FUTBOLDA 4V4 DAR ALAN OYUNLARINA VERİLEN PSİKOLOJİK VE BİLİŞSEL CEVAPLAR

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı formatlarda oynatılan 4v4 dar alan oyunlarına verilen ruh hali, algılanan zihinsel yük ve zihinsel çaba cevaplarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 24 amatör futbolcu (yaş: 17,8 ± 5,1) katılmıştır. Araştırmada, kalecili, küçük kaleli ve topa sahip olma oyunlarını içeren 3 farklı formatta 4v4 dar alan oyunu oynatılmıştır. Oyuncular Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testi Seviye 1 skorlarına göre takımlara ayrılarak, 4 set, 4 dakika ve setler arası 2 dakika dinlenme olacak şekilde oyunlara katılmışlardır. Brunel Ruh Hali cevapları bütün oyunlar öncesinde ve sonrasında, NASA-TLX ve Zihinsel Çaba skorları da oyunlar sırasında ve sonrasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, kalecili oyunda bitkinlik ve dinçlik ruh hallerinde, küçük kaleli oyunda bitkinlik, depresiflik ve dinçlik ve topa sahip olma oyunda ise bitkinlik, kızgınlık ve dinçlik ruh hali cevaplarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür (p<0,05). Algılanan zihinsel yük (NASA-TLX) ve zihinsel çaba cevapları incelendiğinde topa sahip olma oyununda diğer oyunlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Zihinsel Yük ve zihinsel çaba arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, küçük kaleli oyun ile zihinsel talep arasında (r=,455; p<0,05), topa sahip olma oyun ile fiziksel talep (r=,582; p<0,01) ve efor (r=,552; p<0,01) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Topa sahip olma oyunu diğer oyunlara göre oyuncular için daha fazla zihinsel yük ve zihinsel çaba gerektiren bir bilişsel performans ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, dar alan oyunlarının ruh hallerini etkilediğini ve bilişsel süreçlerdeki talepleri artırdığını göstermiştir. Antrenörlerin, oyun performansındaki artışı sağlamak için yalnızca fiziksel etkenleri değil, aynı zamanda psikolojik ve bilişsel faktörleri de göz önünde bulundurarak oyun formatlarını dizayn ettiğinde sporcular için çok yönlü bir gelişim sağlayabilecekleri söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Futbol
• Dar Alan Oyunları
• Ruh Hali
• Zihinsel Yük
• Zihinsel Çaba

COMPARISON OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE RESPONSES TO VARIOUS 4V4 SMALL-SIDED SOCCER GAMES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the mood state, mental workload and mental effort responses among the various small-sided soccer games (SSGs) in amateur players. Twenty-four male amateur soccer players (average age 17.8±5.1 years) participated in this study voluntarily to perform the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and were assigned to teams according to their test scores. Following this, players performed a total of 16 minutes of various 4vs4 small-sided soccer games with 4 bouts and 2-minute passive rest periods in terms of possession, mini goals and with goalkeeper. NASA-TLX and Rating of Mental Effort Scale (RSME) were monitored during and at the end of each SSGs. Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was also determined at the beginning and end of each SSGs. Our results revealed that the mood states, mental workload and mental effort affected significantly in various 4vs4 SSGs (p<0.05). The NASA-TLX and RSME showed meaningfully higher in possession games compared to the other SSGs (p<0.05). Our results also showed significantly different correlations between mini goals and RSME (r=.455; p<0.05), possession and physical demands (r=.582; p<0.01) and effort (r=.552; p<0.01). We also found higher mental workload and mental effort in possession games compared to the other SSGs. According to our results, SSGs affect mood states and increasing cognitive demands in soccer. Coaches should take into consideration not only physical parameters, but also psychological and cognitive skills to increase game performance and multi-directional development in soccer players.

Keywords

• Soccer
• Small-Sided Games
• Mood States
• Mental Workload
• Mental Effort

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