Sportif Sorunlarla Başa Çıkabilme ile Sporcu Bağlılığı Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 44, 7435 - 7450, 26.12.2021

Volkan Özcan

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.969885

Abstract

Bu araştırma spor bilimlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin sportif sorunlarla başa çıkma becerileri ile sporcu bağlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma modeline göre desenlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere uygun örnekleme örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcılar 81 kadın ve 207 erkek olmak üzere toplam 288 sporcu öğrenciden oluşmak-tadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için Türkçe’ye uyarlaması yapılan "Sportif Sorunlarla Başa Çıkma Becerileri Envanteri-28 (ACSI-28)” ile sporcuların spora olan bağlılıklarını ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilen “Sporcu Bağlılık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde öncelikle korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından çoklu regresyon analizi ile sportif sorunlarla başa çıkmanın sporcu bağlılığını yordayıp yordamadığı test edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonunda sportif sorunlarla başa çık-manın sporcu bağlılığını yordadığı modelin anlamlı olduğu (p < .01), sporcu bağlılığı ile konsantra-syon (p < .01), baskı altında yüksek performans (p < .05) ve güven ve başarı güdüsü (p < .01) tarafın-dan pozitif yönde anlamlı yordandığı görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan, hedef belirleme/zihinsel hazırlık (p > .05), kaygıdan uzak olma (p > .05), zorlukla baş etme (p > .05) ve antrenörlük durumu (p > .05) ise sporcu bağlılığını anlamlı biçimde yordamadığı belirlenmiştir. Genel itibarı ile sportif sorunlarla başa çıkma sporcu bağlılığı için önemli bir faktör olduğu belirtilebilir. Sonraki araştırmalarda sportif sorunlarla başa çıkabilme ve sporcu bağlılığı arasındaki ilişkide anlamsız çıkan sonuçların nedenleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmelidir.

Keywords

Başa Çıkabilme, Sporcu Bağlılığı, Performans

Correlation between Ability to Cope with Sporting Problems and Athlete Engagement

Abstract

This research was performed with the aim of determining the relationship between the ability to cope with sports problems and athlete engagement of students in sports sciences The study was designed according to correlational survey and causal comparative model. The study included a total of 288 athletes, 81 women and 207 men, obtained with the convenience sampling method. For collection of data in the research, the Turkish adaptation of the “Athletic Coping Skills Inventory 28 (ACSI-28)” and the “Athlete Engagement Questionnaire” developed with the aim of measuring commitment to sport among athletes were used. Multiple regression analysis was used to test whether the ability to cope with sports problems predicted athlete engagement or not. As a result of data analysis, the model where the ability to cope with sports problems predicted athlete engagement was significant (p<.01), and it appeared athlete engagement was positively and significantly predicted by concentration (p<.01), high performance under pressure (p<.05), and confidence and achievement motivation (p<.01). It was determined that athlete engagement was not significantly predicted by goal setting/mental preparation (p>.05), freedom from worry (p>.05), coping with adversity (p>.05) and coachability (p>.05). In general, it can be stated that coping with sportive problems is an important factor for athlete engagement. In future studies, the reasons for the insignificant results in the relationship between coping with sportive problems and athlete commitment should be examined in detail.

Keywords

Coping, Athlete Engagement, Performance

References

• Anshel, M. H., ve Anderson, D. I. (2002). Coping with acute stress in sport: Linking athletes' coping style, coping strategies, affect, and motor performance. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 15(2), 193–209.
• Arıkan, R. (2013). Araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Aytaç, S. (2006). İşyerindeki kronik stres kaynakları. Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan İlişkileri Dergisi, 4, 1.
• Barrell, G.M. ve Terry P.C. (2003) Trait anxiety and coping strategies among ballet dancers. Med Probl Perform Art. 18(2), 59-64.
• Booysen C. (2007). Designing a protocol and comparative norms for the identification and selection of talent among elite age-group rugby players in South Africa. Doctoral Thesis. Dept. of Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences, University of South Africa.
• Carver, C. S. and Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679-704. Connaughton, D., Hanton, S. and Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 24, 168-193.
• Cosma, G., Chiracu, A., Stepan, R., Cosma, A., Nanu, C. ve Păunescu, C. (2020). Impact of coping strategies on sports performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(3), 1380-1385.
• Cox, R. H. (1990). Sport psychology, concepts and applications. 2nd Edition. p.194- 199. New York: McGraw Hill. Cox, R. H. (2007). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications. NYC: McGraw Hill.
• Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K. and Jowett, G. E. (2015). Relationships between the coach created motivational climate and athlete engagement in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37, 193-198.
• Duda, J.L., Chi, L., Newton, M.L., Walling, M.D. and Catley, D. (1995). Task and ego orientation and intrinsic motivation in sport. Int J Sport Psychology, 26, 40-63.
• Dunkley, D.M., Zuroff, D.C., Blankstein, K.R. (2003). Self-critical perfectionism and daily affect: Dispositional and situational influences on stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 234-252.
• Eren, E. (1996). Organizasyon ve yönetim. 3. Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.
• Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Géczi, G., Tóth, L., Sipos, K., Fügedi, B., Dancs, H. and Bognár, J. (2009). Psychological profile of Hungarian national young ice hockey players. Kinesiology, 41(1), 88–96.
• Goodger, K., Gorely, T., Lavallee, D., ve Harwood, C. (2007). Burnout in sport: A systematic review. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 127-151.
• Hodge, K., Lonsdale, C. and Jackson, S. A. (2009). Athlete engagement in elite sport: An exploratory investigation of antecedents and consequences. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 186-202.
• Holt, D. T., Rutherford, M. W. and Clohessy, G. R. (2007). Corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical look at individual characteristics, context and process. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 13(4), 40-54.
• Jowett, G. E., Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K. and Curran, T. (2016). Perfectionism, burnout and engagement in youth sport: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 24, 18-26.
• Kelecek, S., Kara, F.M. and Aşçı F.H. (2018). Sporcu Bağlılık Ölçeği"nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Spormetre,16(3):39-47.
• Lazarus, R.S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21.
• Lees, N.F. (2009). The ability to bounce back: The relationship between resilience, coping, and positive outcomes. Unpublished master’s thesis. Massey University, Auckland.
• Leuens, A. (2008). Sport psychology. (4th edition). New York: Psychology.
• Loehr, J. and Schwartz, T. (2005). The power of full engagement: Managing energy, not time, is the key to high performance and personal renewal. New York: The Free Press.
• Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K. and Raedeke, T.D. (2007). Athlete engagement: I. A qualitative investigation of relevance and dimensions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38, 451-47.
• Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., ve Jackson, S. A. (2007). Athlete engagement: II. Developmental and initial validation of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38(4), 471–492.
• Martínez, J. R., Guillén, F. and Feltz, D. (2016). Athletes’motivational needs regarding burnout andengagement. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 25(1),65-71.
• Matthews, G., Campbell, S. E., Falconer, S., Joyner, L. A., Huggins, J., Gilliland, K., Grier, R. and Warm, J. S. (2002). Fundamental dimensions of subjective state in performance settings: Task engagement, distress, and worry. Emotion, 2(4), 315–340.
• Moen, F., ve Federici, R. (2017). Can athlete-centered coaching stimulate need satisfaction and prevent athlete burnout? International Journal of Sport Management, 18(1), 1–18.
• Nicholls, A. R. and Polman, R. C. J. (2007). Stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness among players from the England under-18 rugby union team. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(2), 199–218.
• Nicholls, A. R. and Ntoumanis, N. (2010). Traditional and New Methods of Assessing Coping in Sport. In Coping in Sport, Theory, Methods and Related Contructs (pp. 35-51). Nova Science Publishers.
• Ozcan, V., Gunay, M. (2017). The Turkish Adaptation of Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28): The validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 19(1), 130-136.
• Schaufeli W. B. ve Salanova M. (2007) Efficacy or inefficacy, that's the question: Burnout and work engagement, and their relationships with efficacy beliefs. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 20(2), 177-196. 60.
• Schaufeli, W. B. and Bakker, A. D. (2001). Werk en welbevinden. Naar een positieve benadering in de arbeidsen gezondheidspsychologie [Work en well-being: Towards a positive approach in occupational health psychology]. Gedrag & Organisatie, 5, 229-253.
• Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. and Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
• Seligman, M.E. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
• Sheard M. (2013). Mental toughness: The mindset behind sporting achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
• Skinner, E. and Pitzer, J. R. (2012). Developmental dynamics of student engagement, coping, and everyday resilience. in Handbook of Research on Student Engagement, eds S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, and C. Wylie. New York: Springer Science and Business, p.21–44.
• Smith, R. E., Schutz, R.W., Smoll, F. L. and Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The athletic coping skills inventory-28. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 379- 389.
• Smith, R. E. and Christensen, D. S. (1995). Psychological skills as predictors of performance and survival in professional baseball. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 399–415.
• Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. 4th Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Tamminen, K.A., Crocker, P.R.E. and McEwen, C.E. (2014). Emotional experiences and coping in sport: How to promote positive adaptational outcomes in sport. In A.R. Gomes, R. Resende, & A. Albuquerque (Eds.), Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective (p.143–162). New York, NY: Sage.
• Wilson, V. E., Peper, E. and Schmid, A. (2006). Training strategies for concentration. In Williams, J. N. (ed). Applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance, (p.404-422), (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw.