Impact Of Economic Growth And Urbanization On Environmental Degradation: Evidence From Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 26, 4517 - 4539, 30.06.2020

Nurullah Altıntaş

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.725429

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, during 1960-2014, the effects of economic growth and urbanization on environmental degradation in Turkey were discussed. While doing this, ARDL Limit Test and ECM based Granger Causality Test were used. According to the results, urbanization increases CO2 emission both in the short term and long term in Turkey. However, while environmental degradation increases in the early stages of economic growth, growth after a certain level has a reducing effect on environmental degradation. This confirms the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve in Turkey. The results obtained are evaluated by considering the Ecological Modernization, Urban Transition and Compact City theories. According to the terms of the compact city, theory is seen in Turkey in the period in question have not been proven empirically, located in Urban Transition theory it is pointed out that the environmental issues involved. Policy suggestions are brought into consideration by considering the aspects of urbanization causing environmental degradation. In this context, firstly, household awareness should be raised and a planned and organized urbanization strategy should be put forward. Production and consumption of environmentally friendly goods should be encouraged and subsidized if necessary. Particularly, transportation services should be provided in such a way that benefits from economies of scale are possible

Keywords

Urbanization, Economic Growth, EKC, Ecological Modernization Theory

Kentleşme ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevresel Bozulmaya Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 1960-2014 döneminde, Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve kentleşmenin çevresel bozulma üzerine etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bunu yaparken ARDL Sınır Testi ve ECM’ye dayalı Granger Nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de bu dönem içinde kentleşme hem kısa dönemde hem de uzun dönemde CO2 emisyonunu artırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte ekonomik büyümenin ilk dönemlerinde çevresel bozulma artarken, belli bir seviyeden sonraki büyüme çevresel bozulma üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu durum Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznet Eğrisinin varlığını doğrulamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Ekolojik Modernleşme, Kentsel Geçiş ve Kompakt Şehir teorileri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmektedir. Buna göre söz konusu dönem içinde Türkiye’de Kompakt Şehir teorisinin şartlarının ampirik olarak kanıtlanmadığı görülürken, Kentsel Geçiş teorilerinde yer alan çevresel sorunların yer aldığına işaret edilmektedir. Kentleşmenin çevresel bozulmaya neden olan yönleri dikkate alınarak politika önerileri getirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle hanehalkı bilinçlendirilmeli, planlı ve organize kentleşme stratejisi ortaya konmalıdır. Çevre dostu malların üretimi ve tüketimi teşvik edilmeli, gerektiğinde sübvanse edilmelidir. Özellikle ölçek ekonomilerinden faydalanılacak biçimde ulaşım hizmetleri sağlanmalıdır.

Keywords

Ekonomik Büyüme, Kentleşme, EKC, Ekolojik Modernleşme Teorisi

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