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Kişisel Markalaşma Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 39, 895 - 928, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.846679

Abstract

Günümüzde meydana gelen teknolojik ve toplumsal gelişmelerle birlikte, son yıllarda markaların ürünlerden, şehirlere ve üniversitelere kadar toplumun her alanında kendini göstermesi, marka kavramının hem akademik hem de işletme dünyasında önemli bir araç olarak değerlendirilmesini sağlamıştır. Her ne kadar kişisel markalaşma uzun yıllardır girişimciler, politikacılar, genel müdürler ya da işletmeler için genel bir fenomen olsa da, son on yılda, özellikle sosyal medyanın kişilerin günlük yaşamında aktif rol almasıyla birlikte, toplum içerisindeki hemen hemen her yaş, eğitim, cinsiyet grubundaki insanlar için etkili bir iletişim kurma, farkındalık ve bilinirlilik yaratma aracı haline gelmiştir. Literatür taraması olarak tasarlanan bu araştırmada, kişisel markalaşma kavramında geçmişten günümüze meydana gelen değişikliklerin ortaya konması, kişisel markaları oluşturan faktörler ve kişisel markaların hem geleneksel mecrada hem de online mecrada nasıl yaratıla-bileceği konularının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Son olarak, son 10 yılda kişisel markalaşma literatüründe var olan kişisel markalaşma çalışmaları incelenmiş, kavramla ilgili ele alınmamış konular belirlenmiş ve gelecek çalışmalar için araştırma başlıkları önerilmiştir.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing the value of a brand name. New York: The Free Press. Aaker, J. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–56. doi: 10.2307/3151897.
  • Amoako, G. K. ve Okpattah, B. K. (2018). Unleashing salesforce performance: The impacts of personal branding and technology in an emerging market. Technology in Society, 54,20-16. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.01.013
  • Arruda, W. (2005). An introduction to personal branding: A revolution in the way we manage our careers, 10 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://docplayer.net/20769045-An-introduction-to-personal-branding-a-revolution-in-the-way-we-manage-our-careers.html adresinden alındı.
  • Arruda, W. ve Dixson. K. (2007). Career distinction, stand out by building your brand. Hoboken: Wiley
  • Baltezarević, R., ve Milovanovic, S. (2014). Personal branding, proceedings: management, marketing and communication: Current and future trends. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, Belgrad
  • Barwise, P. ve Meehan, S. (2010). The one thing you must get right when building a brand. Harvard Business Review, 88(1/2), 80-84
  • Brems, C., Temmerman, M., Graham, T. ve Broersma, M. (2017). Personal branding on Twitter. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 443-459. doi:10.1080/21670811.2016.1176534
  • Chen, C. (2013). Exploring personal branding on YouTube, Journal of Internet Commerce, 12(4), 332-347, doi: 10.1080/15332861.2013.859041
  • de Chernatony, L. ve McDonald, M. (2003). Creating powerful brands: in consumer, service and industrial markets, 3rd ed, Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann
  • Dumont, G. ve Ots M. (2020). Social dynamics and stakeholder relationships in personal branding. Journal of Business Research, 106, 118-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.013
  • Farhana, M. (2012). Brand elements lead to brand equity: Differentiate or die. Information Management and Business Review, 4(4), 223-233. doi: 10.22610/imbr.v4i4.983
  • Fournier, S. ve Avery, J. (2011). The uninvited brand. Business Horizons, 54, 193 – 207. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.001
  • Gioia, D. A., Hamilton, A. L. ve Patvardhan, S. D. (2014). Image is everything. Res. Organ. Behav. 34, 129–154. doi: 10.1016/j.riob.2014.01.001
  • Gorbatow, S., Khapova, S. N. ve Lysova, E. I. (2019). Get noticed to get ahead: the impact of personal branding on career success. Front. Psychol.10,1-13 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02662
  • Harris, L., ve Rae, A. (2011). Building a personal brand through social networking. Journal of Business Strategy, 32(5), 14–21. doi:10.1108/02756661111165435.
  • Holt, D. (2016). Branding in the age of social media. Harvard Business Review, 40-50 https://hbr.org/2016/03/branding-in-the -age-of-social-media.
  • Hood, K. M., Robles, M., ve Hopkins, C. D. (2015). Personal branding and social media for students in today’s competitive job market. The Journal of Research in Business Education, 56, (2), 33-47. https://search.proquest.com/openview/2ad094d25e395f75e82fb913c34d00c4/1?pq-origsite=gscholarvecbl=34490
  • Johnson, C. (2019). Platform: The art ve science of personal branding. New York: Lorena Jones Books. Kang, K. (2013). Branding pays. Palo Alto: Branding Pays Media.
  • Kapferer, J.N. (2004). The new strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term. London: Kogan Page.
  • Karaduman, İ. (2013). The effect of social media on personal branding efforts of top level executives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 465–473. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.515
  • Keller, K.L., ve Richey, K. (2006). The importance of corporate brand personality traits to a successful 21st century business. Journal of Brand Management, 14(1-2), 74–81. doi:10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550055.
  • Khedher, M. (2014). Personal branding phenomenon. Business and Management,6(2),29–40.http://ijibm.site666.com/IJIBM_Vol6No2_May2014.pdf#page=34
  • Khedher, M. (2015). A brand for everyone: Guidelines for personal brand managing. The Journal of Global Business Issues, 9(1), 19 – 27. doi: 10.1057/s41262-018-0117-1
  • Khedher, M. (2019). Conceptualizing and researching personal branding effects on the employability, J Brand Manag, 26,99-109.
  • Kotler, P., ve Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of marketing, 14th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Kucharska, W. (2017). Consumer social network brand identification and personal branding. How do social network users choose among brand sites?. Cogent Business ve Management, 4(1). doi:10.1080/23311975.2017.1315879
  • Labrecque, L.I. Markos, E. ve Milne, G. R. (2011). Online personal branding: processes. challenges, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25(1), 37–50. doi: 10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002
  • Lair, D. J., Sullivan, K. ve Cheney, G. (2005). Marketization and the recasting of the professional self: The rhetoric and ethics of personal branding. Management Communication Quarterly, 18(3), 307–343. doi:10.1177=0893318904270774
  • Lampel, J., ve Bhalla, A. (2007). The role of status seeking in online communities: Giving the gift of experience. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12, 434–455. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00332.x
  • Leland, K. T. (2016). The Brand mapping strategy: Design, build, and accelerate your brand. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press.
  • Lindahl, G. ve Öhlund, M. (2013). Personal branding through imagification in social media. Master Thesis of Science in Business and Economics, Stocholm University.
  • Liu, R., ve Suh, A. (2017). Self-branding on social media: An analysis of style bloggers on Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.124.
  • Machaz, H., ve Shokoofh, K. (2016). Personal branding: An essential choice. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(2), 65-70. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0vesid=553eaf2b-e350-463a-8ed8-7de15ea49635%40sdc-v-sessmgr01
  • McNally, D. ve Speak, K.D. (2003). Be your own brand. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco.
  • Montoya, P. ve Vandehey, T. (2005). The brand called you. Personal Branding Press, Tustin.
  • Nolan, L. (2015). The impact of executive personal branding on non-profit perception and communications, Public Relations Review, 41, 288-292. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.11.001
  • Olins, W. (2009). Manual de branding [Branding manual]. Bucharest: Vellant.
  • Ollington, N., Gibb, J. ve Harcourt, M. (2013). Online social networks: An emergent recruiter tool for attracting and screening, Personal Review, 42,(3), 248-265. doi: 10.1108/00483481311320390
  • Orehek, E. ve Human, J. L. (2017). Self-expression on social media: Do tweets present accurate and positice portraits of impulsivity, self-esteem, and attachment style, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(1), 60-70. doi: 10.1177/0146167216675332
  • Parmentier, M.A., ve Fischer, E. (2012). How athletes build their brand. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 11(1/2): 106–124. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2012.045491
  • Peters, T. (1997). The brand called You. Fast Company, New York.
  • Philbrick, J. L. ve Cleveland, A. D. (2015). Personal branding: Building your pathway to professional success, Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 34(2), 181-189. doi:10.1080/02763869.2015.1019324
  • Rampersad, H.K. (2006). The personal balanced scorecard: The way to individual happiness, personal integrity and organizational effectiveness, Information Age Publishing, Conneticut.
  • Rampersad, H.K. (2008). Authentic personal branding. www.brandchannel.com, New York.
  • Rangarajan, D. ve Gelb, B. D. ve Vandaveer, A. (2017). Strategic personal branding-and how it pas off. Business Horizons, 60, 657-666. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2017.05.009
  • Rein, I., Kotler, P., Hamlin. M. ve Stoller, M. (2006). High visibility: Transforming your personal and professional brand. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Roberts, L.M. (2005). Changing faces: Professional image construction in diverse organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 30, 685–711. doi: 10.5465/amr.2005.18378873
  • Shepherd, I. D. H. (2005). From cattle and coke to charlie: Meeting the challenge of self marketing and personal branding. Journal of Marketing Management, 21, 589–606. doi: 0.1362/0267257054307381
  • Shuker, L. (2010). It’ll look good on your personal statement: A multi-case study of self-marketing amongst 16–19 year olds applying to university. University of Cambridge, UK: Homerton College
  • Tarnovskaya, V. (2017). Reinventing personal branding building a personal brand through content on YouTube. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 3(1), 29-35. doi: /10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.31.3005
  • Vallas, S. P. ve Christin, A. (2018). Work and identity in an era of precarious employment: How workers respond to “Personal Branding” discourse. Work. Occup. 45, 3–37. doi: 10.1177/0730888417735662
  • Vitberg, A. (2010). Developing your personal brand equity. Journal of Accountancy, 24(1),42–45. https://search.proquest.com/openview/1b5b159a01a2a89b0483ca3001ddb4c6/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholarvecbl=41065
  • Vitberg, A. K. (2009). Analog vs. digital personal branding—a new twist on personal marketing plans. CPA Practice Management Forum, 5, 10–13.
  • Vitelar, A. (2019). Like me: Generation z and the use of social media for personal branding. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7, 1723-1760. doi:10.25019/mdke/7.2.07
  • Walker, M. (2015). Personal branding: A Perspective from the professional athlete-level-of-analysis. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 16,(1/2), 112-131. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2015.074920
  • Wilson J.S., ve Blumenthal, I. (2008). Managing brand you: Seven steps to creating your most successful self. New York: AMACOM.
  • Wee, L. ve Brooks, A. (2010). Personal branding and the commodification of reflexivity. Cultural Sociology, 4(1), 45-62. doi: 10.1177/17499755

A Literature Review on Personal Branding

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 39, 895 - 928, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.846679

Abstract

Along with the technological and social developments that have taken place today, the emergence of brands in all areas of society from products to cities ad universities in recent years has made the concept of branding an important tool both in the academic and business world. Although personal branding has been a common phenomenon for entrepreneurs, politicians, general managers, or businesses for many years, in the last decade, especially with social media taking an active role in people’s daily life, it has become an effective communication tool for creating awareness and familiarity for people of almost in every age, education, gender group in society. In this study, designed as a literatüre review, it is aimed to reveal the changes in the concept of personal branding from part to present, the factors that make up a personal brand, and how to create personal brands in traditional and online channels. Finally, within the framework of personal branding studies existing in the literature in last 10 years, the topics that have not been addressed regarding the concept were determined and research titles were proposed for future studies.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing the value of a brand name. New York: The Free Press. Aaker, J. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–56. doi: 10.2307/3151897.
  • Amoako, G. K. ve Okpattah, B. K. (2018). Unleashing salesforce performance: The impacts of personal branding and technology in an emerging market. Technology in Society, 54,20-16. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.01.013
  • Arruda, W. (2005). An introduction to personal branding: A revolution in the way we manage our careers, 10 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://docplayer.net/20769045-An-introduction-to-personal-branding-a-revolution-in-the-way-we-manage-our-careers.html adresinden alındı.
  • Arruda, W. ve Dixson. K. (2007). Career distinction, stand out by building your brand. Hoboken: Wiley
  • Baltezarević, R., ve Milovanovic, S. (2014). Personal branding, proceedings: management, marketing and communication: Current and future trends. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, Belgrad
  • Barwise, P. ve Meehan, S. (2010). The one thing you must get right when building a brand. Harvard Business Review, 88(1/2), 80-84
  • Brems, C., Temmerman, M., Graham, T. ve Broersma, M. (2017). Personal branding on Twitter. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 443-459. doi:10.1080/21670811.2016.1176534
  • Chen, C. (2013). Exploring personal branding on YouTube, Journal of Internet Commerce, 12(4), 332-347, doi: 10.1080/15332861.2013.859041
  • de Chernatony, L. ve McDonald, M. (2003). Creating powerful brands: in consumer, service and industrial markets, 3rd ed, Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann
  • Dumont, G. ve Ots M. (2020). Social dynamics and stakeholder relationships in personal branding. Journal of Business Research, 106, 118-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.013
  • Farhana, M. (2012). Brand elements lead to brand equity: Differentiate or die. Information Management and Business Review, 4(4), 223-233. doi: 10.22610/imbr.v4i4.983
  • Fournier, S. ve Avery, J. (2011). The uninvited brand. Business Horizons, 54, 193 – 207. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.001
  • Gioia, D. A., Hamilton, A. L. ve Patvardhan, S. D. (2014). Image is everything. Res. Organ. Behav. 34, 129–154. doi: 10.1016/j.riob.2014.01.001
  • Gorbatow, S., Khapova, S. N. ve Lysova, E. I. (2019). Get noticed to get ahead: the impact of personal branding on career success. Front. Psychol.10,1-13 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02662
  • Harris, L., ve Rae, A. (2011). Building a personal brand through social networking. Journal of Business Strategy, 32(5), 14–21. doi:10.1108/02756661111165435.
  • Holt, D. (2016). Branding in the age of social media. Harvard Business Review, 40-50 https://hbr.org/2016/03/branding-in-the -age-of-social-media.
  • Hood, K. M., Robles, M., ve Hopkins, C. D. (2015). Personal branding and social media for students in today’s competitive job market. The Journal of Research in Business Education, 56, (2), 33-47. https://search.proquest.com/openview/2ad094d25e395f75e82fb913c34d00c4/1?pq-origsite=gscholarvecbl=34490
  • Johnson, C. (2019). Platform: The art ve science of personal branding. New York: Lorena Jones Books. Kang, K. (2013). Branding pays. Palo Alto: Branding Pays Media.
  • Kapferer, J.N. (2004). The new strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term. London: Kogan Page.
  • Karaduman, İ. (2013). The effect of social media on personal branding efforts of top level executives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 465–473. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.515
  • Keller, K.L., ve Richey, K. (2006). The importance of corporate brand personality traits to a successful 21st century business. Journal of Brand Management, 14(1-2), 74–81. doi:10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550055.
  • Khedher, M. (2014). Personal branding phenomenon. Business and Management,6(2),29–40.http://ijibm.site666.com/IJIBM_Vol6No2_May2014.pdf#page=34
  • Khedher, M. (2015). A brand for everyone: Guidelines for personal brand managing. The Journal of Global Business Issues, 9(1), 19 – 27. doi: 10.1057/s41262-018-0117-1
  • Khedher, M. (2019). Conceptualizing and researching personal branding effects on the employability, J Brand Manag, 26,99-109.
  • Kotler, P., ve Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of marketing, 14th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Kucharska, W. (2017). Consumer social network brand identification and personal branding. How do social network users choose among brand sites?. Cogent Business ve Management, 4(1). doi:10.1080/23311975.2017.1315879
  • Labrecque, L.I. Markos, E. ve Milne, G. R. (2011). Online personal branding: processes. challenges, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25(1), 37–50. doi: 10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002
  • Lair, D. J., Sullivan, K. ve Cheney, G. (2005). Marketization and the recasting of the professional self: The rhetoric and ethics of personal branding. Management Communication Quarterly, 18(3), 307–343. doi:10.1177=0893318904270774
  • Lampel, J., ve Bhalla, A. (2007). The role of status seeking in online communities: Giving the gift of experience. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12, 434–455. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00332.x
  • Leland, K. T. (2016). The Brand mapping strategy: Design, build, and accelerate your brand. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press.
  • Lindahl, G. ve Öhlund, M. (2013). Personal branding through imagification in social media. Master Thesis of Science in Business and Economics, Stocholm University.
  • Liu, R., ve Suh, A. (2017). Self-branding on social media: An analysis of style bloggers on Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.124.
  • Machaz, H., ve Shokoofh, K. (2016). Personal branding: An essential choice. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(2), 65-70. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0vesid=553eaf2b-e350-463a-8ed8-7de15ea49635%40sdc-v-sessmgr01
  • McNally, D. ve Speak, K.D. (2003). Be your own brand. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco.
  • Montoya, P. ve Vandehey, T. (2005). The brand called you. Personal Branding Press, Tustin.
  • Nolan, L. (2015). The impact of executive personal branding on non-profit perception and communications, Public Relations Review, 41, 288-292. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.11.001
  • Olins, W. (2009). Manual de branding [Branding manual]. Bucharest: Vellant.
  • Ollington, N., Gibb, J. ve Harcourt, M. (2013). Online social networks: An emergent recruiter tool for attracting and screening, Personal Review, 42,(3), 248-265. doi: 10.1108/00483481311320390
  • Orehek, E. ve Human, J. L. (2017). Self-expression on social media: Do tweets present accurate and positice portraits of impulsivity, self-esteem, and attachment style, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(1), 60-70. doi: 10.1177/0146167216675332
  • Parmentier, M.A., ve Fischer, E. (2012). How athletes build their brand. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 11(1/2): 106–124. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2012.045491
  • Peters, T. (1997). The brand called You. Fast Company, New York.
  • Philbrick, J. L. ve Cleveland, A. D. (2015). Personal branding: Building your pathway to professional success, Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 34(2), 181-189. doi:10.1080/02763869.2015.1019324
  • Rampersad, H.K. (2006). The personal balanced scorecard: The way to individual happiness, personal integrity and organizational effectiveness, Information Age Publishing, Conneticut.
  • Rampersad, H.K. (2008). Authentic personal branding. www.brandchannel.com, New York.
  • Rangarajan, D. ve Gelb, B. D. ve Vandaveer, A. (2017). Strategic personal branding-and how it pas off. Business Horizons, 60, 657-666. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2017.05.009
  • Rein, I., Kotler, P., Hamlin. M. ve Stoller, M. (2006). High visibility: Transforming your personal and professional brand. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Roberts, L.M. (2005). Changing faces: Professional image construction in diverse organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 30, 685–711. doi: 10.5465/amr.2005.18378873
  • Shepherd, I. D. H. (2005). From cattle and coke to charlie: Meeting the challenge of self marketing and personal branding. Journal of Marketing Management, 21, 589–606. doi: 0.1362/0267257054307381
  • Shuker, L. (2010). It’ll look good on your personal statement: A multi-case study of self-marketing amongst 16–19 year olds applying to university. University of Cambridge, UK: Homerton College
  • Tarnovskaya, V. (2017). Reinventing personal branding building a personal brand through content on YouTube. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 3(1), 29-35. doi: /10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.31.3005
  • Vallas, S. P. ve Christin, A. (2018). Work and identity in an era of precarious employment: How workers respond to “Personal Branding” discourse. Work. Occup. 45, 3–37. doi: 10.1177/0730888417735662
  • Vitberg, A. (2010). Developing your personal brand equity. Journal of Accountancy, 24(1),42–45. https://search.proquest.com/openview/1b5b159a01a2a89b0483ca3001ddb4c6/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholarvecbl=41065
  • Vitberg, A. K. (2009). Analog vs. digital personal branding—a new twist on personal marketing plans. CPA Practice Management Forum, 5, 10–13.
  • Vitelar, A. (2019). Like me: Generation z and the use of social media for personal branding. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7, 1723-1760. doi:10.25019/mdke/7.2.07
  • Walker, M. (2015). Personal branding: A Perspective from the professional athlete-level-of-analysis. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 16,(1/2), 112-131. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2015.074920
  • Wilson J.S., ve Blumenthal, I. (2008). Managing brand you: Seven steps to creating your most successful self. New York: AMACOM.
  • Wee, L. ve Brooks, A. (2010). Personal branding and the commodification of reflexivity. Cultural Sociology, 4(1), 45-62. doi: 10.1177/17499755
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melis Kaytaz Yiğit 0000-0001-7036-166X

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Acceptance Date May 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Kaytaz Yiğit, M. (2021). Kişisel Markalaşma Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(39), 895-928. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.846679

Cited By

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https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1014240