National Skill Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Vocational Education and Training in Germany, Japan and Turkey

Vildan Taşlı

doi:10.26466/opus.479392

EN TR

National Skill Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Vocational Education and Training in Germany, Japan and Turkey

Abstract

Having different institutional contexts (e.g. economy, society and culture), countries follow different skill regimes to prepare their people for the labour market. A rich body of literature examines the different characteristics of countries’ skill regimes. Drawing on the related literature, this paper introduces varieties of skill regimes in a classification of countries’ different approaches in shaping their skill systems. This is to capture the specifics of institutional variety that shapes differences in an economic organisation including skill development. The paper focuses on examining the characteristics of the vocational education and training (VET) systems in three countries: Germany, Japan, and Turkey. It compares the systems in these countries according to several themes including governance and financing of VET, skill specificity, and status of the VET system. The paper shows that three countries represent three different types of skill regimes. In Germany, VET performs in a consensus-led approach that entails coordination and cooperation of all social partners while shaping the VET system. Japan, on the other hand, has a firm-based VET system that depends on firms’ specific and different strategies in training and employing individuals. Despite sharing some similar characteristics with these two countries, Turkey is categorised as having a state-led VET system in which the state plays a dominant role in shaping the system.

Keywords

National skill systems,Vocational education and training (VET),Germany,Japan,Turkey

Ulusal Beceri Sistemleri: Almanya, Japonya ve Türkiye’nin Mesleki Eğitim Sisteminin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Farklı kurumsal bağlamlara (ör. ekonomi, toplum ve kültür) sahip olan ülkeler, insanlarını iş gücü piyasasına hazırlamak için farklı beceri rejimlerini takip ederler. Ülkelerin beceri gelişiminde benimsediği yaklaşımları inceleyen zengin bir literatür bulunmaktadır. İlgili literatürden yararlanarak, bu makale, ülkelerin beceri gelişim sistemlerini şekillendirirken benimsedikleri farklı yaklaşımları ele almaktadır. Makale, üç ülkede (Almanya, Japonya ve Türkiye) mesleki eğitim sistemlerinin özelliklerini incelemektedir. Bu ülkeler mesleki eğitim sistemlerinin yönetilmesi ve finanse edilmesi, spesifik becerilerin gelişimine odaklanma ve mesleki eğitim sisteminin toplumdaki statüsü/algısı gibi çeşitli temalara göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada öne çıkan önemli bir nokta incelenen üç ülkenin üç farklı beceri rejimini temsil ettiği şeklindedir. Almanya’da mesleki eğitim sistemi tüm sosyal paydaşların dahil olduğu ve işbirliği içinde hareket ettiği uzlaşmaya dayalı bir yaklaşımla yönetilmektedir. Öte yandan Japonya’da, firmaların bireyleri eğitip istihdam ederken farklı stratejiler geliştirdiği ve tüm sosyal paydaşların katılımını gerektirmeyen daha firma-odaklı bir mesleki eğitim sistemi bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’nin de Japonya ve Almanya ile benzer özellikler gösterdiği noktalar olsa da, mesleki eğitim sisteminin şekillenmesinde devlet daha güçlü bir rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ulusal beceri sistemleri,Mesleki eğitim sistemi,Almanya,Japonya,Türkiye

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Vildan Taşlı
0000-0001-7629-6774
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 30, 2018

Submission Date

November 6, 2018

Acceptance Date

December 3, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2018 Volume: 9 Number: 16

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.479392

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29YY46MJ

APA

Taşlı, V. (2018). National Skill Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Vocational Education and Training in Germany, Japan and Turkey. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 1660-1698. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.479392

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