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Genç Girişimciliği ve Sosyal Girişimcilik: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 28, 997 - 1027, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.679627

Abstract

Genç girişimciliği ilk kez bir girişim sürecinde yer alan veya yeni olarak bir işi başlatmış ve yaş olarak genç grubunda bulunan kişiler tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de genç girişimciliği son yıllarda stratejik önemi olan bir alan olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, birçok farklı konuda projeler geliştirerek sosyal dönüşümü sağlamayı ve sosyal değer üretmeyi amaçlayan sosyal girişimcilik çalışmaları da ülkeler için kalkınma ve toplumsal refahın yükselmesi için önemli bir etkendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı genç girişimciliğinin güncel durumu ve genç girişimciliği engellerinin tespit edilmesi ve son yıllarda çok sık gündeme gelen sosyal girişimcilik kavramı hakkında gençlerin algı ve bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla belirlenmiş araştırma sorularına dayalı olarak yazına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 18-35 yaş arası genç nüfus üzerinde yapılmış olup, örneklem olarak seçilmiş 600 öğrenciden yazından derlenerek oluşturulan anket kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma ile üniversite öğrencisi gençlerin girişimciliğe bakışı, girişimcilik hakkındaki fikirleri, girişimcilikten neden çekindikleri ve örnek aldıkları bir girişimci olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak bulgulara bakıldığında katılımcı gençlerin girişimcilik algılarını engelleyen çok sayıda unsur olduğu görülmüştür. Girişimciliğin sosyal ve toplumsal boyutu olan sosyal girişimcilik hakkında hiçbir bilgi ve fikirlerinin olmaması ise diğer bir araştırma konusu olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

References

  • Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476-494.
  • Akyurt, N. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi: sağlık örneği. Medical Sciences, 13 (2) , 43-57.
  • Arshed, N., Carter, S., Mason, C. (2014). The ineffectiveness of entrepreneurship policy: Is policy formulation to blame? Small Business Economics, 43(3), 639-659.
  • Astebro, T., Bazzazian, N., Ve Braguinsky, S. (2012). Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy. Research Policy, 41(4), 663-677.
  • Bergmann, H., Hundt, C., ve Sternberg, R. (2016). What makes student entrepreneurs? On the relevance (and irrelevance) of the university and the regional context for student start-ups. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 53-76.
  • Bosma, N. S., ve Levie, J. (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2009: Executive Report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College, Universidad del Desarollo, Ha´sko´linn Reykjavı ´k University and Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
  • Bruton, G. D., Ketchen, D. J., ve Ireland, R. D. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 683–689.
  • Buchert, L. (2014). Learning needs and life skills for youth: An introduction. International Review of Education, 60(2), 163–176.
  • Chigunta, F. (2002). Youth entrepreneurship: Meet¬ing the key policy challenges. Oxford, UK: Oxford University.
  • Choo, S. ve Wong, M. (2006). Entrepreneurial Intention: Triggers and Barriers to New Venture Creations in Singapore. Singapore Management Review, 28(2), 47-64.
  • Dash, M., ve Kaur, K. (2012). Youth entrepreneurship as a way of boosting Indian economic competitiveness: A study of Orissa. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(1),10–21.
  • Dees, J. G. (1998a). Enterprising nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, 76, 55–67.
  • Finnerty, J. F. ve Krzystofik, A. T. (1985). Barriers to Small Business Formation. Journal of Small Business Management, 23(3), 50-58.
  • Gregg, P. (2001). The impact of youth unemployment on adult unemployment in the NCDS. The Economic Journal, 111(475), F623–F653.
  • Hancıoğlu, Y., ve Tekin, E. (2018). Genç girişimci adaylarının girişimcilik eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Uygulamalı girişimcilik kampüsü üzerine bir araştırma. Cankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 213-246.
  • Hatala, J. P. (2005). Identifying barriers to self employment: The development and validation of the barriers to entrepreneurship success tool. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 18(4), 50-70.
  • Hayes, David Ve Richmond, William. (2017). Using an online assessment to examine entrepreneurship student traits and to measure and ımprove the ımpact of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 20 (1), 88-107.
  • İpçioğlu, I. ve Taşer, A. (2009). İşletme bölümlerinde verilen eğitimin girişimci adayı öğrenciler üzerindeki etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(10), 13-25.
  • Jain, R. ve Ali, S. W. (2013). Self-efficacy beliefs, marketing orientation and attitude orientation of Indian entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 71-95.
  • Kayalar, M. ve Ömürbek, N. (2007). Girişimci adaylarının risk almaya yatkınlık özelliğinin cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 185-200.
  • Kutanıs, Ö. R. (2006). Girişimci kadınlar. İstanbul: :Değişim Yayınları
  • Lepoutre, J., Van Den Berghe, W., Tilleuil O., ve Crijns, H. (2010). A new approach to testing the effects of entrepreneurship education among secondary school pupils. Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series 2010/01.
  • Lepoutre, J., Justo, Terjesen, S. ve Bosma, N, (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study, Small Business Economics, 40, 693-714
  • Mair, J., ve Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36–44.
  • Med, T., ve Lukyamuzi, A. (2019). Addressing pedagogical usability and mobility barriers in e-learning systems: A case of youth entrepreneurship skill development, plan ınternational Uganda. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research. 5(3), 56-70
  • Moberg, K.. (2012). The ımpact of entrepreneurship education and project-based education on students’ personal development and entrepreneurial ıntentions at the lower levels of the educational system: Too much of two good things?. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.2147622.
  • Mosey, S., Noke, H. ve Bınks, M. (2012). The influence of human and social capital upon the entrepreneurial intentions and destinations of academics, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(9), 893-910
  • Nasser, M. E., Du Preez, J., ve Herrmann, K. (2003). Flight of the young flamingoes: alternative futures for young entrepreneurs in South Africa. Futures, 35(4), 393-401.
  • OECD. (2018). Off to a good start, jobs for youth. Paris, France: OECD.
  • Osterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., ve Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454.
  • Örücü, E., Kılıç, R. ve Yılmaz, Ö. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinde ailesel faktörlerin etkisi üzerine bir uygulama. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 2(2), 27-47.
  • Pihie, Z. A. L. ve Akmaliah, Z. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of university students. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
  • Potter, J. (Ed.). (2008). Entrepreneurship and higher education. Paris, France: OECD.
  • Salık, N. ve Kaygın, E. (2016). Demografik değişkenler açısından üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi: Kafkas Üniversitesi öÖrneği. KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 145-162.
  • Seelos, C., ve Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor. Business Horizons, 48(3), 241–246
  • Short, J. C., Moss, T. W., ve Lumpkin, G. T. (2009). Research in social entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(2), 161–194.
  • Smıth, B. R., ve Stevens, C. E. (2010). Different types of social entrepreneurship: The role of geography andembeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(6), 575–598
  • Solmaz, S. A., Aksoy, Ö., Şengül, S. ve Sarıışık, M. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Turizm lisans ve ön lisans öğrencileri üzerine bir alan araştırması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(26), 41-55.
  • Trexler, J. (2008). Social entrepreneurship as an algorithm: Is social enterprise sustainable? Emergence: Complexity and Organization, 3(10), 65–85.
  • Thompson, E.R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an ınternationally raliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694.
  • Yetim, N., (2014). Sosyal Sermaye Olarak Kadın Girişimciler: Mersin Örneği, Ege Üniversitesi Ege Akademik Bakış,
  • Wrıght, M., Siegel, D. S., ve Mustar, P. (2017). An emerging ecosystem for student start-ups. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(4), 909–922
  • Yılmaz, B.S. ve Günel, Ö.D. (2011). Üniversite eğitimi ve girişimcilik: Bireyleri girişimciliğe yönlendiren etkenler üzerine bir araştırma. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 26, 1-20.
  • Yüksel, H., Cevher, E. ve Yüksel, M. (2015). Öğrencilerin girişimci kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 143-156.
  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., ve Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519-532.

Youth Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurs-hip: A Research on University Student

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 28, 997 - 1027, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.679627

Abstract

People who are in the entrepreneurial process, who have started a business for the first time, and who are in the young group as an age group carry out youth entrepreneurship. In recent years, as in the whole world, young entrepreneurship in Turkey has been considered a strategic area recently. However, social entrepreneurship works, which aim to achieve social transformation and generate social value by developing projects on many different subjects, are also progressing as an important factor for the development and promotion of social welfare for countries. This study aims to identify the status of young entrepreneurship and factors hindering young entrepreneurship and to measure the perception and knowledge levels of young people about the concept of social entrepreneurship that has been on the agenda very often in recent years. For this purpose, it is aimed to contribute to the literature based on the research questions determined. The research was conducted on a young population between the ages of 18-35 who were studying at a State University and the data was collected from 600 students selected as samples using a survey compiled from both domestic and foreign literature. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that university students' view of entrepreneurship, their ideas about entrepreneurship, why they are afraid of entrepreneurship and whether they take an example. Considering the findings in general, it is seen that there are many factors that hinder young people's perception of entrepreneurship. The fact that there is no information and ideas about social entrepreneurship, which is the social and social dimension of entrepreneurship, is considered to be another research topic.

References

  • Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476-494.
  • Akyurt, N. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi: sağlık örneği. Medical Sciences, 13 (2) , 43-57.
  • Arshed, N., Carter, S., Mason, C. (2014). The ineffectiveness of entrepreneurship policy: Is policy formulation to blame? Small Business Economics, 43(3), 639-659.
  • Astebro, T., Bazzazian, N., Ve Braguinsky, S. (2012). Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy. Research Policy, 41(4), 663-677.
  • Bergmann, H., Hundt, C., ve Sternberg, R. (2016). What makes student entrepreneurs? On the relevance (and irrelevance) of the university and the regional context for student start-ups. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 53-76.
  • Bosma, N. S., ve Levie, J. (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2009: Executive Report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College, Universidad del Desarollo, Ha´sko´linn Reykjavı ´k University and Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
  • Bruton, G. D., Ketchen, D. J., ve Ireland, R. D. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 683–689.
  • Buchert, L. (2014). Learning needs and life skills for youth: An introduction. International Review of Education, 60(2), 163–176.
  • Chigunta, F. (2002). Youth entrepreneurship: Meet¬ing the key policy challenges. Oxford, UK: Oxford University.
  • Choo, S. ve Wong, M. (2006). Entrepreneurial Intention: Triggers and Barriers to New Venture Creations in Singapore. Singapore Management Review, 28(2), 47-64.
  • Dash, M., ve Kaur, K. (2012). Youth entrepreneurship as a way of boosting Indian economic competitiveness: A study of Orissa. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(1),10–21.
  • Dees, J. G. (1998a). Enterprising nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, 76, 55–67.
  • Finnerty, J. F. ve Krzystofik, A. T. (1985). Barriers to Small Business Formation. Journal of Small Business Management, 23(3), 50-58.
  • Gregg, P. (2001). The impact of youth unemployment on adult unemployment in the NCDS. The Economic Journal, 111(475), F623–F653.
  • Hancıoğlu, Y., ve Tekin, E. (2018). Genç girişimci adaylarının girişimcilik eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Uygulamalı girişimcilik kampüsü üzerine bir araştırma. Cankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 213-246.
  • Hatala, J. P. (2005). Identifying barriers to self employment: The development and validation of the barriers to entrepreneurship success tool. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 18(4), 50-70.
  • Hayes, David Ve Richmond, William. (2017). Using an online assessment to examine entrepreneurship student traits and to measure and ımprove the ımpact of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 20 (1), 88-107.
  • İpçioğlu, I. ve Taşer, A. (2009). İşletme bölümlerinde verilen eğitimin girişimci adayı öğrenciler üzerindeki etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(10), 13-25.
  • Jain, R. ve Ali, S. W. (2013). Self-efficacy beliefs, marketing orientation and attitude orientation of Indian entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 71-95.
  • Kayalar, M. ve Ömürbek, N. (2007). Girişimci adaylarının risk almaya yatkınlık özelliğinin cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 185-200.
  • Kutanıs, Ö. R. (2006). Girişimci kadınlar. İstanbul: :Değişim Yayınları
  • Lepoutre, J., Van Den Berghe, W., Tilleuil O., ve Crijns, H. (2010). A new approach to testing the effects of entrepreneurship education among secondary school pupils. Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series 2010/01.
  • Lepoutre, J., Justo, Terjesen, S. ve Bosma, N, (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study, Small Business Economics, 40, 693-714
  • Mair, J., ve Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36–44.
  • Med, T., ve Lukyamuzi, A. (2019). Addressing pedagogical usability and mobility barriers in e-learning systems: A case of youth entrepreneurship skill development, plan ınternational Uganda. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research. 5(3), 56-70
  • Moberg, K.. (2012). The ımpact of entrepreneurship education and project-based education on students’ personal development and entrepreneurial ıntentions at the lower levels of the educational system: Too much of two good things?. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.2147622.
  • Mosey, S., Noke, H. ve Bınks, M. (2012). The influence of human and social capital upon the entrepreneurial intentions and destinations of academics, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(9), 893-910
  • Nasser, M. E., Du Preez, J., ve Herrmann, K. (2003). Flight of the young flamingoes: alternative futures for young entrepreneurs in South Africa. Futures, 35(4), 393-401.
  • OECD. (2018). Off to a good start, jobs for youth. Paris, France: OECD.
  • Osterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., ve Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454.
  • Örücü, E., Kılıç, R. ve Yılmaz, Ö. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinde ailesel faktörlerin etkisi üzerine bir uygulama. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 2(2), 27-47.
  • Pihie, Z. A. L. ve Akmaliah, Z. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of university students. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
  • Potter, J. (Ed.). (2008). Entrepreneurship and higher education. Paris, France: OECD.
  • Salık, N. ve Kaygın, E. (2016). Demografik değişkenler açısından üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi: Kafkas Üniversitesi öÖrneği. KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 145-162.
  • Seelos, C., ve Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor. Business Horizons, 48(3), 241–246
  • Short, J. C., Moss, T. W., ve Lumpkin, G. T. (2009). Research in social entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(2), 161–194.
  • Smıth, B. R., ve Stevens, C. E. (2010). Different types of social entrepreneurship: The role of geography andembeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(6), 575–598
  • Solmaz, S. A., Aksoy, Ö., Şengül, S. ve Sarıışık, M. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Turizm lisans ve ön lisans öğrencileri üzerine bir alan araştırması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(26), 41-55.
  • Trexler, J. (2008). Social entrepreneurship as an algorithm: Is social enterprise sustainable? Emergence: Complexity and Organization, 3(10), 65–85.
  • Thompson, E.R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an ınternationally raliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694.
  • Yetim, N., (2014). Sosyal Sermaye Olarak Kadın Girişimciler: Mersin Örneği, Ege Üniversitesi Ege Akademik Bakış,
  • Wrıght, M., Siegel, D. S., ve Mustar, P. (2017). An emerging ecosystem for student start-ups. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(4), 909–922
  • Yılmaz, B.S. ve Günel, Ö.D. (2011). Üniversite eğitimi ve girişimcilik: Bireyleri girişimciliğe yönlendiren etkenler üzerine bir araştırma. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 26, 1-20.
  • Yüksel, H., Cevher, E. ve Yüksel, M. (2015). Öğrencilerin girişimci kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 143-156.
  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., ve Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519-532.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hale Alan 0000-0002-2444-1551

Publication Date August 31, 2020
Acceptance Date July 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 16 Issue: 28

Cite

APA Alan, H. (2020). Genç Girişimciliği ve Sosyal Girişimcilik: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(28), 997-1027. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.679627