Abstract
World fertiliser consumption as pure N, P, K basis in 2002 was 141.6 million tons of which 64% was used by developing countries, 35% by developed countries. Total fertiliser consumption of America, Asia and Europe accounted for 95% of world fertiliser consumption (WFC). With 39.6 million tons fertiliser consumption, China has 28% share in the world total consumption. Due to hazardous effects of fertilisers, in particular nitrogen, on the environment and human health, some measurements restricting fertiliser use were taken by many countries, especially by EU(15) and USA. Many EU(15) countries reduced their fertiliser use at rate of ranging from 3% to 38% during 1992 to 2001 years. Fertiliser consumption of Turkey in 2002 was 1.74 million tons. Its fertiliser application per hectare is 67.2 kg, which is lower than the world average. It is not possible to alleviate the detrimental effects of fertiliser only by reducing fertiliser amounts used. It is necessary that some management practises not only increasing fertiliser use efficiency but also reducing nutrient leaching have to be used. Also new varieties using nutrient efficiently must be developed.
Keywords
References
- Barker, A. V., 1989. Genotypic responses of vegetable crops to nitrogen nutrition. Hort. Sci. 24:256-261
- Byrnes, B. H., 1990. Environmental effects of fertiliser use- An overview, Fertiliser Research 26:209-215
- Davis, J. G., 1994. Managing plant nutrients for optimum water use efficiency and water conservation. Adv. In Agronomy 53:85-114
- FAO, 2005. FAO statistics, www.fao.org/statistics
- Finck, A., 1992. In World Fertiliser Use Manual. IFA, Paris
- Hatipoglu, F., M. Alpaslan, A. Güneş, 1996. Fertiliser use and its effect on environment in Turkey. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 20:1-5
- Kazgan, G., 1992. Current trends and prospects in Turkish Agriculture. METU Studies in Development, 19(3):337- 360 review on sustainable nitrogen management in nitensive vegetable production systems, Acta Hort. 506:17-26
- Nielsen, N. E., and H. E. Jensen, 1990. Nitrate leaching from loamy soils as affected by crop rotation and nitrogen fertiliser application. Fert. Res. 26:197-207
- Owen, T. R., and S. Jurgens-Gschwind, 1986. Nitrates in drinking waters: a review, Fert. Res. 10:3-25
- Pearce, D., P. Koundouri, 2003. Fertiliser and pesticide taxes for controlling non-point agricultural pollution. The World Bank Group, www.worldbank.org/rural
- Peoples, M. B., J. R. Freney, and A. R. Mosier, 1995. Minimising Gaseous losses of nitrogen. In: Bacon P. E. (Ed.) Nitrogen Fertilisation in the Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York, 565-602
- Rahn, C. R., 2002. Management strategies to reduce nutrient losses from vegetable crops, Acta Hort. 571:19-29
- Shepherd, M. A., D. B. Davies and P. A. Johnson, 1993. Minimising nitrate losses from arable soils. Soil Use and Management 9(3):94-99
Abstract
Dünya gübre tüketimi 2002 yılında saf N, P, K bazında 141.6 milyon tona ulaşmış olup, bunun %64'ü gelişmekte olan, %35'i ise gelişmiş ülkeler tarafından kullanılmıştır. Amerika, Asya ve Avrupa kıtalarının kullanmış olduğu gübre miktarı dünya tüketiminin %95'ini oluşturmaktadır. Çin 39.6 milyon ton ile dünya gübre tüketiminde %28'lik bir paya sahiptir. Gübrenin, özellikle azotlu, çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı, bazı gelişmiş ülkeler özellikle Avrupa Birliği ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gübre tüketiminde sınırlamaya gitmektedirler. AB ülkelerinde 1992 ve 2001 yılları arasında %3'ten %38'e kadar değişen oranlarda gübre tüketiminde azalma görülmektedir. Türkiye’nin 2002 yılı gübre tüketimi 1.74 milyon tondur. Hektara uygulanan gübre miktarı ise 67.2 kg olup, dünya ortalamasının altındadır. Azotun zararlı etkisini sadece kullanılan miktarın azaltılması ile azaltmak mümkün görülmemektedir. Azotun kullanım etkinliğini artıracak ve yıkanmayı azaltacak yetiştirme tekniklerinin kullanımı yanında, azotu daha etkin olarak kullanacak çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi de büyük önem taşımaktadır
References
- Barker, A. V., 1989. Genotypic responses of vegetable crops to nitrogen nutrition. Hort. Sci. 24:256-261
- Byrnes, B. H., 1990. Environmental effects of fertiliser use- An overview, Fertiliser Research 26:209-215
- Davis, J. G., 1994. Managing plant nutrients for optimum water use efficiency and water conservation. Adv. In Agronomy 53:85-114
- FAO, 2005. FAO statistics, www.fao.org/statistics
- Finck, A., 1992. In World Fertiliser Use Manual. IFA, Paris
- Hatipoglu, F., M. Alpaslan, A. Güneş, 1996. Fertiliser use and its effect on environment in Turkey. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 20:1-5
- Kazgan, G., 1992. Current trends and prospects in Turkish Agriculture. METU Studies in Development, 19(3):337- 360 review on sustainable nitrogen management in nitensive vegetable production systems, Acta Hort. 506:17-26
- Nielsen, N. E., and H. E. Jensen, 1990. Nitrate leaching from loamy soils as affected by crop rotation and nitrogen fertiliser application. Fert. Res. 26:197-207
- Owen, T. R., and S. Jurgens-Gschwind, 1986. Nitrates in drinking waters: a review, Fert. Res. 10:3-25
- Pearce, D., P. Koundouri, 2003. Fertiliser and pesticide taxes for controlling non-point agricultural pollution. The World Bank Group, www.worldbank.org/rural
- Peoples, M. B., J. R. Freney, and A. R. Mosier, 1995. Minimising Gaseous losses of nitrogen. In: Bacon P. E. (Ed.) Nitrogen Fertilisation in the Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York, 565-602
- Rahn, C. R., 2002. Management strategies to reduce nutrient losses from vegetable crops, Acta Hort. 571:19-29
- Shepherd, M. A., D. B. Davies and P. A. Johnson, 1993. Minimising nitrate losses from arable soils. Soil Use and Management 9(3):94-99
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Tarım Bilimleri (Agricultural Sciences) Eski Sayılar (Back Issues) |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 29, 2006 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2006 Volume: 21 Issue: 2 |
