THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF ISOMETRIC PRECONDITIONING CONTRACTION ON JUMPING PERFORMANCE

Abstract

Performance and response of a muscle group to voluntary or electrically induced contraction are positively or negatively affected by its contractile history. The performance of a muscle can decrease after continuous contractions under the exhaustive influence of contractile history or can increase after potentiation-induced a couple of maximal or close to maximal preconditioning contractions. The aim of this study was to investigate acute effects of preconditioning contraction during isometric leg press followed by a standard warm-up on squat and countermovement jump heights. Twenty (7 female, 13 male) sport sciences faculty students (age; 22.1±2.07 years, height; 173.5±8.7 cm, weight; 68.9±10.2 kg, body fat percentage; 16.5±5.84 %) participated in this study. Pretest-posttest study design was used in this study and subjects completed squat and countermovement jump test before and after preconditioning contraction. Preconditioning contraction was performed on a seated leg press machine (knee flexion 135^o) maximal isometric voluntary contraction for 5 s. Preconditioning contraction was performed with 3 maximal repetitions and 90 s rest intervals, after this 3 maximum repetitions 8 min passive recovery was given and then jump tests were performed. A paired sample T-test was used to determine differences between pretest and posttest values of squat and countermovement jump. Statistical analysis showed that no statistically significant differences between pre and post test for squat (p=0.13) and countermovement jump (P=0.83). According to the results, there are no differences between squat and countermovement jumping heights measured before preconditioning contraction and 8 min after preconditioning contraction. As a result of the preconditioning contraction applied in this research, acute increase was not found in squat and countermovement jumping performances. According to these results, it was concluded that this preconditioning contraction protocol did not increase jumping performance. 

Keywords

• Pre-activity contraction,preloading,post activation potentiation,explosive power,complex training

İZOMETRİK ÖNKONDİSYONLANMA KONTRAKSİYONUNUN SIÇRAMA PERFORMANSINA AKUT ETKİLERİ

Abstract

Bir kas grubunun istemli ya da elektriksel uyarılı kontraksiyonlara verdiği yanıt ve performansı, o kas grubunun kontraktil geçmişinden pozitif veya negatif etkilenmektedir. Bir kas grubunun performansı kontraktil geçmişindeki tekrarlı kontraksiyonlar sonucu yorgunluk nedenli düşüş gösterebilir ya da potansiyalizasyon etkili birkaç tekrar maksimal veya maksimale yakın önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonu sonrası artış gösterebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, standart bir ısınma sonrası uygulanan ve izometrik bacak itme egzersizi içeren bir önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonunun, skuat ve aktif sıçrama performansına akut etkilerini incelemektir. Yirmi (7 kadın, 13 erkek) Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencisi (yaş; 22,1±2,07 yıl, boy; 173,5±8,7 cm, vücut ağırlığı; 68,9±10,2 kg, vücut yağ yüzdesi; % 16,5±5,84) bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öntest-sontest araştırma modeli kullanılmış ve katılımcılar önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonunundan önce ve sonra skuat ve aktif sıçrama testlerine katılmışlardır. Önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonu, oturarak bacak itme egzersiz aletinde (135o diz fleksiyon), 5 sn süreli maksimal istemli izometrik kasılma şeklinde ve 90 sn dinlenme aralıklarından oluşan 3 maksimal tekrarlı bir set şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Bu 3 maksimal tekrar sonrası 8 dk pasif dinlenme verilmiş ve ardından sıçrama testleri yapılmıştır. Skuat ve aktif sıçrama öntest-sontest değerleri arasında fark olup olmadığını belirlemek için ise Eşleştirilmiş Örneklem T-testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler, hem skuat (p=0,13), hem de aktif sıçrama (p=0,83) öntest ve sontest değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Sonuçlara göre önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonundan hemen önce ve önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonundan 8 dk sonra ölçülen skuat ve aktif sıçrama yükseklikleri arasında bir fark yoktur. Bu çalışmada uygulanan önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonu sonucunda, skuat ve aktif sıçrama performanslarında akut artış görülmemiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, bu önkondisyonlanma kontraksiyonu protokolünün sıçrama performansını geliştirmediği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Aktivite öncesi kontraksiyon,ön yükleme,post aktivasyon potansiyelizasyonu,patlayıcı güç,kompleks antrenman

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