Türkiye’de Damızlık Olarak Kullanılan Siyah Alaca (Holstein) Irkı Boğalarda Gözlenen Genetik Darboğaz

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 1647 - 1655, 12.12.2022

İlke Unlusoy

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1098614

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bir darboğaz ne kadar yakın zamanda olursa yönetim prosedürleriyle zararlı etkilerinden kaçınılması veya bu etkilerin en aza indirilme olasılığı o kadar yüksek olur. Sayıca çok büyük popülasyonların bile ciddi bir genetik darboğaz yaşaması muhtemeldir. Suni tohumlamanın yaygınlaşması ve küresel sperm ticareti yüksek verimli boğaların spermlerinin tüm dünyada baskın olarak kullanılmasına alt yapı oluşturmuştur. Dünyada sütçü ırk olarak en çok yetiştirilen Holstein ineklerin tohumlanmasında özellikle bazı ülkelerin yetiştirdiği boğalara ait spermler küresel çapta sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek verim elde etmek için uygulanan yoğun seleksiyon programları çoğunlukla allel kayıplarıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de Holstein inek popülasyonşarını tohumlamak için kullanılan damızlık boğaların herhangi bir darboğaz etkisi altında kalıp kalmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bunun için Türkiye’de üretilen ve Türkiye’ye ithal edilen yüksek verimli 300 baş Holstein boğaya ait sperma materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. On mikrosatellit lokus temel alınarak Bottleneck v.1.2.02 programı aracılığıyla Aşamalı Mutasyon Modeli ve İki Fazlı Mutasyon Modeli altında İşaret ve Wilcoxon Testlerine tabi tutularak darboğaz değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Mod-Kayması analizi ile darboğazın yakın zamanda olup olmadığı da yorumlanmıştır. Buna istinaden 3 kıtada (Asya, Avrupa, Amerika) 13 ülke tarafından yetiştirilen toplam 300 baş Holstein boğanın geçmişte bir darboğaz etkisi altında kaldığı ancak bu darboğazın yakın zamanda gerçekleşmiş bir darboğaz olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Damızlık boğa, Darboğaz, Mikrosatellit, Siyah Alaca

Supporting Institution

Bütçesiz

Observed Genetic Bottleneck in Holstein Bulls Used As Stud in Türkiye

Abstract

The more recent a bottleneck occurs, the more likely it is that its harmful effects will be avoided or minimized by management procedures. Even very large populations are likely to experience a severe bottleneck. The spread of artificial insemination and the global sperm trade have provided worldwide use of the sperm from the high-yielding bulls. In Holstein cows, which are the most common dairy breeds, the sperm from bulls raised by especially some countries are used globally. In addition, intensive selection programs applied to obtain high yield often result in allele losses. In this study, it was investigated whether breeding bulls used to inseminate Holstein cows in Türkiye were under any bottleneck effect or not. For this purpose, sperm from 300 high-yielding Holstein bulls produced in and imported to Türkiye was used as the material of the study. The bottleneck assessment was carried out by using Sign and Wilcoxon Tests under Stepwise Mutation Model and Two-Phase Mutation Model using Bottleneck v.1.2.02 program based on ten microsatellite loci. In addition, Mode-Shift analysis has also been interpreted to understand whether the bottleneck is recent or not. Based on this, it was concluded that a total of 300 Holstein bulls bred by 13 countries in 3 continents (Asia, Europe, Americas) were under pressure of a bottleneck effect in the past, but this bottleneck did not occurred in the recent time.

Keywords

Holstein, Stud bull, Bottleneck, Microsatellite

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