Research Article
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Molecular Docking Studies of Halogenated Bicyclo[4.2.0] Inositols with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins

Year 2021, , 99 - 112, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1015314

Abstract

Cyclic sulfate is the precursor compound that can adapt well to the binding sites of the docked proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Cyclic sulfate showed very strong molecular interactions for the 6lu7, 6zb5, and 6vww proteins of SARS-CoV-2, with binding energies of -7.33, -7.29, and -7.29 kcal mol-1, respectively. Besides, acetate showed very strong molecular interactions with -7.45 kcal mol-1 for the 6lu7 protein of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, according to our results, cyclic sulfate and acetate should be investigated as promising drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.

Supporting Institution

Ordu Üniversitesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi

Project Number

(ODU/BAP, Grant No: AR-1659) , (BAP, Project No. 2013/77)

Thanks

The authors are indebted to Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (ODU/BAP, Grant No: AR-1659) and Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP, Project No. 2013/77) for financial support of this work.

References

  • Adam, W., & Balci, M. (1980). Cyclic polyepoxides: Synthetic, structural and biological aspects. Tetrahedron, 36(7), 833-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(80)80034-2
  • Aksu, A., Akincioglu, H., Gulcin, İ., & Kelebekli, L. (2021). Concise syntheses and some biological activities of DL‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiro‐inositol, DL‐1,4‐di‐O‐methyl‐scyllo‐inositol, and DL‐1,6‐dibromo‐1,6‐dideoxy‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiroinositol. Archiv der Pharmazie, 354, e2000254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202000254
  • Agostini, M. L., Andres, E. L., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Sheahan, T. P., Lu, X., Smith, E. C., Case, J. B., Feng, J. Y., Jordan, R., Ray, A. S., Cihlar, T., Siegel, D., Mackman, R. L., Clarke, M. O., Baric, R. S., & Denison, M. R. (2018). Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease. mBio, 9(2), e00221-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00221-18
  • Agrawal, U., Raju, R., & Udwadia, Z. F. (2020). Favipiravir: A new and emerging antiviral option in COVID-19. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 76(4), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.08.004
  • Allen, C. N. S., Arjona, S. P., Santerre, M., & Sawaya, B. E. (2020). Potential use of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors against SARS-CoV2 infection. All Life, 13(1), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895293.2020.1835741
  • Arouche, T. D. S., Martins, A. Y., Ramalho, T. C., Júnior, R. N. C., Costa, F. L. P., Filho, T. S. A., & Neto, A. M. J. C. (2021). Molecular Docking of Azithromycin, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Oseltamivir, Ivermectin and Heparin Interacting with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Main and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3C-Like Proteases. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 21(4), 2075-2089. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19029
  • Bizzarri, M., Laganà, A. S., Aragona, D., & Unfer, V. (2020). Inositol and pulmonary function. Could myo-inositol treatment downregulate inflammation and cytokine release syndrome in SARS-CoV-2? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24(6), 3426-3432.https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202003_20715
  • Brown, A. J., Won, J. J., Graham, R. L., Dinnon, K. H., Sims, A. C., Feng, J. Y., Cihlar, T., Denison, M. R., Baric, R. S., & Sheahan, T. P. (2019). Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Research, 169, 104541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104541
  • de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Jordan, R., Okumura, A., Thomas, T., Scott, D., Cihlar, T., & Feldmann, H. (2020). Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(12), 6771-6776. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922083117
  • de Wit, E., Rasmussen, A. L., Falzarano, D., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Brining, D. L., Fischer, E. R., Martellaro, C., Okumura, A., Chang, J., Scott, D., Benecke, A. G., Katze, M. G., Feldmann, H., &Munster,V. J. (2013). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(41), 16598-16603. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1310744110
  • Espinola, M. S. B., Bertelli, M., Bizzarri, M., Unfer, V., Laganà, A. S., Visconti, B., & Aragona, C. (2021). Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 144, 103271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2021.103271
  • Food, U., & Administration, D. (2020). Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Veklury® (remdesivir). https://www.fda.gov/media/137566/download Furuta, Y., Takahashi, K., Fukuda, Y., Kuno, M., Kamiyama, T., Kozaki, K., Nomura, N., Egawa, H., Minami, S., Watanabe, Y., Narita, H., & Shiraki, K. (2002). In vitro and in vivo activities of anti-influenza virus compound T-705. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46(4), 977–981. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.4.977-981.2002
  • Kamenov, Z., & Gateva, A. (2020). Inositols in PCOS. Molecules, 25(23), 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235566
  • Karanfil, A., Şahin, E., & Kelebekli, L. (2020). Synthesis of novel tetrols from syn-bisepoxide: Preparation of halogenated bicyclo[4.2.0] inositols. Tetrahedron, 76(11), 131000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2020.131000
  • Kelebekli, L., Kara, Y., & Balci, M. (2005). Stereospecific synthesis of a new class of compounds: bis-homoconduritol-A, -D, and-F. Carbohydrate Research, 340(12), 1940-1948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2005.05.021
  • Kelebekli, L., & Kaplan, D. (2017). Stereospecific synthesis of novel methyl-substituted mono- and dimethoxy Conduritols. Tetrahedron, 73, 8-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.042
  • Kelebekli, L., & Atlı, İ. (2019). Stereoselective synthesis of a new methyl-substituted inositol Derivative, Tetrahedron, 75, 130531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.130531
  • Lagana, A. S., Unfer, V., Garzon, S., & Mariano Bizzarri, M. (2020). Role of inositol to improve surfactant functions and reduce IL-6 levels: A potential adjuvant strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia? Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110262
  • López, M. D., Cobo, J., & Nogueras, M. (2008). Building Bicyclic Polyhydroxylated Alkaloids: An Overview from 1995 to the Present. Current Organic Chemistry, 12(9), 718-750. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527208784567197
  • Goodsell D. S, Morris G. M, Olson A. J. (1996). Automated docking of flexible ligands: applications of AutoDock. J. Mol. Recognit, 9(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1352(199601)9:1<1::AID-JMR241>3.0.CO;2-6
  • Rafi, M. O., Bhattacharje, G., Al-Khafaji, K., Taskin-Tok, T., Alfasane, M. A., Das, A. K., Parvez, M. A. K., & Rahman, M. S. (2020). Combination of QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and MM-PBSA: analogues of lopinavir and favipiravir as potential drug candidates against COVID-19. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 30, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1850355
  • Rubin, D., Chan-Tack, K., Farley, J., & Sherwat, A. (2020). FDA Approval of Remdesivir — A Step in the Right Direction. New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2598–2600. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2032369
  • Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Menachery, V. D., Gralinski, L. E., Case, J. B., Leist, S. R., Pyrc, K., Feng, J. Y., Trantcheva, I., Bannister, R., Park, Y., Babusis, D., Clarke, M. O., Mackman, R.L., Spahn, J. E., Palmiotti, C. A., Siegel, D., Ray, A. S., & Baric, R.S. (2017). Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Science Translational Medicine, 9(396), eaal3653. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653
  • Sun, Y., Zhang, G., Hawkes, C. A., Shaw, J. E., McLaurin, J. A., & Nitz, M. (2008). Synthesis of scyllo- inositol derivatives and their effects on amyloid beta peptide aggregation. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16(15), 7177-7184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.045
  • Şahin, E. N., Karanfil, A., Ayvaz, M. Ç., Şahin, E., & Kelebekli, L. (2022). Structural analysis of halogenated bicyclo[4.2.0] inositols, biological activities and molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1248, 131357. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLSTRUC.2021.131357
  • Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hu, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research, 30, 269–271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
  • Wang, N., Hang, L-H., & Ye, X-S. (2010). A new synthetic access to bicyclic polyhydroxylated alkaloid analogues from pyranosides. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 11(8), 2639-2649. https://doi.org/10.1039/B923180C
  • Wu, R., Wang, L., Kuo, H-C. D., Shannar, A., Peter, R., Chou, P. J., Li, S., Hudlikar, R., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Poiani, G. J., Amorosa, L., Brunetti, L., & Kong, A-N. (2020). An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. Current Pharmacology Reports, 6, 56-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7
  • Zanardi, F., Battistini, L., Marzocchi, L., Acquotti, D., Rassu, G., Pinna, L., Auzzas, L., Zambrano, V., & Casiraghi, G. (2002). Synthesis of a Small Repertoire of Non-Racemic 5a-Carbahexopyranoses and 1-Thio-5a-carbahexopyranoses. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2002(12), 1956-1964. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200206)2002:12<1956::AID-EJOC1956>3.0.CO;2-Y

Halojenli Bisiklo[4.2.0] İnositollerin SARS-CoV-2 Proteinleri ile Moleküler Doking Çalışmaları

Year 2021, , 99 - 112, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1015314

Abstract

Siklik sülfat, SARS-CoV-2'nin kenetlenmiş proteinlerinin bağlanma bölgelerine iyi uyum sağlayabilen öncü bileşiktir. Siklik Sülfat, SARS-CoV-2'nin 6lu7, 6zb5 ve 6vww proteinleri için sırasıyla -7.33, -7.29 ve -7.29 kcal mol-1 'lük bağlanma enerjileriyle çok güçlü moleküler etkileşimler gösterdi. Ayrıca asetat, SARS-CoV-2'nin 6lu7 proteini için -7.45 kcal mol-1 ile çok güçlü moleküler etkileşimler gösterdi. Bu nedenle sonuçlarımıza göre siklik sülfat ve asetat, COVID-19 tedavisi için umut verici bir ilaç adayı olarak araştırılmalıdır.

Project Number

(ODU/BAP, Grant No: AR-1659) , (BAP, Project No. 2013/77)

References

  • Adam, W., & Balci, M. (1980). Cyclic polyepoxides: Synthetic, structural and biological aspects. Tetrahedron, 36(7), 833-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(80)80034-2
  • Aksu, A., Akincioglu, H., Gulcin, İ., & Kelebekli, L. (2021). Concise syntheses and some biological activities of DL‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiro‐inositol, DL‐1,4‐di‐O‐methyl‐scyllo‐inositol, and DL‐1,6‐dibromo‐1,6‐dideoxy‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiroinositol. Archiv der Pharmazie, 354, e2000254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202000254
  • Agostini, M. L., Andres, E. L., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Sheahan, T. P., Lu, X., Smith, E. C., Case, J. B., Feng, J. Y., Jordan, R., Ray, A. S., Cihlar, T., Siegel, D., Mackman, R. L., Clarke, M. O., Baric, R. S., & Denison, M. R. (2018). Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease. mBio, 9(2), e00221-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00221-18
  • Agrawal, U., Raju, R., & Udwadia, Z. F. (2020). Favipiravir: A new and emerging antiviral option in COVID-19. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 76(4), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.08.004
  • Allen, C. N. S., Arjona, S. P., Santerre, M., & Sawaya, B. E. (2020). Potential use of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors against SARS-CoV2 infection. All Life, 13(1), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895293.2020.1835741
  • Arouche, T. D. S., Martins, A. Y., Ramalho, T. C., Júnior, R. N. C., Costa, F. L. P., Filho, T. S. A., & Neto, A. M. J. C. (2021). Molecular Docking of Azithromycin, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Oseltamivir, Ivermectin and Heparin Interacting with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Main and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3C-Like Proteases. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 21(4), 2075-2089. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19029
  • Bizzarri, M., Laganà, A. S., Aragona, D., & Unfer, V. (2020). Inositol and pulmonary function. Could myo-inositol treatment downregulate inflammation and cytokine release syndrome in SARS-CoV-2? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24(6), 3426-3432.https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202003_20715
  • Brown, A. J., Won, J. J., Graham, R. L., Dinnon, K. H., Sims, A. C., Feng, J. Y., Cihlar, T., Denison, M. R., Baric, R. S., & Sheahan, T. P. (2019). Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Research, 169, 104541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104541
  • de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Jordan, R., Okumura, A., Thomas, T., Scott, D., Cihlar, T., & Feldmann, H. (2020). Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(12), 6771-6776. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922083117
  • de Wit, E., Rasmussen, A. L., Falzarano, D., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Brining, D. L., Fischer, E. R., Martellaro, C., Okumura, A., Chang, J., Scott, D., Benecke, A. G., Katze, M. G., Feldmann, H., &Munster,V. J. (2013). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(41), 16598-16603. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1310744110
  • Espinola, M. S. B., Bertelli, M., Bizzarri, M., Unfer, V., Laganà, A. S., Visconti, B., & Aragona, C. (2021). Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 144, 103271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2021.103271
  • Food, U., & Administration, D. (2020). Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Veklury® (remdesivir). https://www.fda.gov/media/137566/download Furuta, Y., Takahashi, K., Fukuda, Y., Kuno, M., Kamiyama, T., Kozaki, K., Nomura, N., Egawa, H., Minami, S., Watanabe, Y., Narita, H., & Shiraki, K. (2002). In vitro and in vivo activities of anti-influenza virus compound T-705. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46(4), 977–981. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.4.977-981.2002
  • Kamenov, Z., & Gateva, A. (2020). Inositols in PCOS. Molecules, 25(23), 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235566
  • Karanfil, A., Şahin, E., & Kelebekli, L. (2020). Synthesis of novel tetrols from syn-bisepoxide: Preparation of halogenated bicyclo[4.2.0] inositols. Tetrahedron, 76(11), 131000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2020.131000
  • Kelebekli, L., Kara, Y., & Balci, M. (2005). Stereospecific synthesis of a new class of compounds: bis-homoconduritol-A, -D, and-F. Carbohydrate Research, 340(12), 1940-1948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2005.05.021
  • Kelebekli, L., & Kaplan, D. (2017). Stereospecific synthesis of novel methyl-substituted mono- and dimethoxy Conduritols. Tetrahedron, 73, 8-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.042
  • Kelebekli, L., & Atlı, İ. (2019). Stereoselective synthesis of a new methyl-substituted inositol Derivative, Tetrahedron, 75, 130531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.130531
  • Lagana, A. S., Unfer, V., Garzon, S., & Mariano Bizzarri, M. (2020). Role of inositol to improve surfactant functions and reduce IL-6 levels: A potential adjuvant strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia? Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110262
  • López, M. D., Cobo, J., & Nogueras, M. (2008). Building Bicyclic Polyhydroxylated Alkaloids: An Overview from 1995 to the Present. Current Organic Chemistry, 12(9), 718-750. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527208784567197
  • Goodsell D. S, Morris G. M, Olson A. J. (1996). Automated docking of flexible ligands: applications of AutoDock. J. Mol. Recognit, 9(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1352(199601)9:1<1::AID-JMR241>3.0.CO;2-6
  • Rafi, M. O., Bhattacharje, G., Al-Khafaji, K., Taskin-Tok, T., Alfasane, M. A., Das, A. K., Parvez, M. A. K., & Rahman, M. S. (2020). Combination of QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and MM-PBSA: analogues of lopinavir and favipiravir as potential drug candidates against COVID-19. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 30, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1850355
  • Rubin, D., Chan-Tack, K., Farley, J., & Sherwat, A. (2020). FDA Approval of Remdesivir — A Step in the Right Direction. New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2598–2600. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2032369
  • Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Menachery, V. D., Gralinski, L. E., Case, J. B., Leist, S. R., Pyrc, K., Feng, J. Y., Trantcheva, I., Bannister, R., Park, Y., Babusis, D., Clarke, M. O., Mackman, R.L., Spahn, J. E., Palmiotti, C. A., Siegel, D., Ray, A. S., & Baric, R.S. (2017). Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Science Translational Medicine, 9(396), eaal3653. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653
  • Sun, Y., Zhang, G., Hawkes, C. A., Shaw, J. E., McLaurin, J. A., & Nitz, M. (2008). Synthesis of scyllo- inositol derivatives and their effects on amyloid beta peptide aggregation. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16(15), 7177-7184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.045
  • Şahin, E. N., Karanfil, A., Ayvaz, M. Ç., Şahin, E., & Kelebekli, L. (2022). Structural analysis of halogenated bicyclo[4.2.0] inositols, biological activities and molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1248, 131357. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLSTRUC.2021.131357
  • Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hu, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research, 30, 269–271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
  • Wang, N., Hang, L-H., & Ye, X-S. (2010). A new synthetic access to bicyclic polyhydroxylated alkaloid analogues from pyranosides. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 11(8), 2639-2649. https://doi.org/10.1039/B923180C
  • Wu, R., Wang, L., Kuo, H-C. D., Shannar, A., Peter, R., Chou, P. J., Li, S., Hudlikar, R., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Poiani, G. J., Amorosa, L., Brunetti, L., & Kong, A-N. (2020). An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. Current Pharmacology Reports, 6, 56-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7
  • Zanardi, F., Battistini, L., Marzocchi, L., Acquotti, D., Rassu, G., Pinna, L., Auzzas, L., Zambrano, V., & Casiraghi, G. (2002). Synthesis of a Small Repertoire of Non-Racemic 5a-Carbahexopyranoses and 1-Thio-5a-carbahexopyranoses. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2002(12), 1956-1964. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200206)2002:12<1956::AID-EJOC1956>3.0.CO;2-Y
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ebrar Nur Şahin 0000-0002-1222-1500

Abdullah Karanfil 0000-0003-2948-4216

Ertan Şahin 0000-0002-6311-8917

Latif Kelebekli 0000-0002-6242-2589

Project Number (ODU/BAP, Grant No: AR-1659) , (BAP, Project No. 2013/77)
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Şahin, E. N., Karanfil, A., Şahin, E., Kelebekli, L. (2021). Molecular Docking Studies of Halogenated Bicyclo[4.2.0] Inositols with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1015314