Güney Nijerya, Akwa Ibom Eyaletindeki Küçük Ölçekli Tarla Ürün Çiftçileri için Çiftlik İşçiliği Seçenekleri ve Verimlilik

Year 2023, , 493 - 512, 26.10.2023

Sunday Akpan , Veronica S. Nkanta , Emmanuel Udofia

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1279300

Abstract

Nijerya'nın güney bölgesindeki bazı çiftçi topluluklarında sürekli olarak çiftlik işçiliği kıtlığının ardından, çalışma öncelikle çiftlik işçiliği kullanımını ve üretkenliğini etkileyen faktörleri belirledi. Çalışma, Nijerya'nın güney bölgesindeki Akwa Ibom Eyaletinde gerçekleştirildi. Yapılandırılmış bir anket kullanılarak toplam iki yüz (200) manyok bazlı çiftçi rastgele örneklendi. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı, multinomial Logit ve Tobit modelleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, küçük ölçekli çiftçiler için birincil emek kaynakları olarak ücretli emek, aile ve grup emeğini ortaya çıkardı ve aile emeği biraz baskındı. Ayrıca, çiftçilerin yaşı, eğitim düzeyi, çiftlik büyüklüğü, çiftlik geliri, tarım dışı gelir, çiftçilik deneyimi ve çiftlik kredisine erişim, çiftçilerin grup emeğine göre ücretli emeği benimseme olasılığını artıran faktörler olarak belirlendi. Benzer şekilde, çiftçilerin hanehalkı büyüklüğü ve medeni durumunun, grup işçiliğine göre aile işçiliğini kullanma olasılığını artırdığı bulunmuştur. Emek verimliliğinin olumlu belirleyicileri, çiftçilerin yaşı, eğitimi, sosyal sermayesi, çiftlik geliri, cinsiyeti, çiftlik kredisine erişimi ve tarımsal yayım hizmetleriydi; çiftlik büyüklüğü ve çiftçilik deneyimi ise olumsuz belirleyicilerdi. Küçük ölçekli çiftçiler arasında işgücü erişimini ve üretkenliği artırmayı amaçlayan politika formülasyonu sırasında çiftçilerin örgün eğitimi, çiftlik geliri, çiftlik kredisi, yayım hizmetlerine erişim ve sosyal sermaye oluşumuna öncelik verilmesi şiddetle tavsiye edilir.

Keywords

Çiftlik, Emek, Manyok, Verimlilik, Nijerya

Farm Labour Choices and Productivity for Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Following the continuous scarcity of farm labour in some farming communities in southern region of Nigeria, the study primarily identified factors that influence farm labour use and its productivity. The study was conducted in Akwa Ibom State in the southern region of Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) cassava-based farmers were randomly sampled using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive, multinomial Logit and Tobit models were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed hired labour, family and group labour as the primary sources of labour for the small-scale farmers, with family labour being slightly dominant. Also, farmers’ age, educational attainment, farm size, farm income, non-farm income, farming experience and access to farm credit were identified as factors that increase the probability of farmers adopting hired labour relative to group labour. Similarly, farmers' household size and marital status were found to increase the probability of using family labour relative to the group labour. The positive determinants of labour productivity were farmers' age, education, social capital, farm income, sex, access to farm credit and agricultural extension services; whereas farm size and farming experience were negative determinants. It is strongly recommended that farmers’ formal education, farm income, farm credit, access to extension services and social capital formation should be prioritized during policy formulation aimed at enhancing labour access and productivity among small-scale farmers

Keywords

Farm, labour, cassava, Productivity, Nigeria

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