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Arctic Region Politics: Actor Policies From Ottawa Declaration To Today And China's Polar Silk Road Project

Year 2020, Vol: 15 - Issue: 10. Year Special Issue, 5438 - 5473, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.733484

Abstract

The Arctic is on the agenda of international politics, with an increasing geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic value. The impact of global warming, which is a dimension of global climate change, has created a radical change on the region which is covered with glaciers and has a very harsh climate. While the melting of glaciers in the region creates an environmental threat and an ecological transformation, it presents various opportunities in political, economic, scientific, military and commercial fields. Both regional and non-regional actors, on the one hand, want to carry out studies on global warming, which have become an international security issue, on the other hand, they show the will to get share from the context of their national interests. In this sense, Arctic has gradually become a focal point in which the policies of great actors are concentrated. The Arctic also stands out as one of the places where China, the rising power of the international area, exhibits its global expansion. Potentials such as alternative trade route, energy resources, valuable metals, scientific discoveries, tourism in the region are the main lines of China's orientation. With the “White Book” announced in 2018, China laid out the official outline of the Chinese Arctic policy and explained the idea of the Polar Silk Road, which will form one leg of the Belt and Road Initiative. In this study, first of all, a brief introduction to the Arctic Region will be given, and then the Arctic Council, which was formed according to Ottawa Declaration by 8 states and local people in the region, will be included. Then, the general outlines of the policies of the actors in the Arctic will be discussed and as an outer actor China’s Arctic policy will be examined through the Polar Silk Road project.

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Arktik Bölgesi Siyaseti: Ottava Deklarasyonu’ndan Bugüne Aktör Politikaları Ve Çin’in Kutup İpek Yolu Projesi

Year 2020, Vol: 15 - Issue: 10. Year Special Issue, 5438 - 5473, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.733484

Abstract

Arktik giderek artan bir jeopolitik, jeostratejik ve jeoekonomik değerle birlikte uluslararası siyasetin gündeminde yer bulmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin bir boyutu olan küresel ısınmanın yarattığı etki, buzullarla kaplı ve iklimi oldukça sert bu bölgede köklü değişimler yaratmaktadır. Bölgedeki buzulların erimesi çevresel bir tehdit ve ekolojik bir dönüşüm oluştururken siyasi, ekonomik, bilimsel, askeri, ticari alanlarda da ortaya çeşitli fırsatlar çıkarmaktadır. Hem bölge hem de bölge dışı aktörler de bir yandan uluslararası güvenlik meselesi haline gelen küresel ısınmaya yönelik çalışmalar yürütmek isterken diğer taraftan ulusal çıkarları bağlamında paylaşımdan pay alma iradesi göstermektedirler. Bu kapsamda bölge giderek büyük aktörlerin politikalarının yoğunlaştığı bir odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Arktik ayrıca uluslararası alanın yükselen gücü olan Çin’in ise küresel açılımını sergilediği yerlerden biri olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bölgedeki alternatif ticaret yolu güzergâhı, enerji kaynakları, değerli madenler, bilimsel keşifler, turizm gibi potansiyeller Çin’in yöneliminin temel güdülerini oluşturmaktadır. 2018 yılında açıklanan “Beyaz Kitap” ile Çin Arktik politikasının resmi ana hatlarını çizmiş ve Yol ve Kuşak Projesinin bir ayağını oluşturacak olan Kutup İpek Yolu girişimini açıklamıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Arktik Bölgesinin kısa bir tanıtımına yer verilecek, ardından Ottava Deklarasyonu uyarınca 1996 yılında bölgedeki 8 devlet ve yerel halkların üyelerini oluşturduğu Arktik Konseyi’ne değinilecektir. Arkasından da Arktik’teki aktörlerin politikalarının genel hatları ele alınacak ve bir bölge dışı aktör olan Çin’in Arktik siyaseti, Kutup İpek Yolu projesi üzerinden incelenecektir.

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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Çıtak 0000-0002-8704-6495

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Acceptance Date June 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Vol: 15 - Issue: 10. Year Special Issue

Cite

APA Çıtak, E. (2020). Arktik Bölgesi Siyaseti: Ottava Deklarasyonu’ndan Bugüne Aktör Politikaları Ve Çin’in Kutup İpek Yolu Projesi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(1), 5438-5473. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.733484