THE INVESTIGATION OF PROSOCIAL AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND ATHLETE IDENTITY ACCORDING TO SOME VARIABLES

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 147 - 161, 14.12.2018

Recep Görgülü , Gamze Elif Adiloğulları Ömer Macit Tosun İlhan Adiloğulları

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.397248

Cited By: 7

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between
prosocial and antisocial behaviour and athlete identity according to some
variables. 244 university students, who actively participate in sports,
voluntarily participated in this study. Data were collected by
using ‘’Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport Scale (PABSS)’’ adapted
into Turkish by Sezen-Balcikanli (2013) and ‘’Athletic Identity Scale’’ adapted
into Turkish by Öztürk and Koca (2013). The data were analysed with SPSS 22 via
descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney-U test for pairwise groups, while correlation
between variables was assessed by spearman correlation test. Results revealed
significant relationship between athlete identity and prosocial behaviour to
teammate and also between athlete identity and the sporting experience in
years. Moreover, our results indicated that male athletes have a stronger
athlete identity than female athletes. As a result, coaches and practitioners are
recommended to consider the individual differences of athletes while dealing
with moral disengagement (antisocial) and its behavioural consequences in
sporting environment.

Keywords

identity, Behaviour, morality, sport

PROSOSYAL VE ANTİSOSYAL DAVRANIŞ İLE SPORCU KİMLİĞİNİN BAZI DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı sporcularda prososyal ve
antisosyal davranışlar ile sporcu kimliğinin farklı değişkenlere göre
incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya aktif olarak spor yapan 244 üniversite öğrencisi
gönüllü olarak katıldı. Çalışmanın verileri, Türkçe uyarlaması Sezen-Balçıkanlı
(2013) tarafından yapılan ‘’Sporda Prososyal ve Antisosyal Davranış Ölçeği
(SPADÖ)’’ ve Türkçe uyarlaması Öztürk ve Koca (2013) tarafından yapılan
‘’Sporcu Kimliği Ölçeği (SKÖ)’’ ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22 programında
tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ikili gruplarda Mann Whitney-U testi ile değerlendirilirken,
değişkenler arası ilişki ise spearmans korelasyon testi ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sporcu kimliği ile takım
arkadaşına prososyal davranışta bulunma arasında ve sporcu kimliği ile spor
yapma yılı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte erkek
sporcuların kadın sporculara göre daha güçlü sporcu kimliğine sahip oldukları
tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, antrenör ve eğitimcilere spor ortamlarındaki
ahlaki antisosyal davranışları ve bu davranışların sonuçlarını ele alırken
sporcuların bireysel farklılıklarının göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği
önerilmektedir.

Keywords

kimlik, davranış, Ahlak, spor

References

• 1. Bredemeier BJL, Shields DL. Moral assessment in sport psychology, In: Duda JL, editör, Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement, Morgantown; 1998.
• 2. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action, In: Kurtines WM, Gewirtz JL, editors, Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research, and applications, Hillsdale: NJ-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1991.
• 3. Bandura AA. Social cognitive theory of personality In: Pervin L, John O, editors, Handbook of personality, The coherence of personality. New York: Guilford Press; 1999.
• 4. Kavussanu M, Boardley ID. The prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2009; (31): 97-117.
• 5. Shields D, LaVoi N, Bredemeier B, Power F. Predictors of poor sportspersonship in youth sports: Personal attitudes and social influences, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2007; (29): 747-762.
• 6. Kavussanu M, Seal, AR, Phillips DR. Observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in male soccer teams: Age differences across adolescence and the role of motivational variables, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2006; (18): 326-344.
• 7. Sage L, Kavussanu, M, Duda JL. Goal orientations and moral identity as predictors of prosocial and antisocial functioning in male association football players, Journal of Sports Sciences, 2006; (24): 455-466.
• 8. Eisenberg N, Fabes RA. Prosocial development, In: Damon W, Eisenberg N, editors, Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development, 3th ed. New York: Wiley; 1998.
• 9. Eisenberg N, Fabes RA, Spinrad TL: Prosocial development, In: Eisenberg N, Damon W, editors, Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development, 6th ed. New York: Wiley; 2006.
• 10. Gomà-i-Freixanet M. Prosocial and antisocial aspects of personality, Personality and Individual Differences, 1995; (19): 125-134.
• 11. Boardley ID, Kavussanu M. The influence of social variables and moral disengagement on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in field hockey and netball, Journal of Sports Sciences, 2009; 27(8): 843-854.
• 12. Boardley ID, Kavussanu M. Effects of goal orientation and perceived value of toughness on antisocial behavior in soccer: The mediating role of moral disengagement, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2010; 32 (2): 176-192.
• 13. Kavussanu M. Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football, Journal of Sport Science, 2006; 24 (6): 575-588.
• 14. Kavussanu M, Stam R, Slade G, Ring C. Observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in male and female soccer players, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2009; (21): 62-76.
• 15. Sezen- Balçıkanlı G, Yıldıran İ. Elit salon hokeyi oyuncularında empatik beceri ile prososyal davranışlar arasındaki ilişki, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 23 (1): 1-8.
• 16. Erikson E. Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton, 1968.
• 17. Shavelson RJ, Bolus R. Self concept: The interplay of theory and methods, Journal of Educational Psychology, 1982; (74): 3-17.
• 18. Armitage CJ, Conner M. The theory of planned behavior: Assessment of predictive validity and perceived control, British Journal of Social Psychology, 1999; (38): 35-54.
• 19. Charng H, Piliavin J, Callero P. Role identity and reasoned action in the prediction of repeated behavior, Social Psychology Quarterly, 1988; 51 (4): 303-317.
• 20. Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Linder DE. Athletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or Achilles heel?, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1993; (24): 237–254.
• 21. Brewer BW, Cornelius AE. Norms and factorial invariance of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Academic Athletic Journal, 2001; (15): 103-113.
• 22. Li HY, Andersen MB. Athletic identity in China: Examining the AIMS in a Hong Kong sample, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2008; 6 (2): 176-188.
• 23. Lamont-Mills A, Christensen SA. Athletic identity and its relationship to sport participation levels, J Sci Med Sport, 2006; (9): 472-478.
• 24. Brewer BW, Boin PD, Petitpas AJ. Dimensions of athletic identity. Paper Presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Conference. Toronto, 1993.
• 25. Gapin JI, Petruzzello SJ. Athletic identity and disordered eating in obligatory and nonobligatory runners, J Sports Sci, 2011; (29): 1001-1110.
• 26. Harrison L, Sailes G, Rotich WK, Bimper AY. Living the dream or awakening from the nightmare: Race and athletic identity, Race Ethnicity and Education, 2011;(14)1: 91-103.
• 27. Visek AJ, Hurst JR, Maxwell JP, Watson JC. A cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2008; (20): 473-480.
• 28. Marsh HW. Physical fitness self-concept: Relations of physical fitness to field and technical indicators for boys and girls aged 9–25. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1993; 15: 184-206.
• 29. Horton RS, Mack DE. Athletic identity in marathon runners: Functional focus or dysfunctional commitment? Journal of Sport Behavior, 2000; 23: 101-119.
• 30. Stryker S, Serpe RT. Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly, 1994; 57: 16-35.
• 31. Steinfeldt JA, Steinfeldt MC. Gender role conflict, athletic identity, and help-seeking among high school football players, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2010; 22 (3): 262-273.
• 32. Saraç L, Toprak N. Sporcu kimliği ve homofobi ilişkisinin sporcu üniversite öğrencisi adayları örnekleminde incelenmesi, Spormetre, 2017; 15(2): 79-84.
• 33. Kaçay Z, Can Y. Sporcu kimlik algısı ile cesaret ve özgüven duyguları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi, Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 13(3): 6176-6184.
• 34. Sezen- Balçıkanlı G. The Turkish adaptation of the prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale (PABSS), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2013; 3 (18): 271-276.
• 35. Öztürk P, Koca C. Sporcu kimliği ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2013; 24 (1): 1-10. 36. Yavuzer, H. Çocuk psikolojisi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 2001.
• 37. Yıldız M, Şenel E, Şahan H. The relationship between prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport, general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy: Study in department of physical education and sport teacher education, International Journal of Human Sciences, 2015; 12(2): 1273-1278.
• 38. Şenel E, Yıldız M. The investigation of bodily/ kinesthetic intelligence and sportsperson ship orientation of students in school of physical education and sport, International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports Health and Medical Sciences, 2016; 19: 54-61.
• 39. Proios M, Proios MC, Fotis Mavrovouniotis F, Theofanis S. An exploratory study of athletic identity in university physical education students, Graduate Journal of Sport Exercise & Physical Education Research, 2012; 1: 98-107.
• 40. Wiechman SA, Williams J. Relation of athletic identity to injury and mood disturbance, Journal of Sport Behavior, 1997; 20: 199-210.
• 41. Matheson H, Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Andersen B. Athletic identity of national level badminton players: A cross-cultural analysis, In: Reilly TM, Hughes M, Lees A, editors, Science and racket sports, London: Spon; 1994.
• 42. Çetinkaya T. Sporcu kimliği oluşumunda etkili olan faktörler. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2010.
• 43. Shields DL, Bredemeier B. Character development and physical activity, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995.
• 44. Brewer BW. Self-identity and specific vulnerability to depressed mood. Journal of Personality, 1993; 61 (3): 343-364.
• 45. Özcan, A. Türkiye’de okul öncesi dönemde prososyal davranışlar ile ilgili yapılan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri ile makalelerin incelenmesi, International Journal of Social Sciences, 2016; 51: 489-504.