Research Article

Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul

Volume: 23 Number: 2026 April 27, 2026
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Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul

Abstract

Namazgahs – open-air prayer spaces widespread across Ottoman cities and travel routes – occupy an ambiguous position within architectural history. Despite extensive documentation and typological classification, they have largely remained peripheral to architectural theory, often treated as residual religious installations or inert heritage objects. This article argues that such marginalization stems not from architectural deficiency, but from the namazgah’s resistance to dominant assumptions equating architecture with physical containment, interiority with volume, and sacred space with monumentality. Studying fifty-five namazgah sites from sixteenth- to nineteenth-century Ottoman Istanbul, the physical remains of which are still locatable within the contemporary city, the author reframes the namazgah as a flexible spatial framework rather than a discrete building type. Drawing on critical historiography and semantic analysis as well as a close examination of architectural constituents, typological constellations, and historical functions, the study demonstrates that namazgahs operate through relational assemblages and bodily practices that produce coherent spatialities without enclosure. Historically, they functioned not only as places of prayer but also as wayfinding devices, rest stops, gathering grounds, and sociocultural nodes embedded within landscapes of movement. By tracing the progressive reduction of these functions in modern contexts, the article shows how namazgahs have been transformed into symbolically sacred yet spatially inactive remnants. In response, it proposes the namazgah as a critical lens for rethinking an architectural interiority that is generated through orientation, relationality, and spatial inscription. In doing so, the study contributes to debates on architectural typology, sacred space, and design practices at the limits of enclosure.

Keywords

Namazgah, sacred space, architectural typology, open-air prayer spaces, interiority

Supporting Institution

No funding or support was received during the article’s preparation or publication process.

Ethical Statement

This study is of a nature that does not require ethics committee approval, and the data used were obtained through a review of the literature and other published sources. It is hereby declared that scientific and ethical principles were observed throughout the preparation of this study and that all works utilized have been indicated in the references.

Thanks

None.

References

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APA
Uysal, V. Ş. (2026). Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 23(2026), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1922271
AMA
1.Uysal VŞ. Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul. OPUS JSR. 2026;23(2026):1-21. doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1922271
Chicago
Uysal, Veli Şafak. 2026. “Namazgah As an Anomalous Architectural Typology: Historicizing Open-Air Prayer and Interiority in Ottoman İstanbul”. OPUS Journal of Society Research 23 (2026): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1922271.
EndNote
Uysal VŞ (April 1, 2026) Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul. OPUS Journal of Society Research 23 2026 1–21.
IEEE
[1]V. Ş. Uysal, “Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul”, OPUS JSR, vol. 23, no. 2026, pp. 1–21, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.26466/opusjsr.1922271.
ISNAD
Uysal, Veli Şafak. “Namazgah As an Anomalous Architectural Typology: Historicizing Open-Air Prayer and Interiority in Ottoman İstanbul”. OPUS Journal of Society Research 23/2026 (April 1, 2026): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1922271.
JAMA
1.Uysal VŞ. Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul. OPUS JSR. 2026;23:1–21.
MLA
Uysal, Veli Şafak. “Namazgah As an Anomalous Architectural Typology: Historicizing Open-Air Prayer and Interiority in Ottoman İstanbul”. OPUS Journal of Society Research, vol. 23, no. 2026, Apr. 2026, pp. 1-21, doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1922271.
Vancouver
1.Veli Şafak Uysal. Namazgah as an anomalous architectural typology: Historicizing open-air prayer and interiority in Ottoman İstanbul. OPUS JSR. 2026 Apr. 1;23(2026):1-21. doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1922271