İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 282 - 308, 10.05.2024

Fatih Tuna

Öz

Filistinli İslami direniş hareketi Hamas tarafından, Müslüman kadınlara yönelik kabul edilemez saldırıları, Kudüs’teki Mescid-i Aksa’nın kutsiyetine saygısızlık etmesi ve Gazze’yi abluka altına alması nedeniyle İsrail’e karşı 7 Ekim 2023 tarihinde El Aksa Tufanı operasyonu yapılmıştır. İsrail tarafı ise Hamas’ın operasyonuna karşılık olarak Demir Kılıçlar operasyonunu başlatmıştır. Her ne kadar İsrail, operasyonunun amacının Hamas’ın Gazze’deki askeri altyapısı yok etmek olduğunu iddia etmişse de İsrailli üst düzey yetkililerin yaptığı açıklamalar Tel Aviv yönetiminin aslında farklı bir amacı olduğunu göstermiştir. İsrail savunma bakanı Yoav Gallant tarafından Filistinliler insan formundaki hayvanlar olarak tanımlanmıştır. İsrail başbakanı Benyamin Netanyahu ise Gazzelileri, eski ahitte adı geçen ve Tanrı’nın İsraillilere yok etmesini emrettiği Amalek kavmine benzetmiştir. İsrailli üst düzey politika yapıcıların kullanmış olduğu bu ve benzeri ifadeler Tel Aviv yönetiminin Filistinlilere yönelik soykırım amacıyla saldırıda bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. İsrail’in Gazze’deki Filistinlilerine yönelik aşağılayıcı söylemlerde bulunmasının yanı sıra bölgeye yönelik tüm hayati malzemeleri kesmesiyle birlikte zaten uzun zamandır devam eden temiz suya erişim sorunu da tekrar dikkatleri çekmiştir. İsrail’in Gazzeli yüzbinlerce masum sivili su hakkından mahrum etmesi ve dolayısıyla Gazzelilerin temiz, içilebilir ve güvenli su kaynaklarına erişmesini engellemesi aynı zamanda insanlığa karşı işlenmiş suç olarak da değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası insancıl hukuk, uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve uluslararası antlaşmalar hukuku kapsamında işgalci İsrail’in Filistinlilerin en temel insan haklarından biri olarak kabul edilen su hakkını nasıl ihlal ettiği incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin, İsrail, Gazze, El Aksa Tufanı, Su Hakkı

Israel’s Occupation of Palestinian Territories: Assessing the Violation of the Right to Water of Gazans in Terms of International Law

Öz

The Al-Aqsa Flood operation was carried out by the Palestinian Islamic resistance movement Hamas on October 7, 2023 against Israel due to its unacceptable attacks on Muslim women, disrespect of the sanctity of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem and the blockade of Gaza. The Israeli side launched the Swords of Iron operation in response to Hamas' operation. Although Israel claimed that the purpose of the operation was to destroy Hamas's military infrastructure in Gaza, the statements made by senior Israeli officials showed that the Tel Aviv administration actually had a different purpose. Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant described the Palestinians as human animals. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu likened the people of Gaza to the tribe of Amalek, which was mentioned in the Old Testament and whom God commanded the Israelis to destroy. These and similar statements used by senior Israeli policy makers indicate that the Tel Aviv administration is carrying out a genocidal attack against the Palestinians. Israel prevented the supply of fuel, electricity, water, food and medical supplies to Gaza immediately after October 7. In the attacks carried out by Israel, more than 20 thousand civilians, mostly women and children, were killed in Gaza. In the attacks that took place since October 7, 2023, one in every hundred people in Gaza was killed by Israel, and two in every ten buildings were damaged by Israel. It is stated that if Israel continues its heavy blockade of Gaza, more Palestinians may die due to reasons such as hunger and disease than those who lost their lives in the attacks. Approximately 2 million Palestinians, constituting 85 percent of Gaza's population, were displaced due to Israeli attacks. Israel destroyed Gaza's infrastructure. 2 out of every 3 hospitals in Gaza have been rendered unusable by Israel. The conditions in currently operating hospitals are inadequate in terms of hygiene standards. According to the data of the United Nations World Food Program, 80 percent of the people at risk of dying of hunger worldwide are currently in Gaza. According to World Health Organization data, under current conditions in Gaza, there is 1 toilet for every 220 Palestinian civilians and 1 shower for every 4500 Palestinian civilians. Seawater desalination facilities in Gaza are not working due to Israel cutting off electricity and fuel. For this reason, displaced Gazans have access to only 2 liters of water to meet all their daily needs. It attracts the attention of the international community that Israel violates one of the most fundamental human rights, the right to water. In addition to Israel making derogatory statements towards the Palestinians in Gaza and cutting off all vital supplies to the region, the long-standing problem of access to clean water has attracted attention again. It can be stated that the water problem that emerged with Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories has been an important problem for a long time. According to World Bank data, water reserves in Gaza have been at crisis level since 2005. According to a calculation made by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), only 10 percent of the Palestinian population in Gaza has access to clean and drinkable water resources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Al Aqsa Flood, Right to Water

Kaynakça

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