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Year 2025, Issue: 59, 799 - 831, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1641607

Abstract

References

  • “Marsanes”. tr. Birger A. Pearson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 240-244.
  • “On the Origin of the World”. tr. Hans-Gebhard Bethge & Bentley Layton. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988. 118-122.
  • “Pistis Sophia”. tr. G. R. S. Mead. London: Celephais Press, 2007.
  • “The Acts of Peter”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 300-336.
  • “The Acts of Thomas”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 364-438.
  • “The Exegesis on the Soul”. tr. William C. Robinson Jr. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel”. tr. Lance Jenott. New Testament Apocrypha More Noncanonical Scriptures, vol. 2. ed. Tony Burke, Michigan: Grand Rapids 2020 s. 743.
  • “The Letter of Peter to Philip”. tr. Frederik Wisse. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Second Treatise of the Great Seth”. tr. A. Bullard & Joseph A. Gibbons. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “Tripartite Tractate”. tr. Harold W. Attridge & Dieter Mueller. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Smith, Andrew P. A Dictionary of Gnosticism. Illinois: Quest Books, 2009.
  • Batten, Alicia J. “Thematic Affinities Between the Letter of James and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. Christian Apocrypha: Receptions of the New TYestament in Ancient Christian Apocrypha. ed. Jean-Michel Roessli and Tobias Nicklas. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, 247-265.
  • Book Of Enoch, https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM. (10.11.2024) Czachesz, Istvan. “The Identity of Lithargoel in the Acts of Peter and the Twelve”. The Wisdom of Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 2005, 485-502.
  • Czachesz, Istvan. Apostolic Commission Narratives in the Canonical and Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. Groningen: Ruksuniversiteit Groningen, 2002.
  • Doresse, Jean. The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics. London: Hollis&Karter, 1960. Ehrman, Bart D. Lost Christianities: The Battle for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, 7.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Arkonların Tabiatı Üzerine”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9 (Ocak 1997), 167-178. doi: https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.13884.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Gnostik Mitolojide Düşüş Motifi ve Demiurg Düşüncesi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9. Ocak 1997, 121-165.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Nag Hammadi Literatürü ve Adem’in Vahyi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7/7 (1993), 93-125.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Konya: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  • Irenaeus, Against Heresies, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103107.htm. (19.12.2024) Kutsal Kitap. İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. 2008.
  • Lapham, Fred. Peter, The Myth, The Man and The Writings. New York: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003.
  • McCue, James F. “Peter the Apostle”. Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Ed. vol. 10, USA: Macmillian Reference, 2005, 7067-7069.
  • Molinari, Andrea Lorenzo. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles (NHC 6.1) Allegory, Ascent and Ministry in the Wake of the Decian Persecution. Wisconsin: Marquette University, Faculty of Graduate School, Degree of Doctora of Philosophy, 1996.
  • Muller, Richard A. Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms. Michigan: Grand Rapids, 2017.
  • Pagels, Eleaine. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
  • Patterson, Stephen J. “Sources, Redaction and Tendenz in the ‘Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles’ (NH VI, 1)”. Vigiliae Christianae 45/1 (Mar. 1991), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.2307/1583755
  • Perkins, Pheme. The Gnostic Dialogue: The Early Church and the Crisis of Gnosticis. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Platon. Sokrates’in Savunması -Euthyphron, Apologia, Kriton, Phaidon-. çev. Ari Çokona. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, IX. basım, 2016.
  • Robinson, James M., “Introduction”. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Robinson, William C. “The Exegesis on the Soul”. Novum Testamentum. vol. 12 (April 1970), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560040
  • Rudolph, Kurt. Gnosis, The Nature & History of Gnosticism. tr. Robert Mclachlan Wilson. San Fransisco: Harper, 1987.
  • Schenke, Hans-Martin. “The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. New Testament Apocrypha vol II. ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Westminister: John Knox Press, 1992, 412-426.
  • Sell, Jesse. “Simon Peter’s ‘Confession’ and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Aostles”. Novum Testamentum, Vol. XXI. ed. Cilliers Breytenbach & Johan Thom. January 1979, 344-356.
  • The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles. tr. Douglas M. Parrot and R. McL. Wilson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 165-167
  • The Gospel of Philip. tr. Anton Teplyy & Mikhail Nikolenko. ed. Vladimir Antonov. 2008.

Apokrif Bir Havari Hatıratı mı Gnostik Bir Öğüt mü? Petrus ve On İki Havarinin İşleri Metninin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Issue: 59, 799 - 831, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1641607

Abstract

Bu makale, Nag Hammadi külliyatında yer alan VI. kodeksin ilk metni Petrus ve On İki Havarinin İşleri’nin sembolik yapısını ve teolojik yönelimini inceleyerek metnin gnostik gelenekle ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nag Hammadi metinleri, farklı dönemlerde farklı topluluklarca üretilmiş olmaları nedeniyle, Hıristiyanlık ve Gnostisizm arasında yer alan çeşitli inanç yapılarının izlerini taşır. Bu bağlamda incelenen metin, biçimsel olarak havari hatıratları geleneğini andırsa da içerdiği simgesel öğeler ve teolojik söylem, onun yalnızca bu geleneğe ait olmadığını düşündürmektedir. Metinde hem Hıristiyanlığa özgü misyonerlik vurgusu hem de gnostik söyleme özgü bilgi ve dönüşüm ile ilişkilendirilen temalar birlikte yer almaktadır. Bu bileşik yapı, metnin kökenine dair net bir geleneksel atıf yapılmasını güçleştirir. Nitekim yapılan araştırmalar, metnin muhtemelen iki farklı kaynak metnin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluştuğunu ve bu metinlerin farklı doktriner bağlamlara işaret ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, eserin tek bir inanç çizgisine değil, erken dönem Hıristiyan dünyasında karşılaşan ve kimi zaman iç içe geçen teolojik eğilimlere tanıklık eden bir metin olarak değerlendirilmesini mümkün kılar. Dolayısıyla Petrus ve On İki Havarinin İşleri hem gnostik düşüncenin temel imgelerini barındırması hem de havari anlatı geleneğine biçimsel düzeyde yakınlığıyla, erken Hıristiyanlığın doktrinel çeşitliliğini yansıtan özgün bir örnek olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

References

  • “Marsanes”. tr. Birger A. Pearson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 240-244.
  • “On the Origin of the World”. tr. Hans-Gebhard Bethge & Bentley Layton. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988. 118-122.
  • “Pistis Sophia”. tr. G. R. S. Mead. London: Celephais Press, 2007.
  • “The Acts of Peter”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 300-336.
  • “The Acts of Thomas”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 364-438.
  • “The Exegesis on the Soul”. tr. William C. Robinson Jr. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel”. tr. Lance Jenott. New Testament Apocrypha More Noncanonical Scriptures, vol. 2. ed. Tony Burke, Michigan: Grand Rapids 2020 s. 743.
  • “The Letter of Peter to Philip”. tr. Frederik Wisse. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Second Treatise of the Great Seth”. tr. A. Bullard & Joseph A. Gibbons. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “Tripartite Tractate”. tr. Harold W. Attridge & Dieter Mueller. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Smith, Andrew P. A Dictionary of Gnosticism. Illinois: Quest Books, 2009.
  • Batten, Alicia J. “Thematic Affinities Between the Letter of James and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. Christian Apocrypha: Receptions of the New TYestament in Ancient Christian Apocrypha. ed. Jean-Michel Roessli and Tobias Nicklas. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, 247-265.
  • Book Of Enoch, https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM. (10.11.2024) Czachesz, Istvan. “The Identity of Lithargoel in the Acts of Peter and the Twelve”. The Wisdom of Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 2005, 485-502.
  • Czachesz, Istvan. Apostolic Commission Narratives in the Canonical and Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. Groningen: Ruksuniversiteit Groningen, 2002.
  • Doresse, Jean. The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics. London: Hollis&Karter, 1960. Ehrman, Bart D. Lost Christianities: The Battle for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, 7.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Arkonların Tabiatı Üzerine”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9 (Ocak 1997), 167-178. doi: https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.13884.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Gnostik Mitolojide Düşüş Motifi ve Demiurg Düşüncesi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9. Ocak 1997, 121-165.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Nag Hammadi Literatürü ve Adem’in Vahyi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7/7 (1993), 93-125.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Konya: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  • Irenaeus, Against Heresies, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103107.htm. (19.12.2024) Kutsal Kitap. İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. 2008.
  • Lapham, Fred. Peter, The Myth, The Man and The Writings. New York: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003.
  • McCue, James F. “Peter the Apostle”. Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Ed. vol. 10, USA: Macmillian Reference, 2005, 7067-7069.
  • Molinari, Andrea Lorenzo. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles (NHC 6.1) Allegory, Ascent and Ministry in the Wake of the Decian Persecution. Wisconsin: Marquette University, Faculty of Graduate School, Degree of Doctora of Philosophy, 1996.
  • Muller, Richard A. Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms. Michigan: Grand Rapids, 2017.
  • Pagels, Eleaine. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
  • Patterson, Stephen J. “Sources, Redaction and Tendenz in the ‘Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles’ (NH VI, 1)”. Vigiliae Christianae 45/1 (Mar. 1991), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.2307/1583755
  • Perkins, Pheme. The Gnostic Dialogue: The Early Church and the Crisis of Gnosticis. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Platon. Sokrates’in Savunması -Euthyphron, Apologia, Kriton, Phaidon-. çev. Ari Çokona. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, IX. basım, 2016.
  • Robinson, James M., “Introduction”. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Robinson, William C. “The Exegesis on the Soul”. Novum Testamentum. vol. 12 (April 1970), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560040
  • Rudolph, Kurt. Gnosis, The Nature & History of Gnosticism. tr. Robert Mclachlan Wilson. San Fransisco: Harper, 1987.
  • Schenke, Hans-Martin. “The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. New Testament Apocrypha vol II. ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Westminister: John Knox Press, 1992, 412-426.
  • Sell, Jesse. “Simon Peter’s ‘Confession’ and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Aostles”. Novum Testamentum, Vol. XXI. ed. Cilliers Breytenbach & Johan Thom. January 1979, 344-356.
  • The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles. tr. Douglas M. Parrot and R. McL. Wilson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 165-167
  • The Gospel of Philip. tr. Anton Teplyy & Mikhail Nikolenko. ed. Vladimir Antonov. 2008.

An Apocryphal Apostolic Memoir or a Gnostic Exhortation? An Analysis of the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles

Year 2025, Issue: 59, 799 - 831, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1641607

Abstract

This article examines the symbolic structure and theological orientation of The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles, the first text in Nag Hammadi Codex VI, and evaluates its relationship to the Gnostic tradition. The texts of the Nag Hammadi corpus, produced by various communities across different historical periods, bear traces of belief systems between Christianity and Gnosticism. In this context, while The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles formally resembles the apostolic memoir tradition, its symbolic elements and theological discourse suggest that it does not fully belong to that literary lineage. The text combines themes characteristic of Christian missionary discourse with motifs associated with Gnostic thought, such as knowledge, transformation, and divine origin. This composite structure complicates assigning the text to a single traditional framework. Indeed, scholarly analysis indicates that the work likely emerged from compiling two distinct source texts rooted in different doctrinal backgrounds. As such, the text should not be viewed as representative of a single theological stance, but rather as a witness to the diversity—and at times convergence—of theological tendencies in the early Christian world. Thus, The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles stands out as a unique example that reflects both core symbols of Gnostic thought and formal similarities with the apostolic narrative tradition, offering insight into the doctrinal plurality of early Christianity.

References

  • “Marsanes”. tr. Birger A. Pearson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 240-244.
  • “On the Origin of the World”. tr. Hans-Gebhard Bethge & Bentley Layton. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988. 118-122.
  • “Pistis Sophia”. tr. G. R. S. Mead. London: Celephais Press, 2007.
  • “The Acts of Peter”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 300-336.
  • “The Acts of Thomas”. in The Apocryphal New Testament. tr. M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924, 364-438.
  • “The Exegesis on the Soul”. tr. William C. Robinson Jr. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel”. tr. Lance Jenott. New Testament Apocrypha More Noncanonical Scriptures, vol. 2. ed. Tony Burke, Michigan: Grand Rapids 2020 s. 743.
  • “The Letter of Peter to Philip”. tr. Frederik Wisse. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “The Second Treatise of the Great Seth”. tr. A. Bullard & Joseph A. Gibbons. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • “Tripartite Tractate”. tr. Harold W. Attridge & Dieter Mueller. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Smith, Andrew P. A Dictionary of Gnosticism. Illinois: Quest Books, 2009.
  • Batten, Alicia J. “Thematic Affinities Between the Letter of James and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. Christian Apocrypha: Receptions of the New TYestament in Ancient Christian Apocrypha. ed. Jean-Michel Roessli and Tobias Nicklas. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, 247-265.
  • Book Of Enoch, https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM. (10.11.2024) Czachesz, Istvan. “The Identity of Lithargoel in the Acts of Peter and the Twelve”. The Wisdom of Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 2005, 485-502.
  • Czachesz, Istvan. Apostolic Commission Narratives in the Canonical and Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. Groningen: Ruksuniversiteit Groningen, 2002.
  • Doresse, Jean. The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics. London: Hollis&Karter, 1960. Ehrman, Bart D. Lost Christianities: The Battle for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, 7.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Arkonların Tabiatı Üzerine”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9 (Ocak 1997), 167-178. doi: https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.13884.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Gnostik Mitolojide Düşüş Motifi ve Demiurg Düşüncesi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/9. Ocak 1997, 121-165.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. “Nag Hammadi Literatürü ve Adem’in Vahyi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7/7 (1993), 93-125.
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Konya: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  • Irenaeus, Against Heresies, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103107.htm. (19.12.2024) Kutsal Kitap. İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. 2008.
  • Lapham, Fred. Peter, The Myth, The Man and The Writings. New York: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003.
  • McCue, James F. “Peter the Apostle”. Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Ed. vol. 10, USA: Macmillian Reference, 2005, 7067-7069.
  • Molinari, Andrea Lorenzo. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles (NHC 6.1) Allegory, Ascent and Ministry in the Wake of the Decian Persecution. Wisconsin: Marquette University, Faculty of Graduate School, Degree of Doctora of Philosophy, 1996.
  • Muller, Richard A. Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms. Michigan: Grand Rapids, 2017.
  • Pagels, Eleaine. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
  • Patterson, Stephen J. “Sources, Redaction and Tendenz in the ‘Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles’ (NH VI, 1)”. Vigiliae Christianae 45/1 (Mar. 1991), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.2307/1583755
  • Perkins, Pheme. The Gnostic Dialogue: The Early Church and the Crisis of Gnosticis. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Platon. Sokrates’in Savunması -Euthyphron, Apologia, Kriton, Phaidon-. çev. Ari Çokona. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, IX. basım, 2016.
  • Robinson, James M., “Introduction”. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988.
  • Robinson, William C. “The Exegesis on the Soul”. Novum Testamentum. vol. 12 (April 1970), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1560040
  • Rudolph, Kurt. Gnosis, The Nature & History of Gnosticism. tr. Robert Mclachlan Wilson. San Fransisco: Harper, 1987.
  • Schenke, Hans-Martin. “The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles”. New Testament Apocrypha vol II. ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Westminister: John Knox Press, 1992, 412-426.
  • Sell, Jesse. “Simon Peter’s ‘Confession’ and the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Aostles”. Novum Testamentum, Vol. XXI. ed. Cilliers Breytenbach & Johan Thom. January 1979, 344-356.
  • The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles. tr. Douglas M. Parrot and R. McL. Wilson. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. ed. J. M. Robinson. E. J. Brill, 1988, 165-167
  • The Gospel of Philip. tr. Anton Teplyy & Mikhail Nikolenko. ed. Vladimir Antonov. 2008.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mücahid Topcu 0000-0001-6934-7369

Submission Date February 17, 2025
Acceptance Date September 22, 2025
Publication Date December 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 59

Cite

ISNAD Topcu, Mücahid. “Apokrif Bir Havari Hatıratı Mı Gnostik Bir Öğüt Mü? Petrus Ve On İki Havarinin İşleri Metninin İncelenmesi”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 59 (December2025), 799-831. https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1641607.