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Assertivenes, Attention and the Relationship between Swimming Training and Them

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 41, 3066 - 3081, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.880225

Abstract

This research was conducted to reveal the relationship between swimming and some psychological parameters. The research goal is to define the effect of week-8 swimming training program on the assertiveness and attention levels of high school students aged 15-18 in Sakarya city in Turkey.For investigating the relationship, students (100) aged 15-18 voluntarily participated in the study. All partici-pants divided into two groups as control and experiment. In the process of this research, as data collection tools, Rathus Assertiveness Inventory and Burdon Attention Scale were used to determine scores of the assertiveness and attention levels as pre and post tests. The data obtained in the study, which was conducted with an experimental and sequential design method, were analyzed in the SPSS pro-gram and the level of significance was taken as 0.05. In order to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental and control groups, the Mann Whitney U-test was used in independent groups and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test in dependent groups. In the assertiveness inventory re-sults, a statistically significant difference was found between the assertiveness pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group and the post-test results of the control group. In the attention level results, a statistically significant difference was found between the attention level pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group and the post-test results of the control group. Research results showed that swimming training program designed 8-week positively affects high school students' assertiveness and attention levels.

References

  • Alberti, R. and Emmons, M. (2001). Your perfect right: Assertiveness and equality in your life and relationships. Atascadero, CA: Impact Publishers, Inc.
  • Bidzan-Bluma, I. andLipowska, M. (2018). Physical activity and cognitive functioning of children: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 800.
  • Brickenkamp R, Bleck I, Dzida W, Heinrich P, Hellwig HJ, Krüger Naumann R, Rothe R, Speck D, Speck R, andThiede L. (1975). Handbuchpsychologischerundpaedagogischertests. Göttingen: Verlag fürPsychologie.
  • Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietrayk-Kendziorra, S., Ribeiro, P. andTidow, G. (2008). Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neuroscience Letter. 441, 219–223.
  • Elekes, F. andKirály, I. (2021). Attention in naïve psychology. Cognition,206, 104-480.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104480.
  • Eslami, A. A., Rabiei, L., Afzali, S. M., Hamidizadeh, S. and Masoudi, R. (2016). The effectiveness of assertiveness training on the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression of high school students. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(1), doi: 10.5812/ircmj.21096.
  • Herzberger, S. D., Chan, E. and Katz, J., 1984. The development of an assertiveness selfreport inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment,48(3), 317-323.
  • Hüttermann, S., Ford, P.R., Williams, A.M., Varga, M., and Smeeton, N.J. (2019). Attention, perception, and action in a simulated decision-making task.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41(4), 230-241. 10.1123/jsep.2018-0177.
  • Kadri, A., Slimani, M., Bragazzi, Tod, D. andAzaiez, F. (2019). The effect of taekwondo practice on cognitive function in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 204.
  • Lambertz, M.M, and Blight, M.G. (2016). You don’t have to like me, but you have to respect me: the İmpacts of assertiveness, cooperativeness, and group satisfaction in collaborative assignments. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly,79(2), 180-199.
  • Lin, Y. R., Shiah, I. S., Chang, Y. C., Lai, T. J., Wang, K. Y. and Chou, K. R., (2004). Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students' assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurse Education Today,24(8), 656-65. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2004.09.004.
  • MehrabiZade, M. H., Taghavi, S. F., Attari, Y. A. (2009). Effect of group assertive training on social anxiety, social skills and academic performance of female students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences,1, 59-64.
  • Memmert, D. and Simons, D.J. (2009). Psychology of sport and exercise, 10(1):146-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.06.002.
  • McCartan, K., andHargie, O. D. (2004). Assertiveness and caring: Are they compatible? Journal Clinical Nurse, 13, 707-13.
  • Mohebi, S., Sharifirad, G. H. R., Shahsiah, M., Botlani, S., Matlabi, M. andRezaeian, M. (2012). The effect of assertiveness training on student's academic anxiety. Journal Pakistan Medical Association, 62(3-2), 37-41.
  • Posner, M.I.(1980).Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231.
  • Qiu F, Pi Y, Liu K, Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y. (2018). Influence of sports expertise level on attention in multiple object tracking. Peer Journal, 6, 5732 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5732.
  • Sanders R.L. (2007). Assertive Communication Skills With Nurses in a Rural Setting. Master' Thesis. The University of Wyoming. M. S. Whitney School of Nursing. Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 30-42.
  • Sert, A.Ş. (2003). The effect of an assertiveness training on the assertiveness and self esteem level of 5th grade children. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sert, A. (2010). İlköğretimde Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuduğunu Anlama Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Segal, J., Smith, M., Segal, R., and Robinson, L. (2019). Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes. (online) Available at https:// www.helpguide.org /articles/stress/stress-symptoms-signs-and-causes.htm.
  • Yiğiter, K. (2013). Improving the nursing students' assertiveness skills by participating in recreational physical activities. International Journal of Sport Studies, 3(3), 258-262.
  • Yong, F. (2010). A Study on the assertiveness and academic procrastination of english and communication students at a private university. American Journal of Scientific Research, 9, 62-72.

Atılganlık, Dikkat ve Yüzme Eğitimi ile Aralarındaki İlişki

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 41, 3066 - 3081, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.880225

Abstract

Bu araştırma yüzme sporu ile bazı psikolojik değişkenlerin arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak için yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin Sakarya ilindeki 15-18 yaş arası lise öğrencilerinin atılganlık ve dikkat düzeyleri üzerinde 8 hafta yüzme eğitim programının etkisini belirlemektir. İlişkiyi incelemek için 15-18 yaş arasında 100 öğrenci gönüllü olarak araştırmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılar deney ve control grubu olmak üzere ikiye bölünmüştür. Araştırma sürecinde, veri toplama aracı olarak Rathus Atılganlık envanteri ve Burdan Dikkat ölçeği ön-son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması için Mann Whitney U test ve Wilcoxon testleri kullanılmıştır. Atılganlık envanterinin verileri deney grubu ön-son test sonuçlarında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Benzer şekilde, dikkat testi verileri deney grubu ön-son test sonuçlarında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, 8 haftalık planlanmış yüzme eğitimi programının atılganlık ve dikkat düzeyleri üstünde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • Alberti, R. and Emmons, M. (2001). Your perfect right: Assertiveness and equality in your life and relationships. Atascadero, CA: Impact Publishers, Inc.
  • Bidzan-Bluma, I. andLipowska, M. (2018). Physical activity and cognitive functioning of children: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 800.
  • Brickenkamp R, Bleck I, Dzida W, Heinrich P, Hellwig HJ, Krüger Naumann R, Rothe R, Speck D, Speck R, andThiede L. (1975). Handbuchpsychologischerundpaedagogischertests. Göttingen: Verlag fürPsychologie.
  • Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietrayk-Kendziorra, S., Ribeiro, P. andTidow, G. (2008). Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neuroscience Letter. 441, 219–223.
  • Elekes, F. andKirály, I. (2021). Attention in naïve psychology. Cognition,206, 104-480.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104480.
  • Eslami, A. A., Rabiei, L., Afzali, S. M., Hamidizadeh, S. and Masoudi, R. (2016). The effectiveness of assertiveness training on the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression of high school students. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(1), doi: 10.5812/ircmj.21096.
  • Herzberger, S. D., Chan, E. and Katz, J., 1984. The development of an assertiveness selfreport inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment,48(3), 317-323.
  • Hüttermann, S., Ford, P.R., Williams, A.M., Varga, M., and Smeeton, N.J. (2019). Attention, perception, and action in a simulated decision-making task.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41(4), 230-241. 10.1123/jsep.2018-0177.
  • Kadri, A., Slimani, M., Bragazzi, Tod, D. andAzaiez, F. (2019). The effect of taekwondo practice on cognitive function in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 204.
  • Lambertz, M.M, and Blight, M.G. (2016). You don’t have to like me, but you have to respect me: the İmpacts of assertiveness, cooperativeness, and group satisfaction in collaborative assignments. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly,79(2), 180-199.
  • Lin, Y. R., Shiah, I. S., Chang, Y. C., Lai, T. J., Wang, K. Y. and Chou, K. R., (2004). Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students' assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurse Education Today,24(8), 656-65. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2004.09.004.
  • MehrabiZade, M. H., Taghavi, S. F., Attari, Y. A. (2009). Effect of group assertive training on social anxiety, social skills and academic performance of female students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences,1, 59-64.
  • Memmert, D. and Simons, D.J. (2009). Psychology of sport and exercise, 10(1):146-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.06.002.
  • McCartan, K., andHargie, O. D. (2004). Assertiveness and caring: Are they compatible? Journal Clinical Nurse, 13, 707-13.
  • Mohebi, S., Sharifirad, G. H. R., Shahsiah, M., Botlani, S., Matlabi, M. andRezaeian, M. (2012). The effect of assertiveness training on student's academic anxiety. Journal Pakistan Medical Association, 62(3-2), 37-41.
  • Posner, M.I.(1980).Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231.
  • Qiu F, Pi Y, Liu K, Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y. (2018). Influence of sports expertise level on attention in multiple object tracking. Peer Journal, 6, 5732 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5732.
  • Sanders R.L. (2007). Assertive Communication Skills With Nurses in a Rural Setting. Master' Thesis. The University of Wyoming. M. S. Whitney School of Nursing. Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 30-42.
  • Sert, A.Ş. (2003). The effect of an assertiveness training on the assertiveness and self esteem level of 5th grade children. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sert, A. (2010). İlköğretimde Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuduğunu Anlama Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Segal, J., Smith, M., Segal, R., and Robinson, L. (2019). Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes. (online) Available at https:// www.helpguide.org /articles/stress/stress-symptoms-signs-and-causes.htm.
  • Yiğiter, K. (2013). Improving the nursing students' assertiveness skills by participating in recreational physical activities. International Journal of Sport Studies, 3(3), 258-262.
  • Yong, F. (2010). A Study on the assertiveness and academic procrastination of english and communication students at a private university. American Journal of Scientific Research, 9, 62-72.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Korkmaz Yiğiter 0000-0002-6933-3466

Publication Date September 1, 2021
Acceptance Date March 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 41

Cite

APA Yiğiter, K. (2021). Assertivenes, Attention and the Relationship between Swimming Training and Them. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(41), 3066-3081. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.880225