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Spor Sektöründe Gençlerin İstihdamı

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 18, 2649 - 2665, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.535301

Abstract

Spor, günümüzde pek çok sektörü (eğitim, basın,
tekstil, turizm, şans oyunları ve altyapı vb. gibi) doğrudan ya da dolaylı
sebeplerle etkilediği için ekonomik olarak dikkate değer hale gelmiştir. Sporun
bu kadar geniş alanla etkileşim içerisinde oluşu ekonomik etkilerini
değerlendirmeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Spor, tüm dünyada hızla büyüyen ve yeni
işler yaratması muhtemel olan kilit sektörlerden biridir. Son yıllarda,
Avrupa'da sporun artan ekonomik ve ticari eğilimi, gerçek bir değişim
yaratmıştır. AB işsizliği azaltmaya çalışırken, spor sektörü de altyapı
yatırımları, yeni teknolojiler, eğitim ve değişim programları, yeni iş
kollarının yaratılması gibi konularla olumlu olarak desteklemektedir. AB'nin
özellikle spor sektöründe bahsettiği ana konulardan biri sporda istihdamdır.
Komisyon tarafından White Paper (Beyaz Kitap) da tanımlandığı gibi, spor önemli
bir istihdam kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Sporun özellikle gençler tarafından
yapılan bir meslek olduğu düşünüldüğünde, ülkelerdeki genç istihdam oranları
üzerindeki etkisi merak konusudur. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa'da gençlerin istihdam
rakamları ile Türkiye de genç istihdamı rakamlarının spor sektöründe ne kadar
paya sahibi olduğu araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri doküman analizi
yöntemi ile, AB istatistik kurumu (Eurostat), AB komisyon raporları, İLO ve
TUİK den elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çeşitli çalışma gurupları
tarafından yapılan araştırma sonuçları ile yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak spor
sektörü AB’ye üye ülkelerde yaklaşık olarak GSYİH’nın % 2’si oranında bir
istihdama sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Türkiye’de ise spor sektörünün genel
istihdamda aldığı pay % 0,5 oranındadır. Bunun yanında spor sektöründe istihdam
edilen bireylerin % 40’a yakını genç nüfusa mensuptur. 

References

  • European Commission. (2007). White paper on sport. Brussels. Access: 27.01.2017 http://www.euoffice.eurolympic.org/files/guide_to_eu_sport_policy_final_versionwithlinks.pdf.
  • European Commission. (2011). Annual work programmes on grants and contracts for the "preparatory action in the field of sport", For The "Special Annual Event– Special Olympics (Athens)" And For The Pilot Project Knowledge Partnerships in C 2680 of 20 April. Access: 20.10.2017 http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education-culture/more_info/awp/docs/c_2011_2680.pdf
  • European Commission. (2012). The economic growth in sports final re-port. Access: 09.12.2017 http://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/-library/studies/study-contribution-spors-economic-growth-final-rpt.pdf
  • European Commission. (2016). Investigation of the contribution of sport to structural development with structural funds. Access: 16.07.2018 http://www.euskladi.si/sl/dokumenti/studije-in-vredno-tenja/studija-o-vplivih-sportne-infra-na-razvoj.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Coenjaerts, C., Ernst, C., Fortuny, M., Rei, D. and Pilgrim, I. M. (2009). Youth employment. promoting propoor growth: Employment, OECD Report 119-131.
  • Cerrahoglu, N. (2016). Spor ekonomisi bilim dalının gelişim analizi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(27), 309.
  • Çetinkaya, E. (2010). Genç işsizliğin teorik açıklamaları. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 58(1), 45-57.
  • DİSK. (2017). DİSK-AR işsizlik ve istihdam raporu, Eylül 2017, Access: 03.08.2018 http://disk.org.tr/2017/09/istihdam-seferberligi-yok-cirak-stajyer-ve-kursiyer-patlamasivar/
  • Dudfield, O. (Ed.) (2014). Strengthening sport for development and peace national policies and strategies, 23, London: Commonwealth Sec-retariat. Access: 25.02.2018 http://www.sportsthinktank.com/-uploads/strengthening-sport-for-development-and-peace-national-policies-and-strategies-january-2014.pdf
  • EHFMR. (2015). Europan health and fintness market report. Access: 16.04.2018 https://www.virke.no/globalassets/bransje/gamle-bransje-dokumenter/euopean-health--fitness-market-report-2015---kortversjon-norge.pdf/
  • EHFMR. (2018). Europan health and fintness market report. Access: 15.07.2018 https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumerbusiness/European%20Health%20and-%20-Fitness%20Report-_2018_extract.pdf
  • Eurostat. (2014). Statical book:Employment rates of people aged 15-29. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Ac-cess: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/-3217494/6776245/KS-05-14-031-EN-N.pdf/18bee6f0-c181-457d-ba82-d77b314456b9
  • Eurostat. (2016a). Employment in sport. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Access: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Employment_in_sport
  • Eurostat. (2016b). Employment in sport and average annula growth rate. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ac-cess: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.-php/File:Tab01_Employment_in_sport_and_average_annual_growth_rate.png
  • Eurostat. (2017a). Employment rates in the eu and sports sector in Turkey, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ac-cess: 02.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/-show.do?dataset=sprt_emp_age&lang=en
  • Eurostat. (2017b). 15-29 age youth employment rates in Turkey and in the EU countries. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the Euro-pean Union Access: 04.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/-nui/submitViewTableAction.do
  • Eurostat. (2017c). The share of people aged 15-29 in total employment in Turkey and in the EU. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Access: 05.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec-.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do
  • Eurostat. (2018). Sport statistic 2018 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Access: 14.06.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4031688/8716412/-KS-07-17-123-EN-N.pdf/908e0e7f-a416-48a9-8fb7-d874f4950f57
  • Esson, J. (2015). You have to try your luck: male Ghanaian youth and the uncertainty of football migration. Environment and Planning A, 47(6), 1383-1397
  • Gartner-Manzon, S. and Giles, A.R. (2016). A case study of the lasting impacts of employment in a development through sport, rec-reation and the arts programme for Aboriginal youth. Sport in Society, 19(2), 159-173.
  • Kahraman, B. (2011). Youth employment and unemployment in developing countries: Macro challenges with micro perspectives. Graduate Doctoral Dissertations, 39-40.
  • Kamacı, A. (2016). Doğu Karadeniz’de işgücü ve istihdam. Yönetim, Ekonomi, Edebiyat, İslami ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 14-32.
  • Kılıç, C. ve Özay, M. (2009). Çalışma ekonomisi teorisi (s.41), Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Kılıç, C. ve Bülbül, O.G. (2012). Genç işsizliğine ilişkin teorik çerçeve ve dünyada genç istihdamının durumu. Access: 20.03.2018 http://www.iskur.gov.tr/Portals/0/dokumanlar/Kurumsal%20-Bilgi/faaliyetler/yay%C4%B1nlar/istihdamda%203i%20dergis-i/2012/%C4%B0stihdamda%203i%20Say%C4%B1%207.pdf
  • KUSIF. (2017). B-Fit kadınların spor ve yaşam merkezi sosyal etki raporu 2005-2015, Access: 22.10.2018 http://sosyaletkianalizi.com/-turkiyeden/b-fit-kadinlarin-spor-ve-yasam-merkezi-sosyal-etki-raporu-2005-2015/
  • Malfas, M., Theodoraki, E. and Houlihan, B. (2004). Impacts of olympic games as megaevents. Municipal Engineer, 157(ME3), 209- 220.
  • Marketing Türkiye. (2018). E-Spor bilet geliri 32 milyon dolar arttı. Access: 22.10.2018 http://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/-haberler/e-spor-bilet-geliri-32-milyon-dolar-artti-2
  • Murat, S. (2007). Dünden bugüne İstanbul’un işgücü ve istihdam yapısı. İstanbul: İTO Yayınları, Yayın No:73.
  • ILO. (2012). Global employment outlook, Semtember Report, s. 1. Access: 19.02.2019 https://www.ilo.org/global/research/globalreports/-global-employment-trends/2012/WCMS_188810/lang-en/index-.htm
  • Sport England. (2013). Economic value of sport in England. Access: 03.01.2018 https://www.sportengland.org/media/3174/economic-value-of-sport-summary.pdf
  • Taşğın, Ö., Bozgeyikli, H. & Boğazlıyan, E.E. (2017). Üniversiteli gençlerin işsizlik kaygıları ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişki. Hak-İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 6(16), 551-567.
  • TUİK. (2016). Türkiye’de genç istihdamı. access: 03.05.2018 to http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24648
  • Wright, T. and Cunningham, G. (2017). Disability status, stereotype content, and employment opportunities in sport and fitness organizations. Access: 06.11.2017 to https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2016-0061

Youth Employment in The Sports Sector

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 18, 2649 - 2665, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.535301

Abstract

Sports, today, have
become economically remarkable because they affect many sectors (such as
education, press, textiles, tourism, games of chance and infrastructure)
directly or indirectly. The interaction of sports with such a number of areas
makes it difficult to evaluate its economic effects. Sport is one of the key
industries that are rapidly growing all over the world and is likely to create
new jobs. In recent years, the increasing economic and commercial tendency of
sports has created a real change in Europe. While the EU is trying to reduce
unemployment, the sports sector also supports infrastructure investments, new
technologies, training and exchange programs, and creation of new business
lines. One of the main issues that the EU discusses is the employment in
sports. As described in the White Paper by the commission, sports have become a
significant source of employment. Considering that sports employ especially the
young, its effect on youth employment rates is an issue of concern. In this
study, we examined the youth employment shares of Europe and Turkey in the
sports sector. The data sources of the study are Eurostat, the EU commission
reports, the ILO and TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute), and the data were
obtained through document analysis method. The data were interpreted with the
research results done by various study groups. As a result, the studies show
that the sports sector has an employment rate of around 2% of GDP in the EU
member states. In Turkey, the share of the sports sector in general employment
is 0.5%. In addition, nearly 40% of the individuals employed in the sports
sector belong to youthful population.

References

  • European Commission. (2007). White paper on sport. Brussels. Access: 27.01.2017 http://www.euoffice.eurolympic.org/files/guide_to_eu_sport_policy_final_versionwithlinks.pdf.
  • European Commission. (2011). Annual work programmes on grants and contracts for the "preparatory action in the field of sport", For The "Special Annual Event– Special Olympics (Athens)" And For The Pilot Project Knowledge Partnerships in C 2680 of 20 April. Access: 20.10.2017 http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education-culture/more_info/awp/docs/c_2011_2680.pdf
  • European Commission. (2012). The economic growth in sports final re-port. Access: 09.12.2017 http://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/-library/studies/study-contribution-spors-economic-growth-final-rpt.pdf
  • European Commission. (2016). Investigation of the contribution of sport to structural development with structural funds. Access: 16.07.2018 http://www.euskladi.si/sl/dokumenti/studije-in-vredno-tenja/studija-o-vplivih-sportne-infra-na-razvoj.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Coenjaerts, C., Ernst, C., Fortuny, M., Rei, D. and Pilgrim, I. M. (2009). Youth employment. promoting propoor growth: Employment, OECD Report 119-131.
  • Cerrahoglu, N. (2016). Spor ekonomisi bilim dalının gelişim analizi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(27), 309.
  • Çetinkaya, E. (2010). Genç işsizliğin teorik açıklamaları. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 58(1), 45-57.
  • DİSK. (2017). DİSK-AR işsizlik ve istihdam raporu, Eylül 2017, Access: 03.08.2018 http://disk.org.tr/2017/09/istihdam-seferberligi-yok-cirak-stajyer-ve-kursiyer-patlamasivar/
  • Dudfield, O. (Ed.) (2014). Strengthening sport for development and peace national policies and strategies, 23, London: Commonwealth Sec-retariat. Access: 25.02.2018 http://www.sportsthinktank.com/-uploads/strengthening-sport-for-development-and-peace-national-policies-and-strategies-january-2014.pdf
  • EHFMR. (2015). Europan health and fintness market report. Access: 16.04.2018 https://www.virke.no/globalassets/bransje/gamle-bransje-dokumenter/euopean-health--fitness-market-report-2015---kortversjon-norge.pdf/
  • EHFMR. (2018). Europan health and fintness market report. Access: 15.07.2018 https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumerbusiness/European%20Health%20and-%20-Fitness%20Report-_2018_extract.pdf
  • Eurostat. (2014). Statical book:Employment rates of people aged 15-29. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Ac-cess: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/-3217494/6776245/KS-05-14-031-EN-N.pdf/18bee6f0-c181-457d-ba82-d77b314456b9
  • Eurostat. (2016a). Employment in sport. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Access: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Employment_in_sport
  • Eurostat. (2016b). Employment in sport and average annula growth rate. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ac-cess: 20.03.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.-php/File:Tab01_Employment_in_sport_and_average_annual_growth_rate.png
  • Eurostat. (2017a). Employment rates in the eu and sports sector in Turkey, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ac-cess: 02.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/-show.do?dataset=sprt_emp_age&lang=en
  • Eurostat. (2017b). 15-29 age youth employment rates in Turkey and in the EU countries. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the Euro-pean Union Access: 04.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/-nui/submitViewTableAction.do
  • Eurostat. (2017c). The share of people aged 15-29 in total employment in Turkey and in the EU. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Access: 05.04.2018 http://appsso.eurostat.ec-.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do
  • Eurostat. (2018). Sport statistic 2018 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Access: 14.06.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4031688/8716412/-KS-07-17-123-EN-N.pdf/908e0e7f-a416-48a9-8fb7-d874f4950f57
  • Esson, J. (2015). You have to try your luck: male Ghanaian youth and the uncertainty of football migration. Environment and Planning A, 47(6), 1383-1397
  • Gartner-Manzon, S. and Giles, A.R. (2016). A case study of the lasting impacts of employment in a development through sport, rec-reation and the arts programme for Aboriginal youth. Sport in Society, 19(2), 159-173.
  • Kahraman, B. (2011). Youth employment and unemployment in developing countries: Macro challenges with micro perspectives. Graduate Doctoral Dissertations, 39-40.
  • Kamacı, A. (2016). Doğu Karadeniz’de işgücü ve istihdam. Yönetim, Ekonomi, Edebiyat, İslami ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 14-32.
  • Kılıç, C. ve Özay, M. (2009). Çalışma ekonomisi teorisi (s.41), Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Kılıç, C. ve Bülbül, O.G. (2012). Genç işsizliğine ilişkin teorik çerçeve ve dünyada genç istihdamının durumu. Access: 20.03.2018 http://www.iskur.gov.tr/Portals/0/dokumanlar/Kurumsal%20-Bilgi/faaliyetler/yay%C4%B1nlar/istihdamda%203i%20dergis-i/2012/%C4%B0stihdamda%203i%20Say%C4%B1%207.pdf
  • KUSIF. (2017). B-Fit kadınların spor ve yaşam merkezi sosyal etki raporu 2005-2015, Access: 22.10.2018 http://sosyaletkianalizi.com/-turkiyeden/b-fit-kadinlarin-spor-ve-yasam-merkezi-sosyal-etki-raporu-2005-2015/
  • Malfas, M., Theodoraki, E. and Houlihan, B. (2004). Impacts of olympic games as megaevents. Municipal Engineer, 157(ME3), 209- 220.
  • Marketing Türkiye. (2018). E-Spor bilet geliri 32 milyon dolar arttı. Access: 22.10.2018 http://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/-haberler/e-spor-bilet-geliri-32-milyon-dolar-artti-2
  • Murat, S. (2007). Dünden bugüne İstanbul’un işgücü ve istihdam yapısı. İstanbul: İTO Yayınları, Yayın No:73.
  • ILO. (2012). Global employment outlook, Semtember Report, s. 1. Access: 19.02.2019 https://www.ilo.org/global/research/globalreports/-global-employment-trends/2012/WCMS_188810/lang-en/index-.htm
  • Sport England. (2013). Economic value of sport in England. Access: 03.01.2018 https://www.sportengland.org/media/3174/economic-value-of-sport-summary.pdf
  • Taşğın, Ö., Bozgeyikli, H. & Boğazlıyan, E.E. (2017). Üniversiteli gençlerin işsizlik kaygıları ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişki. Hak-İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 6(16), 551-567.
  • TUİK. (2016). Türkiye’de genç istihdamı. access: 03.05.2018 to http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24648
  • Wright, T. and Cunningham, G. (2017). Disability status, stereotype content, and employment opportunities in sport and fitness organizations. Access: 06.11.2017 to https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2016-0061
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hasan Erdem Mumcu 0000-0003-4325-5575

Ömür Fatih Karakullukçu 0000-0003-3343-5740

Mustafa Karakuş 0000-0001-7207-6686

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Acceptance Date May 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Mumcu, H. E., Karakullukçu, Ö. F., & Karakuş, M. (2019). Youth Employment in The Sports Sector. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 2649-2665. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.535301