Morphological changes of the temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia and their link to the clinical symptoms regarding the gender difference and asymmetry

Year 2017, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 99 - 110, 08.09.2017

Amani Elfaki Tahir Osman Ali Abdelgani Elsheikh Ibrahim Erkan Meltem Acar Güdek Murat Golpınar Bunyamin Sahin

Abstract

Temporal lobe dysfunction leads to a model of the cognitive impairments in

schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in grey and white

matter volume, cortical area and cortical thickness of the temporal lobe in

schizophrenic patients and to explore the functional significance of these changes

through correlation with clinical symptoms of patients as measured with the

positive and negative syndrome scale. 88 control subjects and 57 chronic schizophrenics

were participated in the study. Structural magnetic resonance imaging

was performed and the DICOM images were evaluated using automatic brain

segmentation software (BrainSuite). The volume and volume fraction of the region

of interest were evaluated. The mean volume of temporal lobe was smaller

in the schizophrenics (154.20±16.49 cm3) than that of controls (174.85±17.70

cm3), (p≤0.05). Mean volumes of the temporal grey and temporal white matter

in schizophrenics (110.41±12.25 cm3 and 43.81±4.96 cm3) were smaller

than that of controls (124.14±13.15 cm3 and 50.71±6.29 cm3), (p≤0.05). The

mean cortical area pial in schizophrenics (425.8±40.95 cm2) was smaller than

that of control (462.30±44.42 cm2), (p≤0.05), while no differences found between

schizophrenics and controls related to the thickness of the temporal lobe

(p>0.05). The male patients tend to have positive correlation between the volumes

and the positive symptoms. The present study suggests that patients with

schizophrenia have a generalized temporal deficit. Surface area of the temporal

lobe was smaller in the schizophrenics both for males and females. However,

the cortex was proportionally thinner in the male schizophrenics. Positive correlations

were observed between the volume and positive symptoms more in the

male patients. Finally, there was no asymmetry in the volume of temporal lobe.

Keywords

Automatic brain segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Positive and negative syndrome scale, Schizophrenia, Temporal lobe

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