw. Turkısh Journalof Veterinary Animal Sciences, 24, 169-175.
• Ørskov ER, McDonald I, (1979): The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journalof Agriculturel Science Cambridge, 92, 499–503.
• Ma F, Wang J, Zeng Y, Yu H, Yang Y, Zhang X, (2011): Influence of the co-fungaltreatment with two white rot fungi on the lignocellulosic degradation andthermogravimetry of corn stover. Process Biochem. 46, 1767–1773.
• McDonald L, (1981): A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. Camb, 96, 251-252.
• Moon YH, Ok JU, Lee SJ, Ha JK, Lee SS, (2010): A comparative study on the rumen microbial populations, hydrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability between different species of ruminant. Animal Science Journal. 81, 642-647.
• NRC, (1985): Nutrient Requirements of Sheep Sixth revised edition. National academy. Washington D.C.
• Okano K, Boonlue, S, Suzukı Y, (2005): Effects of ammonium hydroxide treatment on the in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production of wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse medium and konara oak rotted by edible basidiomycetes. Animal Science Journal 76, 147–152.
• Rahman MM, Lourenc OM, Hassim HA, Baars JJP, Sonnenberg ASM, Cone JW, De Boever J, Fievez V, (2011): Improving ruminal degradability of oil palmfronds using white rot fungi. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 169, 157–166.
• Reid ID, (1989): Solid state fermentation for biological delignification.Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 11, 786-803.
• Ribeiro JMCR, (1994): Nutritive value of treated straw. In: Tisserand J.-L. (ed.). Les pailles dans l'alimentation des ruminants en zone méditerranéenne. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, p. 79-95 (Options Méditerranéennes: Série B. Etudes et Recherches; n. 6).
• Sharma RK, Arora DS, (2013): Fungal degradation of lignocellulosic residues: an aspect of improved nutritive quality. Critical Reviews Microbiology, 1-9, doi: 10.3109/1040841X.791247.
• Shrivastava B, Thakur S, Khasa YP, Gupte A, Puniya AK, Kuhad RC, (2011): White-rot fungal conversion of wheat straw to energy rich cattlefeed. Biodegradation, 22,823-831.
• Singh D, Zeng J, Laskar DD, Deobald L, Hiscox WC, Chen S, (2011): Investigation of wheat straw biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35,1030-1040.
• SPSS, (2010): SPSS Base 19. 0 User Guide. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.
• Sundstøl F, Owen E, (1984): Straw and other fibrous by-products as feed. Dev. Anim.Vet. Sci. Elsevier Science Publ., Amsterdam.
• Susmel P, Stefanon B, Mılls CR, Spenghero M, (1990): Rumen degradability of organic matter, nitrogen and fibre fractions forages. Animal Production, 51, 515-526.
• Talaei A, Karimi A, Thévenon MF, (2013): Influence of heat treatment medium on fungal resistance of beech wood. The Internatıonal Research Group On Wood Protection, Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting (ISSN 2000-8953), Paper prepared for the 44th Annual Meeting, 16-20 June 2013, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Tao L, Zhang LX, Tu Y, Zhang NF, Si BW, Ma T, Diao QY, (2016): Improving the in situ ruminal degradability of maize stalk usingfungal inoculants in dorper × thin-tailed han crossbred ewes. Small Ruminant Research 144: 119–125.
• Turgut L, Yanar M, (2004): In-situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of some forages in Eastern Turkey. Small Ruminant Research 52 (2004) 217–222.
• Turgut L, (2008): Kimyasal muameleye tabi tutulan buğday ve arpa samanlarının rumende parçalanabilirliklerinin belirlenmesi. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23, 3, 183-189.
• Tuyen VD, Cone JW, Baars JJP, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, (2012): Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for Rumen fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 111, 336-342.
• Valmaseda M, Almendros G, Martinez AT, (1990): Substrate dependent degradation patterns in-situ the decay of wheat straw and beech wood by ligninolytic fungi. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 33,481-484.
• Van Soest PJ, Robertson JD, Lewis BA, (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
• Yao W, Nokes SE, (2014): Phanerochaete chrysosporium pretreatment ofbiomass to enhance solvent production in subsequent bacterial solid-substratecultivation. Biomass Bioenergy 62, 100–107.
• Yıldırım N, Yıldız A, (2010). Pleurotus eryngii suşlarının lignoselülozik soya saplarını biyodönüştürme etkinlikleri. Ekoloji 19, 76, 88-94. Doi: 10. 5053/Ekoloji. 2010. Zadrazil F, Uniya AK, (1995): Studies on the effect of particle size on solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse into animal feedusing white-rot fungi. Bioresource Technology, 54, 85-87.