Peer Relations in Adolescence

Seval Kızıldağ

doi:10.26466/opus.531892

EN TR

Peer Relations in Adolescence

Abstract

Peer relations are one of the important social relations in adolescence. The aim of this study is to examine the adolescent individual's peer relations with the variables of gender, attachment to mother and father and social anxiety. The study group of this research consists of 220 girls (61.5%) and 138 boys (38.5%) and 358 high school students in total. The data of the study were collected by the Peer Relations Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Social Anxiety Scale for the Adolescents and the Demographic Information Form. In this descriptive study, hierarchical regression analysis, which is one of the multiple regression methods, was used to determine the predictors of peer relations. At the same time, a t-test was conducted on independent samples to determine whether high school students' peer relations differed by gender. According to the results of hierarchical regression analysis; gender and attachment to father meaningfully predict peer relations; attachment to mother and social anxiety do not meaningfully predict peer relations. Besides, peer relations differ significantly by gender. These findings of the research were discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions are presented.

Keywords

Peer relations,Mother attachment,Father attachment,Social Anxiety,Adolescents

References

Acquah, E. O., Topalli, P. Z., Wilson, M. L., Junttila, N., & Niemi, P. M. (2016). Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety as predictors of bullying victimisation. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(3), 320-331.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
Allen, J., Porter, M., McFarland, C., Marsh, P., & McElhaney, K. ( 2005 ). The two faces of adolescents’ success with peers: Adolescent popularity, social adaptation, and deviant behavior. Child Development, 76(3), 747 – 760.
Allen, J.P., & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 319–335). New York: Guilford.
Al-Yagon, M. (2011). Adolescents’ subtypes of attachment security with fathers and mothers and self-perceptions of socioemotional adjustment. Psychology, 2(4), 291-299.
Baytemir, K. (2016). The mediation of interpersonal competence in the relationship between parent and peer attachment and subjective well-being in adolescence. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 69-91.
Beidel, D. C., Morris, T. L. & Turner, M. W. (2004). Social phobia. J. S. March & T. L. Morris (Ed.). In Anxiety in children and adolescents (pp. 141-164). New York: Guilford Publications.
Benenson, J. F. & Christakos, A. (2003). The greater fragility of females' versus males' closest same-sex friendships. Child Development, 74, 1123–1129.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
Bretherton, I., Lambert, J. D., & Golby, B. (2005). Involved fathers of preschool children as seen by themselves and their wives: Accounts of attachment, socialization, and companionship. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 229–251.

Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer groups and peer cultures. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.). At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Brown, B. B., & Klute, C. (2003). Friendships, cliques, and crowds. In G. R. Adams, & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.). Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 330–348). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 471-84.
Demirli, A. (2007). The role of gender, attachment dimensions, and family environment in loneliness (Unpublished master thesis). School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
Döğücü, F. 2004. Tosya ilçesinde farklı liselerde öğrenim gören ergenlerin arkadaş ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
Durmuşoğlu, N., & Doğru, S. 2006. Çocukluk örseleyici yaşantılarının ergenlikteki yakın ilişkilerde bireye etkisinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 237-246.
Fine, G. A., Mortimer, J. T., & Roberts, D. T. (1990). Leisure, work, and the mass media. In S. S. Feldman, & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Furman, W. E., Simon, V. A., Shaffer, L., & Bouchey, H. A. (2002). Adolescents’ working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Development, 73, 241–255.
Gentzler, A., Ramsey, M., Yuen, Y. C., Palmer, C., & Morey, J. (2014). Young adolescents’ emotional and regulatory responses to positive life events: Investigating temperament, attachment, and event characteristics. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9, 108–121.
Gustafsson, P. E., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Westerlund, H. & Hammarstro, A. (2012). Do peer relations in adolescence ınfluence health in adulthood? Peer problems in the school setting and the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. Plos One, 7(6), e39385.
Günaydın, B. & Yöndem, Z. D. (2007). Investigation of peer dependence in terms of some variables in adolescents. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Education Faculty, 7 (1), 141-153.
Haliloglu, S. (2008). Investigation of the relationships among loneliness levels, attachment styles, and dysfunctional beliefs of adolescents (Sample of Malatya) (Unpublished masters thesis). Inönü University, Malatya.
Hartup, W.W. & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 355–370.
Hill, J. P. & Lynch, M. E. (1983). The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. In J. Brooks-Gunn & A. C. Peterson (Eds.). Girls at puberty (pp. 201–228). New York, NY: Springer Science.
Hortaçsu, N. (2003). İnsan ilişkileri. Ankara: İmge Kitapevi.
Karakuş, Ö. (2012). Relation between attachment and loneliness in adolescence. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 23 (2), 33-46.
Kerns, K. A. (1994). A developmental model of the relations between mother-child attachment and friendship. In R. Erber & R. Gilmour (Eds.). Theoretical frameworks for personal relationship (pp. 129-156). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Kerns, K. A., Contreras, J. M. & Neal-Barnett, A. M. (2000). Family and peers: Linking two social worlds. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Kulaksızoğlu, A. 2000. Ergenlik psikolojisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
Laible, D., Carlo, G. & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45–59.
Lieberman, M., Doyle, A. B. & Markiewicz, D. (1999). Developmental patterns in security of attachment to mother and father in late childhood and early adolescence: Associations with peer relations. Child Development, 70(1), 202-213.
Lin, M. J. (1998). Attachment to parents and peers: Impact on adolescents psychosocial adjustment and interpersonal relationship in Taiwan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Colorado. Maccoby, E. E. (1998). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B. & Brendgen, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents’ friendships: Associations with mothers’ interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429–445.
Moretti, M. M. & Peled, M. (2004). Adolescent-parent attachment: Bonds that support healthy development. Paediatr Child Health, 9(8), 551-554.
Nawaz, S. (2011). The relationships of parental and peer attachment bonds with the identity development during adolescence. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 104–119.
Nickerson, A. B. & Nagle, R. J. (2005). Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(2), 223-249.
Oldfield, J., Humphrey, N. & Hebron, J. (2016). The role of parental and peer attachment relationships and school connectedness in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. Child Adolescence Mental Health, 21, 21–29.
Öztürk, M., Sayar, K., Uğurad, I. & Tüzün, Ü. (2005). The prevalence of social phobia in mothers of social phobic children. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 15, 60-64.
Parke, R. D. & Burielm, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 429-504). New York, NY: Wiley.
Preveaux, N., Ray, G., Lobello, S. & Mehta, S. (2004). Peer relationships among institutionalized juvenile boys. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(3), 284-302.
Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S.M., Ammerman, R. T., Crosby, L.E. & Sallee, F. R. (2007). Social anxietry disorder in childhood and adolescence: Descriptive psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1181-1191.
Reich, S. M. & Vandell, D. L. (2010). The interplay between parents and peers as socializing influences in children's development. In The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, Second Edition (Eds P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Rose, A. J. (2002). Corumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73, 1830–1843.
Rose, A. J., Carlson, W. & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective association of corumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Development Psychology, 43, 1019– 1031.
Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M. & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relations, and groups. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), W. Damon, & R. Lerner (Series Ed.). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional and personality development (pp. 571–645). New York: Wiley.
Sandhu, R. (2014). Father attachment predicts adolescent girls' social and emotional development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Antioch University, Seattle.
Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.). Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, 16, 41-91. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sroufe, L.A. & Fleeson, J. (1986). Attachment and the construction of relations. In W.W. Hartup & Z. Rubin (Eds.). Relations and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Steele H. & Steele M. (2005). The construct of coherence as an indicator of attachment security in middle childhood: The friends and family interview. In: Kerns K, Richardson R, editors. Attachment in middle childhood. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 137–160.
Suess, G. J., Grossmann, K. E. & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Effects of infant attachment to mother and father on quality of adaptation in preschool: From dyadic to individual organisation of self. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 43–65.
Sukys, S., Lisinskiene, A. & Tilindiene, I. (2015). Adolescents’ participation in sport activities and attachment to parents and peers. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(9), 1507–1518.
Şimşek, D. (2010). The investigation of the peer relations, social support perception and life satisfaction onto the 8th grade students that stay in regional boarding primary education school and with their families. (Unpublishes masters thesis). Çukurova University, Adana.
Tillfors, M., Persson, S., Willén, M. & Burk, W. J. (2012). Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1255-1263.
Underwood, M.K. & Rosen, L. H. (2009). Gender, peer relations, and challenges for girlfriends and boyfriends coming together in adolescence. Psychology Women Quarterly, 33(1), 16, 1-7.
Yücel, N. (2009). A study on the effect of the internet use at home on the peer relations and the loneliness level of the adolescents (Unpublished masters thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Studies on Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Seval Kızıldağ ^*
0000-0002-3357-7186
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 31, 2019

Submission Date

February 25, 2019

Acceptance Date

March 17, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 10 Number: 17

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.531892

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86LS82YJ

APA

Kızıldağ, S. (2019). Peer Relations in Adolescence. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 1408-1432. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.531892

Peer Relations in Adolescence

Peer Relations in Adolescence

Abstract

Keywords

Ergenlerde Akran İlişkileri

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite