Antioxidant Capacities of Some Taxa Distributed at Different Altitudes of Erzincan Province-Ergan Mountain

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 2315 - 2332, 10.12.2024

Gökhan Adıgüzelli Etem Osma , Tuğçe Varol , Samed Şimşek , Ali Kandemir

Abstract

This study focuses on 12 plant species thriving at different altitudes on Mount Ergan within the boundaries of Erzincan province, Turkey. Three altitude zones were chosen, namely 1500 m (Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss., Astragalus ornithopodioides Lam., Alcea calvertii (Boiss) Boiss.), 2000 m (Globularia trichosantha Fisch. & C.A. Mey, Hypericum scabrum L., Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub. Mor. Et Grierson, Inula oculus-christi L., Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv., Barbarea auriculata Hausskn. Ex Bornm), and 3000 m (Scorzonera sericea DC., Hedysarum erythroleucum Boiss., Astragalus nezaketiae A. Duran & Aytaç). The study aimed to determine the effects of altitude on plants. Ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extractions were performed on different plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots), and the analysis included the determination of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TPF) content, as well as antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP). When antioxidant activities were examined, the highest values were determined in Globularia trichosantha plant species. DPPH activity was 47.86±1.70 in leaf, 108.09±1.29 in stem and 60.57±0.74 in root. Phenolic content was 82.56±0.46 in leaf, 56.71±2.12 in stem and 59.75±2.11 in root. FRAP activity was 54.87±1.54 in leaf, 41.09±3.06 in stem and 48.95±2.73 in root. Flavonoid content data were determined as 59.81±2.31 in Globularia trichosantha leaf, 31.62±3.55 in stem, 35.71±2.73 in Hypericum scabrum root. Statistical analysis of the results using the SPSS 22 Statistics Program revealed significant differences among elevations. Particularly, a robust positive correlation was observed in methanol-soluble samples between the content of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities. In conclusion, this study elucidates the variability in phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activities of plants growing at different altitudes. The findings underscore the influence of altitude on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of these plant species. Additionally, the antioxidant performance exhibited by Hypericum scabrum L., Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub. Mor. Et Grierson, Globularia trichosantha Fisch.&C.A.Mey plants growing at 2000 m altitude creates potential for further exploration in pharmaceutical or other applications of these plants.

Keywords

DPPH, FRAP, Phenolic, Flavonoid, Altitude

Erzincan İli-Ergan Dağı’nın Farklı Rakımlarında Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Taksonların Antioksidan Kapasiteleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Erzincan il sınırları içerisinde bulunan Ergan Dağı’nın farklı rakımlarında 1500 m (Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss., Astragalus ornithopodioides Lam., Alcea calvertii (Boiss) Boiss.), 2000 m (Globularia trichosantha Fisch. & C.A. Mey, Hypericum scabrum L., Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub. Mor. Et Grierson, Inula oculus-christi L., Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv., Barbarea auriculata Hausskn. Ex Bornm), 3000 m (Scorzonera sericea DC., Hedysarum erythroleucum Boiss., Astragalus nezaketiae A. Duran & Aytaç) yayılış gösteren 12 bitki türü seçilmiştir. Çalışma ile rakım faktörünün bitkiler üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için bitkilerin yaprak, dal ve kök olmak üzere farklı organları etilasetat, metanol ve suda ekstaksiyonu yapılarak fenolik (TPC) ve flavonoid (TPF) içeriği ile antioksidan aktivite (DPPH, FRAP) miktarının analizi yapılmıştır. Antioksidan aktiviteleri incelendiğinde, Globularia trichosantha bitki türünde en yüksek değerler belirlenmiştir. DPPH aktivitesi yaprakta 47,86±1,70, dalda 108,09±1,29, kökte ise 60,57±0,74 olarak ölçülmüştür. Fenolik içerik ise yaprakta 82,56±0,46, dalda 56,71±2,12, kökte ise 59,75±2,11 olarak tespit edilmiştir. FRAP aktivitesi yaprakta 54,87±1,54, dalda 41,09±3,06, kökte ise 48,95±2,73 olarak belirlenmiştir. Flavonoid içerik verileri ise Globularia trichosantha yaprakta 59,81±2,31, dalda 31,62±3,55 olarak tespit edilirken, Hypericum scabrum kökte 35,71±2,73 olarak belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları SPSS 22 Paket İstatistik Programında değerlendirilmiş olup rakımlar (yükselti) arasında farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bitkilerin fenolik ve flavonoidlerin içerikleri ile antioksidan aktiviteleri arasında özellikle metanolde çözünen örneklerde güçlü pozitif yönde korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma farklı rakımlarda yetişen bitkilerin fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği ile antioksidan aktivitelerindeki değişkenliği açıklamaktadır. Bulgular, rakımın bu bitki türlerinin biyoaktif bileşenleri ve antioksidan potansiyeli üzerindeki etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, 2000 m rakımda yetişen Hypericum scabrum L., Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub. Mor. Et Grierson, Globularia trichosantha Fisch.&C.A.Mey bitkilerinin gösterdiği antioksidan performansı, bu bitkilerin farmasötik veya diğer uygulamalarda daha fazla keşif için potansiyel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

DPPH, FRAP, Fenolik, Flavonoid, Yükselti

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