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SEED YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) GROWN IN NORTHERN TURKEY CONDITIONS

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 98 - 104, 27.02.2007

Necdet Çamaş Cüneyt Çırak Enver Esendal

Öz

The introduction of safflower to a regional cropping system requires information concerning its performance
under local environmental conditions. Field studies were conducted to investigate the adaptation, seed yield, yield
components, oil content and fatty acid compositions of the safflower cultivars, Remzibey, Dinçer and Yenice at five locations in Northern Turkey (Bafra, Ladik, Suluova, Gümüşhacıköy and Osmancık) during the 2004-2005 growing season. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed yield, plant height, first branch height, number of branches per plant, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were determined as experimental parameters. According to the results, the evaluated parameters varied with cultivars and locations greatly. The cultivar Remzibey produced the highest seed yield (2482 kg ha-1) and oil content (33 %) in the location Gümüşhacıköy. Fatty acids linoleic and oleic acid were main oil components for all cultivars and fatty acid composition varied greatly among locations and cultivars. The results indicate that safflower is well adapted to Northern Turkey conditions and could be introduced as an alternative oil seed plant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carthamus tinctorius fatty acid oil content safflower cultivars seed yield.

Kaynakça

  • Abdolrahmani, B., 2005. Effect of plant density on grain and oil yield of safflower c.v. Arak 2811 in dryland conditions. Seed and Plant, 20: 417-428.
  • AOCS, 1993. Official methods and recommended practices. The American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL.
  • Arslan, B., Küçük, M., 2005. Oil content and fatty acid composition of some safflower cultivars in Van (Turkey). VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 167-175.
  • Azari, A., Khajehpour, M.R., 2005. Effect of planting pattern on development, growth, yield components and seed and petal yields of safflower in summer planting, local variety of Isfahan, Koseh. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res., 9: 131-142.
  • Bassil, E.S., Kaffka, S.R., 2002. Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation: I. Consumptive water use. Agric. Water Manag., 54: 67- 80.
  • Baydar, H., 2000. Effects of gibberellic acid on male sterility, seed yield and oil and fatty acid syntheses of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish J. Biol., 24: 159-168.
  • Baydar, H., Turgut, I., 1999. Variations of fatty acid composition according to some morphological and physiological properties and ecological regions in oilseed plants. Turkish J. Agric. Forest., 23: 81-86.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., 2001. Registration of “Morlin” safflower. Crop Sci., 41: 1640.
  • Choulwar, S.B., Dhutmal, R.R., Madrapa, I.A., Joshi, B.M. , 2005. Genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in F2 population of safflower. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 30: 114-116.
  • Corleto, A., Alba, E., Polignano, G.B., Vonghio, G., 1997. A multipurpose species with unexploited potential and world adaptability. The research in Italy. IVth International Safflower Conference, Bari, Italy. June, 2- 7. 23-31.
  • Çamaş, N., Esendal, E., 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, baskıda.
  • Dadashi, N., Khajehpour, M.R., 2004. Effects of planting date and cultivar on growth, yield components and seed yield of safflower in Isfahan. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res., 8: 95-112.
  • Esendal, E., 2001. Safflower production and research in Turkey. Vth International Safflower Conference, Williston, North Dokota, Sidney, Montona, USA, July 23-27. 203-206.
  • Eslam, B.P., 2004. An evaluation of yield and yield components in new spineless genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian J. Agric. Sci., 35: 869-874.
  • FAO, 2006. http,//www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_ en.asp.,2006.
  • Gawand, P.B., Tambe, S.I., Reddy, B.N., 2005. Evaluation of productivity of safflower cultivars under moisture and nutrient management in rainfeed vertisols. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 205-209.
  • Gupta, R.K., Singh, S.P., 1997. Genetic association and its implication in improvement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Advance in Plant Sci. Res., 5: 1-8.
  • Johnston, A.M., Tanaka, D.L., Miller, P.R., Brandt, S.A., Nielsen, D.C., Lafond, G.P., Riveland, N.R., 2002. Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94: 231–240.
  • Koutroubas, S.D., Papadoska, D.K., Doitsinis, A., 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre- anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crops Res., 90: 263–274.
  • Koutroubas, S.D., Papadoska, D.K., 2005. Adaptation, grain yield and oil content of safflower in Greece. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005 161-167.
  • Kumbhar, A.M., Jamro, G.H., Kubar, R.A., Buriro, U.A., Abro, B.A., 2004. Effect of planting pattern on growth, yield components and seed yield of safflower. Indus J. Plant Sci., 3: 433-437.
  • Landau, S., Friedman, S., Brenner, S., Bruckental, I., Weinberg, Z.G., Ashbell, G., Hen, Y., Dvash, L., Lehsem, Y., 2004. The value of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hay and silage grown under Mediterranean conditions as forage for dairy cattle. Livestock Prod. Sci., 88: 263-271.
  • Landau, S., Molle, G., Foisb, N., Friedman, S., Barkai, D., Decandia, M., Cabiddu, A., Dvasha, L., Sitzia, M. , 2005. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a novel pasture species for dairy sheep in the Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia and Israel. Small Ruminant Res., 59: 239–249.
  • Lee, Y.C., Oha, S.W., Changa, J., Kimb, I.H., 2004. Chemical composition and oxidative stability of safflower oil prepared from safflower seed roasted with different temperatures. Food Chem., 84: 1–6.
  • Malleshappa, S.M., Hiremath, I., Ravikumar, R.I., 2003. Negative associations between important quantitative traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Sesame and Safflower Newsletter 18: 80-83.
  • Marquard, R., 1987. Qualitatsanalytik im dienste der .lpflanzenz.chtung. Fat Sci. Tech., 89: 95-99.
  • Misra, O.R., Deshpande, S.L., Rajput, A.M., Sharma, A.K., Tripathi, K.K., Saxsena, K.K., 2005. Optimization of production technology of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. under resource constraints. J. Oilseeds Res., 22: 211-212.
  • More, S.D., Hangarge, D.S., Raghavaiah, C.V., 2005. Evaluation of management technology and genotypes for optimization of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., production under saline conditions. J. Oilseeds Res., 22: 86-89.
  • Mündel, H.H., 2001. Introduction to the international safflower conferences. In: Proceedings of the Vth International safflower conference, Williston, North Dakota, Sidney, Montana, USA, July 23-27, 2001.
  • Ozel, A., Demirbilek, T., Gur, M.A., Copur, O., 2004. Effects of different sowing date and intrarow spacing on yield and some agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Harran Plain's arid conditions. Turkish J. Agric. Forestry 28: 413-419.
  • Patil, H.S., 1998. Genetic variability, association and path analysis in safflower. Indian J. Agric. Res., 32: 46-50.
  • Penumetcha, M., Khan, M., Parthasarathy, S., 2000. Dietary oxidized fatty acids: an atherogenic risk. J. Lip. Res., 41: 1473-1480.
  • Pleines, S., Friedt, W., 1989. Genetic control of linolenic acid concentration in seed oil of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Theor. App. Genet., 78: 793-797.
  • Rahamatalla, A.B., Babiker, E.E., Krishna, A.G., El Tinay, A.H., 2001. Changes in fatty acids composition during seed growth and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from four safflower cultivars. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 56: 385–395.
  • Samancı, B., Ozkaynak, E., 2003. Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty Acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 189: 359-360.
  • SAS Institute, 1998. INC SAS/STAT users’ guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
  • Vasishtha, A.K., Bajpai, M., Singh, C., 1994. Variation in the characteristics and oil composition in different genetic varieties of safflower. J. Oil Tech. Assoc. India, 26: 59–63.
  • Weiss, E.A., 1971. Castor, sesame and safflower. Barnes and Noble Inc. New York, USA. 593–613.
  • Weiss, E.A., 2000. Oilseed Crops (second edition). Blackwell Science, Oxford.
  • Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., 2005. Studies on adaptability of safflower germplasms in Xinjiang, China. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 132-139.

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 98 - 104, 27.02.2007

Necdet Çamaş Cüneyt Çırak Enver Esendal

Öz

Bölgesel bir ürün yetiştirme sistemine dahil edilebilmesi için aspir bitkisinin performansını ölçmek üzere yöresel çevre şartlarında yürütülen çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu gaye ile ülkemizin kuzeyinde yer alan beş lokasyonda (Bafra, Ladik, Suluova, Gümüşhacıköy ve Osmancık) Remzibey, Dinçer ve Yenice aspir çeşitleri 2004-2005 yıllarında yetiştirilerek adaptasyon, tohum verimi, verim komponentleri, yağ oranı ve yağ asit kompozisyonları belirlenmiştir. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine gore üç tekrarlamalı olarak tertip edilmiştir. Agronomik gözlemler olarak, tohum verimi, bitki boyu, ilk dal yüksekliği, bitkide dal sayısı, tabla çapı, tablada tohum sayısı, 1000 tohum ağırlığı, yağ oranı ve yağ asit kompozisyonu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, değerlendirilen parametreler çeşide ve lokasyona göre büyük ölçüde değişim göstermiştir. Gümüşhacıköy lokasyonunda yetiştirilen Remzibey çeşidi en yüksek tohum verimi (2482 kg ha-1) ve yağ oranı (% 33) değerlerine ulaşmıştır. Linoleik ve oleik yağ asitleri tüm çeşitler için temel yağ asitleri olarak belirlenmiştir ve yağ asit kompozisyonu çeşitlere ve lokasyonlara göre büyük ölçüde değişim göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar aspir bitkisinin Kuzey Türkiye şartlarına iyi uyum sağladığına ve bölge için alternatif bir yağlı tohum olabileceğine işaret etmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carthamus tinctorius yağ asiti yağ oranı aspir çeşitleri tohum verimi

Kaynakça

  • Abdolrahmani, B., 2005. Effect of plant density on grain and oil yield of safflower c.v. Arak 2811 in dryland conditions. Seed and Plant, 20: 417-428.
  • AOCS, 1993. Official methods and recommended practices. The American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL.
  • Arslan, B., Küçük, M., 2005. Oil content and fatty acid composition of some safflower cultivars in Van (Turkey). VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 167-175.
  • Azari, A., Khajehpour, M.R., 2005. Effect of planting pattern on development, growth, yield components and seed and petal yields of safflower in summer planting, local variety of Isfahan, Koseh. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res., 9: 131-142.
  • Bassil, E.S., Kaffka, S.R., 2002. Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation: I. Consumptive water use. Agric. Water Manag., 54: 67- 80.
  • Baydar, H., 2000. Effects of gibberellic acid on male sterility, seed yield and oil and fatty acid syntheses of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish J. Biol., 24: 159-168.
  • Baydar, H., Turgut, I., 1999. Variations of fatty acid composition according to some morphological and physiological properties and ecological regions in oilseed plants. Turkish J. Agric. Forest., 23: 81-86.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., 2001. Registration of “Morlin” safflower. Crop Sci., 41: 1640.
  • Choulwar, S.B., Dhutmal, R.R., Madrapa, I.A., Joshi, B.M. , 2005. Genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in F2 population of safflower. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 30: 114-116.
  • Corleto, A., Alba, E., Polignano, G.B., Vonghio, G., 1997. A multipurpose species with unexploited potential and world adaptability. The research in Italy. IVth International Safflower Conference, Bari, Italy. June, 2- 7. 23-31.
  • Çamaş, N., Esendal, E., 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, baskıda.
  • Dadashi, N., Khajehpour, M.R., 2004. Effects of planting date and cultivar on growth, yield components and seed yield of safflower in Isfahan. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res., 8: 95-112.
  • Esendal, E., 2001. Safflower production and research in Turkey. Vth International Safflower Conference, Williston, North Dokota, Sidney, Montona, USA, July 23-27. 203-206.
  • Eslam, B.P., 2004. An evaluation of yield and yield components in new spineless genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian J. Agric. Sci., 35: 869-874.
  • FAO, 2006. http,//www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_ en.asp.,2006.
  • Gawand, P.B., Tambe, S.I., Reddy, B.N., 2005. Evaluation of productivity of safflower cultivars under moisture and nutrient management in rainfeed vertisols. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 205-209.
  • Gupta, R.K., Singh, S.P., 1997. Genetic association and its implication in improvement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Advance in Plant Sci. Res., 5: 1-8.
  • Johnston, A.M., Tanaka, D.L., Miller, P.R., Brandt, S.A., Nielsen, D.C., Lafond, G.P., Riveland, N.R., 2002. Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94: 231–240.
  • Koutroubas, S.D., Papadoska, D.K., Doitsinis, A., 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre- anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crops Res., 90: 263–274.
  • Koutroubas, S.D., Papadoska, D.K., 2005. Adaptation, grain yield and oil content of safflower in Greece. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005 161-167.
  • Kumbhar, A.M., Jamro, G.H., Kubar, R.A., Buriro, U.A., Abro, B.A., 2004. Effect of planting pattern on growth, yield components and seed yield of safflower. Indus J. Plant Sci., 3: 433-437.
  • Landau, S., Friedman, S., Brenner, S., Bruckental, I., Weinberg, Z.G., Ashbell, G., Hen, Y., Dvash, L., Lehsem, Y., 2004. The value of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hay and silage grown under Mediterranean conditions as forage for dairy cattle. Livestock Prod. Sci., 88: 263-271.
  • Landau, S., Molle, G., Foisb, N., Friedman, S., Barkai, D., Decandia, M., Cabiddu, A., Dvasha, L., Sitzia, M. , 2005. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a novel pasture species for dairy sheep in the Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia and Israel. Small Ruminant Res., 59: 239–249.
  • Lee, Y.C., Oha, S.W., Changa, J., Kimb, I.H., 2004. Chemical composition and oxidative stability of safflower oil prepared from safflower seed roasted with different temperatures. Food Chem., 84: 1–6.
  • Malleshappa, S.M., Hiremath, I., Ravikumar, R.I., 2003. Negative associations between important quantitative traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Sesame and Safflower Newsletter 18: 80-83.
  • Marquard, R., 1987. Qualitatsanalytik im dienste der .lpflanzenz.chtung. Fat Sci. Tech., 89: 95-99.
  • Misra, O.R., Deshpande, S.L., Rajput, A.M., Sharma, A.K., Tripathi, K.K., Saxsena, K.K., 2005. Optimization of production technology of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. under resource constraints. J. Oilseeds Res., 22: 211-212.
  • More, S.D., Hangarge, D.S., Raghavaiah, C.V., 2005. Evaluation of management technology and genotypes for optimization of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., production under saline conditions. J. Oilseeds Res., 22: 86-89.
  • Mündel, H.H., 2001. Introduction to the international safflower conferences. In: Proceedings of the Vth International safflower conference, Williston, North Dakota, Sidney, Montana, USA, July 23-27, 2001.
  • Ozel, A., Demirbilek, T., Gur, M.A., Copur, O., 2004. Effects of different sowing date and intrarow spacing on yield and some agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Harran Plain's arid conditions. Turkish J. Agric. Forestry 28: 413-419.
  • Patil, H.S., 1998. Genetic variability, association and path analysis in safflower. Indian J. Agric. Res., 32: 46-50.
  • Penumetcha, M., Khan, M., Parthasarathy, S., 2000. Dietary oxidized fatty acids: an atherogenic risk. J. Lip. Res., 41: 1473-1480.
  • Pleines, S., Friedt, W., 1989. Genetic control of linolenic acid concentration in seed oil of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Theor. App. Genet., 78: 793-797.
  • Rahamatalla, A.B., Babiker, E.E., Krishna, A.G., El Tinay, A.H., 2001. Changes in fatty acids composition during seed growth and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from four safflower cultivars. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 56: 385–395.
  • Samancı, B., Ozkaynak, E., 2003. Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty Acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 189: 359-360.
  • SAS Institute, 1998. INC SAS/STAT users’ guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
  • Vasishtha, A.K., Bajpai, M., Singh, C., 1994. Variation in the characteristics and oil composition in different genetic varieties of safflower. J. Oil Tech. Assoc. India, 26: 59–63.
  • Weiss, E.A., 1971. Castor, sesame and safflower. Barnes and Noble Inc. New York, USA. 593–613.
  • Weiss, E.A., 2000. Oilseed Crops (second edition). Blackwell Science, Oxford.
  • Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., 2005. Studies on adaptability of safflower germplasms in Xinjiang, China. VIth International Safflower Conference, Istanbul 6-10 June 2005. 132-139.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

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Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Şubat 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çamaş, N., Çırak, C., & Esendal, E. (2007). SEED YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) GROWN IN NORTHERN TURKEY CONDITIONS. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2007.22.1.98-104
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Online ISSN: 1308-8769